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1、語法專題-定語從句考點聚焦1.定語從句引導(dǎo)詞的確定.2.非限制性定語從句的判定.3.定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別.知識鏈接知識鏈接 一.基本知識 二.關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的確定 三.只用that不用which的情況 四.只用which而不用that的幾種場合 五.只用who而不用that的幾種場合 六.Which和whose作定語的區(qū)別 七.非限制性定語從句的主要應(yīng)用場面 八.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)的用法基本知識定語從句:修飾其某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句.定語從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞之后.先行詞:被從句修飾的詞叫先行詞.關(guān)系詞:引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞.一一. 基本知識基本知識關(guān)系詞關(guān)系

2、代詞有that, which,who,whom,whose,as等關(guān)系副詞有when,where,why等.作用(1)引導(dǎo)定語從句:(2)代替先行詞;(3)在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個成分.例句:THE MAN WHO IS SHAKING HANDS WITH MY FATHER IS A POLICEMAN.在該句中, who is shaking hands with my father 是定語從句.先行詞“the man ,who”是引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞,代替先行詞the man ,在定語從句中作主語 二.關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的確定1.當(dāng)先行詞指人時,在定語從句中作主語用who/that,作賓語

3、用whom/that,作定語用whose2.當(dāng)先行詞指物時,在定語從句中作主語或賓語用which/that,作定語用whose .4.當(dāng)先行詞指地點時,在定語從句中作狀語用where,作主語或賓語用which/that.3.當(dāng)先行詞指時間時, 在定語從句中作狀語用when,作主語或賓語用which/that.5.當(dāng)先行詞指原因時, 在定語從句中作狀語用WHY,作主語或賓語用WHICH/THAT. 關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語時可省略,但引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語時不能省略;當(dāng)?shù)谝粋€定語從句的關(guān)系代詞作賓語省略時,第二個引導(dǎo)定語從句的用作賓語的關(guān)系代詞則不可省略. eg :The

4、 West Lake, which Huangzhou is famous for ,is a beautiful place.HAVE A TRY指出關(guān)系代詞（副詞）在定語從句中的成份：1.The man who came to our school is Mr. Wang. ( )2.The girl (whom) I met is Lucy. ( )3.A child whose parents are dead is called Tom. ( )4.I like the book (which) you bought yesterday. ( ) 主語賓語定語賓語HAVE A TRY

5、5. His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone whose family was poor. 6. I like the person to whom you just talked.7. We shall never forget the days (that) we spent together. 8. We shall never the days when we lived together.(定語 )( 介賓 )( 賓語)(狀語)典型賞析 (try you best please)(1)Thats an unpleasant thing to

6、say about your father after _hes done for you.(NMET2004)A. Something B. anything C. all D. that C(2) What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it.(2004.湖北)A.the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way whichA(3) I work in a business_ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.(2

7、004湖北) A. how B. which C. where D. thatC(4) Anyway, that evening,_ Ill tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachels place.(2004浙江)A. when B. where C. what D. whichD(省略that)inYou are excellent studentsCome on 三.只用THAT不用WHICH的情況1.當(dāng)先行詞前有序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時，或先行詞本身就是序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級時。如：the first text tha

8、t we are to learn is very difficult.2.當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞時。如all, little, few, much, something, anything, everything, none, nothing, none, nothing, no one, some等。eg: Im interested in everything that I dont know.3.當(dāng)先行詞被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, one of, the only, the very. the right, the last, few

9、, just等修飾時。 eg: Theres no difficulty that we cant overcome.(1)This is the very place_ Im going to live in next month. A. where B. which C. that D. in whichC(2)I have found the same boy_ I met with last meek. A. as B. that C. when D. thanB9.關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作表語時.如:The village is no longer the poor place tha

10、t it used to be .8.當(dāng)先行詞前有such或the same修飾,先行詞和關(guān)系代詞指同一物時.如:This is the same pen that I used yesterday.5.當(dāng)主句上以WHO或WHICH開始的特殊疑問句時.如:WHO IS THE BOY THAT WAS HERE JUST NOW.6.在there be 或there live 結(jié)構(gòu)中,用that 引導(dǎo)且多省略.如:There are four desks in the middle of the office that are used for the teachers. 7.當(dāng)先行詞是way

11、, moment, time, reason, distance等時用that,且常省略.如:I dont know the (that) he looked at me.4.如果有兩個或兩個以上分別表示人和物的先行詞時。如：We know nothing about the doctors and the hospitals (that) you are thinking about. 四.只用which而不用that的幾種場合1.關(guān)系代詞前有代詞時候.如:This is the room in which we lived last yesr.2.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時.如:His dog

12、, which was now very old,became ill and died 3.先行詞后有插入語時.如:Here is the English grammar book which, as Ive told you ,will help improve your English. 4.當(dāng)先行詞本身that時.如:Whats that which flashed in the sky just now?1.John said hed been working in the office for an hour,_ was true.(NMET2001) A. he B. this

13、C. which D. who2.We were next-door neighbours for years, during _time we met only twice. A .which B. this C. which D. who CA五.只用who而不用that的幾種場合1.先行詞是指人的不定代詞時,如one, anyone, no one, all, nobody, none等.如:Those who are against put up your hands. Wed better not believe in anyone who we dont know.2.當(dāng)先行詞是一

14、個限定性的表示人的特定名詞時.The aunt who came to see us last week is my fathers sister. 3.當(dāng)先行詞有較長的后置定語或在被分割的定語從句中時.如:Professor Smith is coming soon who will give us a talk on how to learn English.Anyone _ breaks the law should be punished. A. who B. that C. which D. whomA 六. Which和whose作定語的區(qū)別兩者皆可在定語從句中作定語,但which

15、只用于非限制性定語從句中,僅指物,且要接一個對先行詞起概括作用的泛指名詞;whose +名詞=the+名詞+of+ whom/which. 試比較 (1) Mary is studying Chinese, which knowledge is very important now. (2) We live in the room, whose window is broken . (the window of which is broken) 七.非限制性定語從句的主要應(yīng)用場面1.若先行詞指代明確時,如專有名詞和獨一 無二的人或事物.Hangzhou, which we visited la

16、st year, is one of the most beautiful cities in China.2.若關(guān)系代詞作復(fù)合介詞的賓語時.如:He had his right leg broken in playing football, because of which he couldnt attend school.3.若關(guān)系代詞作of 的賓語,且of 前有數(shù)詞.代詞或名詞時.如:The tree, the branches of which are almost bare, is a very old one.4.當(dāng)先行詞指代主語的整個概念時.如:She is extremely

17、popular with her students, which is common knowledge.指點迷津指點迷津:AS與與WHICH引導(dǎo)的定語從句引導(dǎo)的定語從句 兩者均可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，有時可以兩者均可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，有時可以互換，但下列情況多用互換，但下列情況多用as。1. 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句居句首時。關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句居句首時。e.g. As we all know, the earth is round.2. 當(dāng)與當(dāng)與suchsuch或或the samethe same連用時，一般用連用時，一般用asas。e.g. Such books as you tel

18、l me are interesting. I have the same plan as you.GO ON PLEASE!3. 當(dāng)從句和主句語義一致時，用當(dāng)從句和主句語義一致時，用as，反，反之則用之則用which。e.g. She has married again, as was expected. She has married again, which was unexpected.GO ON PLEASE!4. as在從句中作主語時，后面常接行為動詞的被動語態(tài)，在從句中作主語時，后面常接行為動詞的被動語態(tài)，如如be known，be said，be reported等，如從句中行

19、為等，如從句中行為動詞是主動語態(tài)，一般要用動詞是主動語態(tài)，一般要用which作主語。作主語。e.g. She has been late again, as was expected. Tom has made great progress, which made us happy.八.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)的用法1. “介詞+which”在定語從句中作時間、地點、原因、狀語,相當(dāng)于關(guān)系副詞when, where, why.2.“介詞（短語）+which/whom”在定語從句中作目的、方式狀語。3. .“介詞（短語）+which/whom+there be”在定語從句中表示存在的地點狀語。4.

20、 “介詞+which/whom”在含被動結(jié)構(gòu)的定語從句中作狀語，表示動作的執(zhí)行者。5. “不定代詞或數(shù)詞或名詞+of which/whom”在定語從句中作主語.6. “介詞+which”修飾后面的名詞作定語.7.“介詞+which+不定式”相當(dāng)于一個簡化了的定語從句.8.介詞的確定由定語從句中謂語動詞的習(xí)慣搭配決定.如(1)The reason for which I came here is that I want to get your help. (2)He stood near the window through which you could see the small river

21、. Shes the very person in whose pocket I found my lost watch. Who is the man to whom Tom was just now talking?介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞* “of + which/whom”可用來限定名詞、代詞、可用來限定名詞、代詞、分數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞等。分數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞等。e.g. 1. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help. A. that B. who C. from whom D. to who

22、m 2. He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows, most of _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year. A. these B. those C. that D. which DD九.Where 引導(dǎo)的定語從句和狀語從句的區(qū)別hWhere 引導(dǎo)定語從句時,where是關(guān)系副詞,在從句中作地點狀語,其前面有表示地點的先行詞,where引導(dǎo)的從句修飾先行詞,where引導(dǎo)的從句修飾主句的謂語動詞,where前面沒有表示地點的先行詞.在某些情況下,我們可以將其進行轉(zhuǎn)換.試比較1.I still rememb

23、er the bus stop Where I met you the first day .2.You should leave the toy where you can find apace.十.定語從句和強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的判斷在“it is/was +名詞+引導(dǎo)詞+從句”中,若將it is/was 及引導(dǎo)詞去掉,剩余部分仍然組成完整句子時.這便是強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu),否則就是定語從句.It was with great joy _ he received the news that his lost daughter had been found. A. Because B. which C. since

24、 D. thatD CAN YOU WORK THEM OUT?Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions:1. The sun gives us heat and light, _ which we cant live.2. The student _ whom we were talking just now is the best student in our class. 3. Ill never forget the day _ which she said good-bye to me.4. Who can give me the reason _ which he hasnt turned up yet?withoutaboutonforWell done!