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1、4.情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣20172017年高考英語語法總復(fù)習(xí)年高考英語語法總復(fù)習(xí) 一、情態(tài)動詞 1can和could的用法 (1)表示“能力”。 Even a child can operate the computer，let alone an adult. (2)表示驚訝，常用在否定句和疑問句中。 How could you do such a silly thing? (3)表示可能。 It is usually warm in my hometown in March，but it can be rather cold sometimes. (4)cannot. too/enough表示

2、“無論也不過分”；“越越好”。 I cant thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home. 2may和might的用法 (1)may和might表示“許可、可能性、祝愿”等意義。 在給予別人許可時，常用can，但有時也用may。不能用might。 May I take the book out? Im afraid not. “may as well動詞原形”意為“最好；倒不如”。 We may as well stay where we are. (2)may作“可以”講時，其否定式常

3、用“mustnt”表示“禁止”；must作“必須”講時，其否定式是“neednt”，表示“不必”。 May I take this book out of the reading room? No，you mustnt. You read it in here. 3must的用法 (1)表示禁止(用于否定句)。 The new law states that people mustnt drive after drinking alcohol. (2)表示“偏執(zhí)；固執(zhí)”。 If you must go，at least wait until the storm is over. 4shall的

4、用法 (1)用于第一、第三人稱疑問句中，表示說話人征求對方的意見和向?qū)Ψ秸埵尽?What time shall I pick you up at your house tomorrow，sir? I havent decided on the time.But I will call you. (2)用于第二、第三人稱陳述句中，表示說話人給對方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅。 No driving electric motor bikes in some areas is a rule that you shall obey in Fuzhou. 5will和would的用法 作情態(tài)動詞的will，

5、would與作助動詞的will，would的各種形式相同。 (1)表示自愿做或主動提出做什么，如意志、愿望或決心等。would用于過去的情況。 Goodbye，John. Come back again sometime. Sure. I will. Why didnt you come to Simons party last night? I wanted to，but my mom simply would not let me out so late at night. (2)will可以表示一種習(xí)慣性的動作，有“總是”或“總要”之意。 Every morning he will ha

6、ve a walk along this river. (3)would可以表示過去的習(xí)慣性動作，比used to正式，但沒有“現(xiàn)已無此習(xí)慣”的含義。 When we worked in the same firm several years ago，we would often go to the cinema together. 6情態(tài)動詞have過去分詞 (1)can/could have done表示“本來可以做，而實際上未做”或者“過去可能”，疑問或否定形式表示對過去發(fā)生的行為表示懷疑或不肯定，其中cant have done多用于語氣強烈的否定，意為“不可能做過”。 Do you

7、know where David is？I couldnt find him anywhere. Well.He cant have gone farhis coats still here. I could have saved the poor rabbit，but I didnt have the right drugs with me at that moment. (2)may/might have done表示對過去行為的推測，意為“可能做過”。might所表示的可能性比較弱，語氣較委婉。此外might have done可表示“本可能做而實際上未做”。 Sorry，Im late

8、.I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. (3)must have done表示對過去行為的推測，意為“一定；想必”，語氣十分肯定。 Jack described his father，who must have been a brave boy many years ago，as a strongwilled man. (4)should have done表示過去本來應(yīng)該做某事而實際上卻沒有做；shouldnt have done表示過去本來不應(yīng)該做某事而實際上卻做了。這一用法往往含有責(zé)備的

9、意味。 I shouldnt have watched that movieitll give me horrible dreams. (5)ought to have done表示過去本來應(yīng)該做某事而實際上卻沒有做；ought not to have done表示過去本來不應(yīng)該做某事而實際上卻做了。這一用法與should相同，也往往含有責(zé)備的意味。 You ought to have come to the party yesterday，but why didnt you come? (6)neednt have done表示本來不必做某事而實際上卻做了。 Mark neednt have

10、 hurried. After driving at top speed，he arrived half an hour early. 二、虛擬語氣 1非真實條件句中虛擬語氣的用法if條件從句從句的謂語形式主句的謂語形式表示現(xiàn)在情況動詞過去式(be的過去式用were)should/would/could/might動詞原形表示過去情況had過去分詞should/would/could/mighthave過去分詞表示未來情況should動詞原形should/would/could/might動詞原形動詞過去式were to動詞原形 We would be back in the hotel no

11、w if you didnt lose the map. If it snowed/were to snow/should snow tomorrow，we would take photos. 若條件句中有were，had，should，可把if省略，而把were，had，should放在主語前，形成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)主要用于書面語中。 Were there no modern telecommunications，we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world. Should it rain tomorro

12、w，we would have to cancel the football match. 2錯綜時間虛擬條件句 If you had worked hard，you would be very tired now.(從句指過去，主句指現(xiàn)在) 3含蓄虛擬語氣 有時假設(shè)的情況并不用條件從句表達，而是由otherwise，but，or，without，but for等來引導(dǎo)。 I was so busy then，otherwise I would have gone to help him. I would have come sooner but I didnt know that they

13、were waiting for me. 4某些從句中虛擬語氣的用法 (1)表示命令、建議、要求、愿望等含義的動詞后賓語從句和同位語從句時用虛擬語氣，形式為：(should)動詞原形。常這樣用的動詞有：advise勸告，demand要求，desire渴望，command命令，insist堅決要求，prefer寧愿，urge主張，order命令，recommend 勸告；建議，request要求，require要求，suggest建議，以及這些詞的名詞形式。 Teachers recommend parents not allow their children under 12 to ride

14、bicycles to school for safety. (2)wish后跟賓語從句時用虛擬語氣。 對現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè)： wish主語動詞過去式(be用were) 對過去情況的假設(shè)： wish主語had過去分詞 對將來情況的假設(shè)： wish主語would動詞原形 How much of the foreign experts speech have you understood? Next to nothing. I wish I had worked harder at English. (3)would rather后跟從句時用虛擬語氣，表示愿望，意為“寧愿；但愿”。 We would

15、rather our daughter stayed at home with us，but it is her choice，and she is not a child any longer. (4)在“It is (about/high) timethat從句”中，謂語動詞常用過去式或“should動詞原形”表示虛擬語氣。 It is high time that people learnt/should learn English. (5)在as if從句中，看語境是否與事實相反而選擇是否使用虛擬語氣。 It looks as if its going to rain. She tal

16、ked about it again and again as if she would never end. (6)if only 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中，用虛擬語氣表示愿望。 Look at the trouble were in. If only we had taken our teachers advice! .在下列各句中填入適當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動詞 1Since nobody gave him any help，he_have done the research on his own. 2Why are your eyes so red？You_have slept well last night

17、. Yeah，I stayed up late writing a report. 3My mom suggests that we_eat out for a change this weekend. 4He_sleep，although he tried to，when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it. 5It_be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words. 6What

18、 are you doing this Saturday? Im not sure，but I_go to the Rolling Stones concert. 7When I was a child，I_watch TV whenever I wanted to. 8You neednt take an umbrella.It isnt going to rain. Well，I dont know.It_do. 9Harry is feeling uncomfortable.He_too much at the party last night. 10Im going to Europe

19、 on vacation together with John if I_find the money. 11One of our rules is that every student_wear school uniform while at school. 12_you interrupt now？Cant you see Im on the phone? Sorry Sir，but its urgent. 13Days later，my brother called to say he was all right，but_(not) say where he was. 14Ive pre

20、pared all kinds of food for the picnice. Do you mean we_bring anything with us? 15I still remember my happy childhood when my mother_ take me to Disneyland on weekends. 16It was sad to me that they，so poor themselves，_bring me food. 17Life is unpredictable；even the poorest_become the riches. 18Ive o

21、rdered some pizza，so we_worry about cooking when we get home tired. 19_ I have a word with you？It wont take long. 20My book，The House of Hades，is missing.Who_have taken it? 答案 1.must2.cant3.should4.couldnt 5couldnt6.might7.could8.might9.must have drunk10.can11.shall12.Must13.wouldnt 14neednt15.would

22、16.should17.might 18neednt19.Can20.could .用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1If MrDewey_(be)present，he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there. 2They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation，or they_to our help. 3People are recycling many things which they_(throw)a

23、way in the past. 4It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I_(do)it? 5Had they known what was coming next，they_(have) second thoughts. 6Dont handle the vase as if it_(be) made of steel. 7Sorry，I am too busy now.If I_(have) time，I would certainly go for an outing with you. 8Wh

24、ere are the children？The dinners going to be completely ruined. I wish they_(not be) always late. 9He insisted he_(send) to the city. 10His expression suggested that he_(pass) the test. 答案 1.had been2.would have come3.would have thrown4.had done5.might have had6.were7.had 8werent9.(should) be sent10

25、.had passed .語篇填空(用適當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動詞完成下列短文) Miss Fang 1._(not) read for very long without getting a headache.Her mother told her that she 2._go to the Health Service and see a doctor.“You 3._see a doctor as soon as possible，”she said.“You 4._need glasses.” When Miss Fang had free time，she went to the Health S

26、ervice.The appointment clerk said that the doctor 5._see her at 330. Miss Fang replied that she 6._not be able to be there at 330 because she had a class then.“The doctor 7._take you at about ten to four，”the appointment clerk suggested. “8._I put you down for ten to four，or 9._you rather come tomor

27、row？” Miss Fang thought she 10._(not) waste any more time.The teacher 11._be unhappy if she asked for permission to leave the class a little early，as he was always so kind to everyone.And she replied，“I think I 12._make it at ten to four.” Miss Fang went to the class.She asked her teacher，“13._I leave at 345 today？I 14._have an eye examination.”As expected，the teacher said，“Yes，of course you 15._” 答案 1.couldnt2.should3.should4.might5.could 6would7.might8.Shall9.would10.shouldnt11.shouldnt12.can13.May/Can14.must15.can