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1、專題十 虛擬語氣的用法 1.英語動詞有三種語氣，英語動詞有三種語氣， 陳述語氣，陳述語氣，祈使語氣和祈使語氣和虛擬語氣.2.2. 定義：用來表示說的話定義：用來表示說的話不是事實，或者是或者是不可能發(fā)生或可能性比較小的的情況，是一種愿望，建議，假設(shè)的語情況，是一種愿望，建議，假設(shè)的語氣。氣。一、虛擬語氣定義一、虛擬語氣定義二、虛擬語氣的考點二、虛擬語氣的考點 1 1、一般條件句中虛擬語氣的用法；一般條件句中虛擬語氣的用法；2 2、條件句中虛擬語氣的倒裝；條件句中虛擬語氣的倒裝；3 3、名詞性從句中虛擬語氣的用法名詞性從句中虛擬語氣的用法；4 4、幾種特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中虛擬語氣用法；幾種特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中虛擬語

2、氣用法；5 5、虛擬語氣與陳述語氣的判定虛擬語氣與陳述語氣的判定。1. If I knew his telephone number, I would call him now.2. If I were you, I would give AIDS patient a hug.3. If I had taken your advice, I wouldnt have made the same mistake.4. If he had been there, it wouldnt have happened.與現(xiàn)在事實相反與現(xiàn)在事實相反與過去事實相反與過去事實相反5. If it should

3、 rain tomorrow, they wouldnt go for an outing.6. I think we would do it, if we planned it in advance.7. If we were to have three days off , we would enjoy a very happy life.與未來事實相反與未來事實相反時時 間間 If 條件句條件句主主 句句現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在if+主語主語+did(be用用were)would should + do sthcouldmight過去過去 if+主語主語+had donewould should + h

4、ave done sthcouldmight將來將來 did (were ) should do were to dowould should + do sthcouldMight考題點擊：考題點擊： 1. If you _tomorrow, you _ find the new manager working in the office. A.should come; would B. would come; wouldC. will come; should D. comes; might2. If the parents _at the hospital earlier after th

5、e accident, the child would have been saved.A. arrives B. arrive C. had arrived D. has arrivedIf he _，he _that food. Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A. was warned; would not have takenB. had been warned; would not have takenC. would be warned; had not takenD. would have been warned;

6、had not taken3.4. If I were you, I _ buy the house right now. A. wont B. dont C. wouldnt D. cant5. _more careful, his ship would not have sunk. A. If the captain were B. If the captain had been C. Should the captain be D. If the captain would have been 6. I am not free today. If I _free today , I _

7、and visit some of my friends . A. am will go B. were , would go C. shall be D. be , must go7. If my lawyer _ here last Saturday, he _ me from going . A. had been , would have prevented B. had been, would prevent C. were, would prevent D. were, would have prevented2 2、條件句中虛擬語氣的倒裝；、條件句中虛擬語氣的倒裝； 條件從句中含

8、有條件從句中含有should，were， had 三個助動三個助動詞并且放在句首時，可以把詞并且放在句首時，可以把if省略。省略。Were I you, I would give it up. Had I had time, I would have run round that lake again.Should there be a flood, what should we do?1. _the exam, he would have attend a college.A. If he passed B. Had he passedC. Were he passed D. If he s

9、hould pass2._five minutes earlier, you could have seen them off.A. If you should arrive B. If you arriveC. Had you arrived D. Should you arrive錯綜時間的條件句錯綜時間的條件句 從句與主句發(fā)生的時間不同，需要按時間來確定虛擬形式。如：1. If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now. 如果他們以前努力學習的話，現(xiàn)在干的就會容易些。 2. If he had not taken my advi

10、ce, he wouldnt do it much better like this. 如果他不聽取我的建議，他就不會干得這樣好。 3. 名詞性從句的虛擬語氣。名詞性從句的虛擬語氣。主要是表示命令、要求、建議的虛擬語氣。主要是表示命令、要求、建議的虛擬語氣。1.賓語從句。賓語從句。常見動詞：常見動詞：一個堅持：一個堅持：insist兩個命令：兩個命令：order, command 三個建議：三個建議：advise, suggest, propose四個要求：四個要求：demand , require, request, desire, ask 賓語從句中的動詞賓語從句中的動詞 使用使用shou

11、ld + should + 動詞原形，動詞原形，或者將或者將shouldshould省略省略。 My demand is that she _ (come) to see me once a week. All of us are for the advice that the chemical works (be)closed down. He suggested that we _ (go) to Beijing for sightseeing. Its suggested that we (go)out for a picnic together every year.(should )

12、 go(should) come(should) be(should ) go表語從句表語從句同位語從句同位語從句賓語從句賓語從句主語從句主語從句注意注意： 如如suggest用于用于“暗示、表明暗示、表明”, insist用于用于 “堅持認為堅持認為”時時，賓語從，賓語從句句 用用陳述語氣陳述語氣。1.The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.2.He insisted that she was seriously ill and that be sent to hospitals at once.3.He sugges

13、ted that we have a meeting at once.4.His pale face suggested that he was ill. 2、以上動詞相應(yīng)的名詞構(gòu)成的名詞性從句也要以上動詞相應(yīng)的名詞構(gòu)成的名詞性從句也要使用虛擬語氣。形式一樣。使用虛擬語氣。形式一樣。order, advice, order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desire desire 等等1. My demand is that she should co

14、me to see me once a week.2. All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down.4、幾種特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中虛擬語氣的用法；幾種特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中虛擬語氣的用法；1）wish + 賓語從句賓語從句現(xiàn)在：現(xiàn)在：過去：過去：未來：未來： did/werehad donewould/could/might + do. shouldI wish I were a bird. I wish I hadnt made such a mistake. We wish our parents wou

15、ldnt punish us. I WISH EVERY DAY _ (BE) MY BIRTHDAY.wereI wish/wished I _( eat ) so much watermelon.hadnt eaten2）would rather + that 現(xiàn)在：現(xiàn)在：過去：過去：未來：未來： I would rather you paid me now. (現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在) I would rather you had gone, too. (過去過去) Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow. (未來未來)did (were)過去時 did

16、had done3） as if /though + 從句從句現(xiàn)在：過去：did (were)had done They talked as if they had been friends for years. She loves the baby as if it were her own son. It seems as if it were spring. I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.4.Its abouthigh time +that -should +V.過去時你該走了。我們該睡覺了。Its

17、high time that you went.Its high time that you should go.Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed. 5）without和和but for 構(gòu)成虛擬。構(gòu)成虛擬。(but for要不是要不是) Without sunlight, peoples life would be different from today. But for your help, I wouldnt have finished the work.But for water, it wo

18、uld be impossible to live in the desert.考題點擊：考題點擊：1.I went by plane; otherwise I _ much longer time. A.could take B.would take C.will have taken D.would have taken D 2.He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _ a goal. A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have score

19、dD3. Without liberation we _ a new life. A. would not begin B. would not have been begun C. had not begun D. would not have begunD6）If only (要是要是就好了就好了) 相當于相當于wishIf only I knew his name!If only we had followed your advice!If only I could see him again! 要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了。要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了。 要是我沒錯過火

20、車就好了！要是我沒錯過火車就好了！If only our parents could live with us!If only I hadnt missed the train!三、三、 虛擬語氣假設(shè)條件句型注意點：虛擬語氣假設(shè)條件句型注意點：1. 錯綜條件虛擬語氣，錯綜條件虛擬語氣，主句和從句的謂語動主句和從句的謂語動詞要依照假設(shè)的時間而定。詞要依照假設(shè)的時間而定。If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better.If you had followed the teachers advice, you

21、 wouldnt be in the hospital.陳述語氣與虛擬語氣陳述語氣與虛擬語氣典型例題典型例題1) The volleyball match will be put off if it _. A.will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained2) - Would you have called her up _ possible? - Yes, but I _ busy doing my homework. A. had it been was B. if it was were C. if it had been had been D. if

22、 it were would beB該句為陳述語氣，因為主句用的是該句為陳述語氣，因為主句用的是 will be put off。真。真實條件句主句為將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時代將來時。實條件句主句為將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時代將來時。問句中用的是虛擬語氣，主句用問句中用的是虛擬語氣，主句用 would have called, 從從句中與過去相反的動詞形式為句中與過去相反的動詞形式為 had done；答句中表示；答句中表示的是真實的情況，所以該用陳述語氣。的是真實的情況，所以該用陳述語氣。A高考題點擊高考題點擊3) You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn

23、, you _ so tired. A. drovedidnt getB. had drivenwouldnt have got C. drovewouldnt get D. were drivingwouldnt get 4) It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.(02 上海) A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not falle

24、n C. should fall D. were to fall前句用的是陳述語氣，表示過去發(fā)生的事；后句是虛擬語氣，表示與過去相反。BB該句主句中用的是與現(xiàn)在相反的虛擬語氣，而從句中使用的是與過去相反的虛擬語氣。全句意思為“如果我不在七歲時迷上了我們家鄉(xiāng)的 Melinda Cox Library，我真不能想象我今天會做什么?！?經(jīng)典題目經(jīng)典題目5. If you _ him yesterday, you _ what to do now. A.asked would know B.had asked would have knownC. asked him know D. had asked

25、 would know6. What would have happened, _ as far as the river bank? A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked fartherCD7. How I wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden! A. hasB. hadC. will haveD. had had8. When a pencil is pa

26、rtly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A. breaksB. has broken C. were broken D. had been brokenBC- Do you mind if I leave the window open? - Well, Id rather you _ . A. dont B. didnt C. wont D. mustnt10. Its half past eleven. Its high time _ home. A. well B. wed C. were going D. we wentBD11.

27、Jack _ yet, otherwise he would have phoned me. (N 97) A. mustnt have arrived B. shouldnt have arrived C. cant have arrived D. neednt have arrivedC4. 名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣 A、賓語從句中的虛擬語氣、賓語從句中的虛擬語氣在動詞 suggest, order, demand, request, desire, insist, require, decide, determine, advise, recommend, deser

28、ve (值得提及) 后需用 should 型的虛擬語氣?？碱}點擊：考題點擊：1. The teacher demanded that the work _ before 4 oclock. A. finished B. be finished C. should finish D. finish2. - What did the doctor say about your mothers illness? - He suggested that she _ an operation at once. A. must haveB. hadC. have D. had hadBCB、主語從句中的虛

29、擬語氣、主語從句中的虛擬語氣基本句型：基本句型：a. It is suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted； + (should) do b. It is important, necessary, natural, desirable, strange, advisable, imperative c. It is a pity, a shame, no wonder 考題點擊：考題點擊：1. Is it necessary that he _ the examination? A. takes

30、B. has to takeC. must takeD. take2. It is strange that he _ you this. A. would tell B. should tell C. had told D. has toldDBC、表語從句和同位語從句中的虛擬語氣、表語從句和同位語從句中的虛擬語氣 在 suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice 等名詞后面的表語從句、同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣，即（should）+動詞原形。My idea is that we (should) get more people to atte

31、nd the conference.I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week. 考題點擊：考題點擊：1.His suggestion that you _ once more sounds reasonable. A. try B. tries C. must try D. can tryA PRACTICEFINISH A WRITING PASSAGE, ACCORDING TO THE CHINESE GIVEN. JIM剛剛做完左腿手術(shù)而被告訴一個月不能走動。他后悔如果前一天晚上沒有玩電腦游戲，今天早晨就可以

32、早點兒起床，也就不會因為怕遲到而撞倒致使自己住院了。媽媽也因為兒子沒有按時睡覺而在責備他。同時JIM也在遺憾下周的運動會不能參加了，預想的400米冠軍也不能得到了。 PRACTICECOMPLETE THE FOLLOWING PASSAGE WITH THE VERBS IN BRACKETS,USING THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. Jim has just had an operation on his leg. He was told he would have to stay in bed for at least three months. Now he regret

33、s what he did: The accident would not have happened if he had not been so foolish. He (not wake up) so late that morning if he _ (not stay up) late the night before playing computer games. wouldnt have woken uphadnt stayed up Jims mother agreed:”If my son _(get up) half an hour earlier, he _ (not ri

34、de) his bike so crazily.”Jims mother blamed Jim in front of the doctor,”If he _ _(follow) advice and gone to bed earlier ,he _(spend) more time on his way to school and he _(not hit)a tree by the street.”had got upwouldnt have riddenhadfollowedcould have spentwouldt have hit “Yes, indeed, Mum”answer

35、ed Jim in a low voice. “ But you know if I _(not notice) the little girl crossing the street all of a sudden, I_( knock) her down. My leg_ (not injure),and instead of me the girl _(take)to hospital.hadnt noticedwould have knockedwouldhave been injuredwould have been taken Lying in bed, Jim kept on s

36、aying “ How I wish I_ (be) more careful,Mum!” It was true that if this accident had not happened, Jim _(find) himself sitting in the classroom enjoying his class.And it _(be) possible even for him to win the 400-meter race in the sports competition if he _(join) them the next week.had beenwould foun

37、dwould becould join Jim has just had an operation on his leg. He was told he would have to stay in bed for at least three months. Now he regrets what he did: The accident would not have happened if he had not been so foolish. He (not wake up) so late that morning if he_hadnt stayed up_(not stay up)

38、late the night before playing computer games. Jims mother agreed:”If my son_had got up_(get up) half an hour earlier, he_wouldnt have ridden_(not ride) his bike so crazily.”Jims mother blamed Jim in front of the doctor,”If he _had followed_(follow) advice and gone to bed earlier ,he could have spent

39、 more time (spend) on his way to school and he _wouldt have hit _(not hit)a tree by the street.” Yes, indeed, Mum”answered Jim in a low voice.” But you know if I_hadnt noticed_(not notice) the little girl crossing the street all of a sudden, I_would have knocked _( knock) her down. My leg_wouldhave

40、been injured_(not injure),and instead of me the girl_would have been taken _(take)to hospital. Lying in bed,J im kept on saying”How I wish I_had been _(be)more careful,Mum!” It was true that if this accident had not happened, Jim_would found_(find) himself sitting in the classroom enjoying his class.And it would be (be) possible even for him to win the 400-meter race in the sports competition if he _could join_(join) them the next week.wouldnt have woken upwouldnt have woken up