《貴州省貴陽市花溪二中八年級英語下冊《Unit 1 Lesson 1》情態(tài)動詞課件 人教新目標(biāo)版》由會員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《貴州省貴陽市花溪二中八年級英語下冊《Unit 1 Lesson 1》情態(tài)動詞課件 人教新目標(biāo)版（36頁珍藏版）》請在裝配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、 情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞 情態(tài)動詞表示說話人的語氣和情態(tài)，需要，情態(tài)動詞表示說話人的語氣和情態(tài)，需要，可能，愿意和懷疑等?？赡埽敢夂蛻岩傻?。 情態(tài)動詞有一定的詞義，但不完整，必須情態(tài)動詞有一定的詞義，但不完整，必須和主要動詞的原形一起構(gòu)成謂語。和主要動詞的原形一起構(gòu)成謂語。 情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞 情態(tài)動詞特點(diǎn)：情態(tài)動詞特點(diǎn)： 1. 沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化2. 情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形動詞原形 情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞 常用的情態(tài)動詞有：常用的情態(tài)動詞有：can, could, may, must, need,have to, ought to, be able to，shall, will,

2、should, would, dare, might, 一一. can , could, be able to I. 1) can 表示體力或腦力方面的能力，或根據(jù)客觀條件能夠做表示體力或腦力方面的能力，或根據(jù)客觀條件能夠做某事的能力。某事的能力。 He can speak five languages. 2) 表示許可，在疑問句中表示要求，否定句中表示許可，在疑問句中表示要求，否定句中 表示不許。表示不許。 Can (May) I come in ? - Can I use your dictionary? - Of course, you can. This kind of thing c

3、ant go on. 3) 表示可能性，常用于疑問句和否定句中，指表示可能性，常用于疑問句和否定句中，指“某事是否是事某事是否是事實(shí)實(shí)”。 Can it be true? Can the hall seat a thousand people? She cant be here. Mary cant have gone there alone.4) 表示溫和的命令或批評表示溫和的命令或批評 You can go and fetch some water. You could read more in future. 5) be able to與與can 的比較的比較A) 表示能力時可通用表示能

4、力時可通用 No one can / is able to do it. Can you come tonight? /Will you be able to come tonight?B) be able to可用于任何時態(tài)，可用于任何時態(tài)， can只能用在現(xiàn)在時或只能用在現(xiàn)在時或過去時（過去時（ could ）中。）中。 Im sorry I havent been able to answer your letter. He said he would be able to come home for Christmas.C) 表示經(jīng)過努而成功地辦到了某個具體的事情時，只能表示經(jīng)過努而成

5、功地辦到了某個具體的事情時，只能用用be able to 不可用不可用 can。 With the help of the firemen, they were able to leave the burning house.2. could 1) could 是是can的過去時，除具有的過去時，除具有can的各種功能外，的各種功能外，還可以用來比較委婉，客氣地提出問題或陳述看法。還可以用來比較委婉，客氣地提出問題或陳述看法。 Could you come a little earlier? - Could I borrow your bicycle? - Yes, of course, yo

6、u can. ( 不可用不可用could ) I could come earlier, if necessary.2) can 和和could 還可表示某人或某物一時的特點(diǎn)，可譯還可表示某人或某物一時的特點(diǎn)，可譯為為“有可能，有時會有可能，有時會”。 He can be very friendly. He could be very proud.二二. may, might 1） 表示許可，允許，譯為表示許可，允許，譯為“可以可以”（正式場合）（正式場合） You may take the book home. People may not pick flowers in the park.

7、 Id like to ask a question if I may ask. - May I watch TV tonight? -Yes, you may. (No, you mustnt/youd better not.) - May I smoke here? - Yes, please. / please dont.2) 表示推測，表示推測，“或許，可能或許，可能” 表示一件事或許會發(fā)生，表示一件事或許會發(fā)生，一般用在陳述句中。一般用在陳述句中。 It may rain tomorrow. They may not be there today. Fools may ask que

8、stions more than wise men can answer. Anybody may get ill.注：注：may 指指事實(shí)事實(shí)上的可能性上的可能性, can 指指邏輯邏輯上的可能性上的可能性Mr. Smith looks pale. He may be ill.Mr. Smith is in poor health. He can be ill at any time.3) 表示祝愿表示祝愿 May our friendship live long! May you succeed! May you have a good time! May you be happy!4)

9、常用在目的狀語從句或讓步狀語從句中常用在目的狀語從句或讓步狀語從句中 Get up early so that we may catch the first bus. She went by air that she might /could arrive earlier. Whoever he may be, he should obey the rules. He would work hard, however rich he might be.5）may well + 動詞原形意為動詞原形意為“理應(yīng)，有足夠的理由理應(yīng)，有足夠的理由” may /might as well+ 動詞原形用來

10、建議或勸說某人采動詞原形用來建議或勸說某人采取某種行動，有時相當(dāng)于取某種行動，有時相當(dāng)于had better常譯為常譯為 “還不如還不如,不妨不妨”。 He may well be proud of his son. （他大可以他的兒子為榮）（他大可以他的兒子為榮） She may well say so. （她說得對）（她說得對） It is very late, so you may / might as well go to bed. Might: might是是 may 的過去式，在表示可能時可以換用，但的過去式，在表示可能時可以換用，但might 可能性較小，或表示更婉轉(zhuǎn)的語氣?？赡?/p>

11、性較小，或表示更婉轉(zhuǎn)的語氣。 Jim may lend you money. Jim might lend you money. Might I ask a question? Might I ask for a photo of your baby? I wonder if I might borrow some money?三三. must, have to, need1. must 的用法：的用法： 1） 表示必須要做的事，意為表示必須要做的事，意為“必須必須” ，否定式表示不應(yīng)該，不，否定式表示不應(yīng)該，不許可禁止等。在回答許可禁止等。在回答must的問句時的問句時,不用不用mustnt

12、,而用而用neednt或或dont have to I must leave at 9. We must do everything step by step. We mustnt waste our time. I felt I must call and see him. - Must we hand in our exercises today? - Yes, you must. / No, you neednt. / No, you dont have to.2) must表示表示“偏要，偏偏偏要，偏偏”，或，或“（干嗎）硬要（多指不愉快的（干嗎）硬要（多指不愉快的事）事） Why m

13、ust you always interrupt me? Must you go so soon? The car must break down just when we were about to start off. After I give her advice, she must go and do the opposite.3) must也可表示客觀必然性，意為也可表示客觀必然性，意為“必然會，總是會必然會，總是會” 。 All men must die. Truth must be out. Winter must be followed by spring 3) must 還可

14、表示一種推斷和揣測。還可表示一種推斷和揣測。must +be對現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的猜對現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的猜測測;must +have done 對過去事實(shí)的猜測對過去事實(shí)的猜測. This must be Jims pen. You must be joking. I cant find my key. I must have left it in the bus. The book must have been written by a woman. You must have been thinking of something.2. must與與 have to的比較：的比較： 1). have to比較

15、強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要，表示因客觀環(huán)境或事比較強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要，表示因客觀環(huán)境或事態(tài)促使而不得不做某事；態(tài)促使而不得不做某事；must強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀看法，表示主強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀看法，表示主觀上認(rèn)為有必要做某事。觀上認(rèn)為有必要做某事。 I must learn another foreign language. You have to learn another foreign language if you want to work here. You must be back before 10 oclock. You have to be back before 10 oclock because the train

16、 is to leave at 10: 15.2) have to多表示義務(wù)或習(xí)慣動作；多表示義務(wù)或習(xí)慣動作； must 則表示一種則表示一種重要或急迫的事情。重要或急迫的事情。 You have to care for the young. She has to be at the office before eight every day. You must go to the manager at once, or youll be dismissed. 3） have to可用于不同時態(tài)，可同其他情態(tài)動詞可用于不同時態(tài)，可同其他情態(tài)動詞 連用，而連用，而must則只有一種形式則只有一種

17、形式. We will have to buy another TV set. She is always having to make decisions. He has had to reconsider his position. She may have to stay there longer. I have to /must leave now.3. need 的用法：的用法： 1）作情態(tài)動詞用時，多用于疑問或否定句中。回答）作情態(tài)動詞用時，多用于疑問或否定句中?；卮餹eed提出的提出的問句時，肯定常用問句時，肯定常用must否定常用否定常用neednt / dont have t

18、o You need not do anything here. He never need know. She need hardly say anything to him. I dont think he need come. Need I repeat it? There need be no hurry, need there? - Need I go so soon? - Yes, you must. / No, you neednt. / No, you dont have to. 2) need作情態(tài)動詞用時，也常用在作情態(tài)動詞用時，也常用在if，或，或unless 引導(dǎo)的條件

19、狀語從句或引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句或wonder后面的賓語從句。后面的賓語從句。 If I need start early, I will. I wonder whether I need advise him. I wont write to her unless I need write to her.3）need have +過去分詞，表示不必做謀事，但過去分詞，表示不必做謀事，但 卻做了卻做了,有責(zé)備之意有責(zé)備之意;didnt need / have to do表表 示不必做且沒做示不必做且沒做 You neednt have told them about it.I invited on

20、ly two guests, so you neednt havebrought so much food.I didnt have to / didnt need to get up early on Sunday, so I stayed in bed until 8 oclock.need用做行為動詞時的用法：用做行為動詞時的用法：1) need to do ; need doing ; need to be done 的用法的用法I need to buy a new dictionary. My bike needs to be repaired / repairing.2) 在在w

21、ill或或 shall 表示的將來時中表示的將來時中need常用常用做行為動詞。做行為動詞。You will never need to worry about him. You will need to say nothing 四四. will 和和 would 的用法：的用法：1. 表示意愿意志和決心或固執(zhí)，用于非人主語時，表示表示意愿意志和決心或固執(zhí)，用于非人主語時，表示固有性質(zhì)，傾向固有性質(zhì)，傾向 He is the man who will go his own way.Ill never play a joke on him. I wont argue with you.2. 表示

22、客觀事實(shí)表示客觀事實(shí) Fish will die out of water. Oil will float on water.3. 表示一種揣想，用于二，三人稱表示一種揣想，用于二，三人稱 It will be Mr. Wang knocking at the door. You will not be familiar with these rare plants.4. 用于疑問句表示邀請或請求用于疑問句表示邀請或請求 Will you give me a piece of paper? Wont you come in and have a little wine? Would you p

23、lease tell me your telephone number?5. 表示表示“諾言諾言” ，“命令命令” ，“叮囑叮囑” ，“強(qiáng)迫強(qiáng)迫” 譯譯為為“保證保證/ 保證不，保證不， 必須，一定要必須，一定要 We will pay back the money soon. I wont do it any more, I promise you. Youll wait here till I come back. No one will leave the examination room before 12 oclock.6. 表示意圖或允諾表示意圖或允諾 You will have

24、your share. I will trouble you for the dictionary.7. 表示拒絕，用表示拒絕，用wont I wont listen to your nonsense. The dog wont stop barking.8. would與與 will的用法基本相同，的用法基本相同，would是是will的過去式。的過去式。如：如：will表示習(xí)慣而表示習(xí)慣而would過去習(xí)慣；用在疑問句中過去習(xí)慣；用在疑問句中would比比will語氣更溫婉等差異。語氣更溫婉等差異。 I told him that I would go along with him. Im

25、 afraid the journey would be too expensive. Would like something to eat? When I was a child, I would go swimming every summer.五五. shall, should, ought 的用法的用法 A) shall的用法的用法1. 用于一，三人稱，用于一，三人稱， 表示征求意見或請求指示。表示征求意見或請求指示。 Shall I turn on the light? Shall we meet in the evening? Shall I come in？（你要我進(jìn)來嗎？）？

26、（你要我進(jìn)來嗎？） May / Can / Might I come in?（我可以進(jìn)來嗎）（我可以進(jìn)來嗎） Shall they come in or wait outside? Shall he come to see you? Shall + he /she / they +do sth = Do you want him / her / them to do sth2. 用于二，三人稱，表示決心，意志，允諾，命令，用于二，三人稱，表示決心，意志，允諾，命令， 警告，威脅，命運(yùn)或必然的結(jié)果等。警告，威脅，命運(yùn)或必然的結(jié)果等。 You shall have my answer tomorr

27、ow.（允諾）（允諾） You shall be sorry for it one day. （ 警告）警告） You shall leave the room or Ill shoot. （ 警告）警告） They shall do as I tell them. （ 命令或吩咐）命令或吩咐） Nothing shall stop us from carrying out this plan. You shall not smoke here. （命令或禁止）（命令或禁止） Death is certain to all; all shall die. 死必臨萬物；萬物皆會死死必臨萬物；萬物

28、皆會死 （命運(yùn)）（命運(yùn)） Who touches pitch shall be defiled. 玩火者必自焚玩火者必自焚 （必然結(jié)果）（必然結(jié)果）B) should的用法的用法1. 表示勸告，建議，應(yīng)該做，且有一種道義上的責(zé)任。表示勸告，建議，應(yīng)該做，且有一種道義上的責(zé)任。 You should study the article carefully. Such a thing shouldnt be allowed to happen again. I should help him because he is in trouble now. You should do it becaus

29、e you have promised to.2. 表示對現(xiàn)在，將來，過去情況的某種推測，譯為表示對現(xiàn)在，將來，過去情況的某種推測，譯為 “可能，應(yīng)該，該可能，應(yīng)該，該”。 He should arrive at noon. Jim should be at home now. They should have finished the work by tomorrow. They should have reached the town by now.3. 用于委婉，謙虛的提出意見，請求建議。用于委婉，謙虛的提出意見，請求建議。 I should say it would be better

30、 to try it again. I should think you are right. Id like to have a talk with you. 4. 用于疑問或感嘆句中，表示意外，驚異等情緒，與用于疑問或感嘆句中，表示意外，驚異等情緒，與what, how, why, who連用，且問句不需回答，有些相當(dāng)于修辭性問句。連用，且問句不需回答，有些相當(dāng)于修辭性問句。 Why should I fear? (=I dont fear at all.) What should I see but misery? = I could see nothing but misery.) S

31、hould we stand by and do nothing? Should you be so silly?5. 在某些從句中，表示驚異，不以為然等情緒?？勺g為在某些從句中，表示驚異，不以為然等情緒?？勺g為“竟然竟然” ；用在獨(dú)立的；用在獨(dú)立的that從句中，這時，從句中，這時，that從句已從句已成為感嘆句，可視為省略了成為感嘆句，可視為省略了Im sorry等；用在結(jié)果狀語等；用在結(jié)果狀語從句中，表示從句中，表示“竟會竟會” That things should come to this! 竟落到這種地步！竟落到這種地步！ That a man should be cruel! 人竟

32、會如此殘忍！人竟會如此殘忍！ What have I said that you should get angry? 我說了什么竟使你生氣了？我說了什么竟使你生氣了？ It seems so unfair that this should happen to me. It wasnt right that such near neighbors should not know one another.6. 用來表示虛擬（用來表示虛擬（should + do / should + have done） 1）句中有表示命令，請求，建議，堅持等意義時，）句中有表示命令，請求，建議，堅持等意義時， 名

33、詞性從句中的謂語動詞要用虛擬名詞性從句中的謂語動詞要用虛擬(should + do) The teacher suggested that we should practice speaking English as much as possible. My suggestion is that you should go with us. It is suggested that we should start work at once.He made a suggestion that we should help the poor.2）在下面結(jié)構(gòu)的主語從句中）在下面結(jié)構(gòu)的主語從句中 It

34、 is important / necessary / natural / strange / a pity etc用虛擬用虛擬 (should + do) It is important that we should study another foreign language. It is a great pity that she should have failed to see such a wonderful performance.3) 在在 in case引起的狀語從句中，引起的狀語從句中， 謂語動詞用謂語動詞用(should + do) Be quiet in case yo

35、u should wake the baby.4) should + have done表示過去應(yīng)該做某事卻沒做。表示過去應(yīng)該做某事卻沒做。含有含有“責(zé)備，內(nèi)疚責(zé)備，內(nèi)疚”之意。之意。 She should have helped you a lot. You should have told him about it. They should / ought to have come back yesterday.六六. 情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞+動詞完成式的用法動詞完成式的用法1. may和和might +動詞完成式動詞完成式 1）常用于推測過去的行為，表示）常用于推測過去的行為，表示“可能已經(jīng)可

36、能已經(jīng)” He may have received the letter. It might have happened last October. 2）也可表示將來某時之前的情況）也可表示將來某時之前的情況 He may have left when you get there. She might have died before he returns. 3）表示現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成的情況）表示現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成的情況 He might have arrived now. She may have got up now.2. can / could +動詞完成式動詞完成式 1) 表示本來能做而沒做的事，

37、有一種對過去未付表示本來能做而沒做的事，有一種對過去未付 朱實(shí)施的事情的惋惜朱實(shí)施的事情的惋惜 I could have passed the exam, but I was too careless. In that case we could have done it better. 2）對過去某種事實(shí)或行為的推測）對過去某種事實(shí)或行為的推測 Where can / could she have gone?3. must +動詞完成式動詞完成式, 表示對過去行為的推斷，具表示對過去行為的推斷，具 有較大的可能性，譯為有較大的可能性，譯為“一定，想必一定，想必” She must have

38、gone through a lot. 她一定吃了不少苦她一定吃了不少苦 He must have known about it.4. neednt +動詞完成式和動詞完成式和 didnt need to do 1）neednt +動詞完成式動詞完成式,表示一種已經(jīng)做過的但并無比要的行為表示一種已經(jīng)做過的但并無比要的行為 You neednt have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain. 2）didnt need to do, 表示沒有必要做某事，實(shí)際上也沒做。表示沒有必要做某事，實(shí)際上也沒做。 I didnt need to clean

39、 the windows. My sister did it.七七. dare的用法的用法1）dare 用作情態(tài)動詞常表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)頃r間，有時也用作情態(tài)動詞常表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)頃r間，有時也可表示過去，可用于肯定句，否定句，疑問句或可表示過去，可用于肯定句，否定句，疑問句或if,unless等引導(dǎo)的從句等引導(dǎo)的從句 He dare go deep into the mountains alone. She dare not say what she thinks. She never dare speak in public. No one dare go there. How dare you d

40、o such a thing? Dare you go home alone? I wonder if she dare come home. I wonder whether she dare disclose the secret.2) dare 用作行為動詞時常用作及物動詞，表示用作行為動詞時常用作及物動詞，表示“敢于，敢于，敢冒，敢于面對，向敢冒，敢于面對，向挑戰(zhàn)挑戰(zhàn)”后可跟名詞，代詞或不后可跟名詞，代詞或不定式定式 He dares any difficulties. He dares me to jump over the wall. 他向我挑戰(zhàn)跳過那堵墻他向我挑戰(zhàn)跳過那堵墻 I

41、dare you to do it. 量你也不敢量你也不敢 He dared to swim in the river. She didnt dare to tell her mother about it. 注：注：Dare同同 shall, will, should, would, have, had等連等連用時，常用作行為動詞用時，常用作行為動詞. I will not dare to climb the tree. He would never dare to do it. They have never dared to swim in the lake.八八. 情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞+動

42、詞進(jìn)行式該結(jié)構(gòu)表示動詞進(jìn)行式該結(jié)構(gòu)表示“應(yīng)當(dāng)正在應(yīng)當(dāng)正在可能正在可能正在” What can / could she be doing now? She may / might be watering the flowers. She must be watering the flowers. She cant be watering the flowers. She should / ought to be watering the flowers.九九. 1) used to + V. ( usednt to + V. / didnt use to + V. Used + S + to +

43、 V. / did + S + use to + V.) 2) had better / best (not) +V.(Had +S +better +V.) 3) would rather ( not ) +V. You had better not go by air. What had we better do? Hadnt we better leave now? Had we better not leave now? Better say yes, if he asks you. Wouldnt you rather work here? I would rather have come back yesterday afternoon.