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1、5.非謂語動(dòng)詞20172017年高考英語語法總復(fù)習(xí)年高考英語語法總復(fù)習(xí) 一、動(dòng)詞的ed形式 1動(dòng)詞ed形式作狀語 (1)動(dòng)詞ed形式作狀語，進(jìn)一步說明謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，其邏輯主語通常就是句子的主語。 Used with care，one tin will last for six weeks. Clearly and thoughtfully writen，the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answer. (2)某些動(dòng)詞的過去分詞已經(jīng)形容詞化，此時(shí)這些過去分詞表示一種狀態(tài)。這樣的詞(組)常

2、見的有：lost (迷路的)，seated (坐)，hidden (躲)，stationed (駐扎)，lost/absorbed in (沉溺于)，dressed in (穿著)，tired of (感到厭倦)等。 Absorbed in his book，he didnt notice me enter the room. 2動(dòng)詞ed形式作定語 動(dòng)詞ed形式(短語)作定語與它所修飾的名詞之間在邏輯上存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，并表示該動(dòng)作的被動(dòng)或完成。 The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras returned to our shop for

3、 quality problems. 3動(dòng)詞ed形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語 動(dòng)詞ed形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，句中的賓語往往就是其邏輯主語，該動(dòng)詞與賓語之間存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。 The manager was satisfied to see many new products developed after great effort. 4動(dòng)詞ed形式作表語 動(dòng)詞ed形式作表語時(shí)，大多數(shù)是已經(jīng)形容詞化的過去分詞。如：seated，disappointed，stuck，excited等。 While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted，Henry did his b

4、est to perform his duty. 二、動(dòng)詞的ing形式 1動(dòng)詞ing形式作狀語 (1)動(dòng)詞的ing形式作狀語表示在進(jìn)行一動(dòng)作的同時(shí)所進(jìn)行的另一動(dòng)作，它對(duì)謂語動(dòng)詞起修飾和陪襯的作用。動(dòng)詞的ing形式作狀語可以表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、結(jié)果、方式或伴隨情況。 Pressed from his parents，and realizing that he has wasted too much time，the boy is determined to stop playing video games. There is no greater pleasure than lying

5、on my back in the middle of the grassland，staring at the night sky. (2)動(dòng)詞ing形式有一般式、被動(dòng)式、完成式和完成被動(dòng)式四種形式，每一種形式的否定式都是直接在前面加not構(gòu)成。一般式(doing)表示主動(dòng)的一般性的動(dòng)作或者正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；被動(dòng)式(being done)表示正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作；完成式(having done)表示發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前的主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作；完成被動(dòng)式(having been done)表示發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。 Having been told many times，he finally un

6、derstood it. The old man，having worked abroad for twenty years，came back to his motherland. Not having fully recovered from the operation，the patient was advised to stay in hospital for another two weeks. 2動(dòng)詞ing形式作定語 動(dòng)詞ing形式(短語)作定語與所修飾的名詞之間存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，表示該動(dòng)作的主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行。 Theres a note pinned to the door sa

7、ying when the shop will open again. 3動(dòng)詞ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語 動(dòng)詞ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，句中的賓語往往就是其邏輯主語，該動(dòng)詞與賓語之間存在主謂關(guān)系。動(dòng)詞ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行中的主動(dòng)動(dòng)作?？梢詭в羞@種復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞有see，watch，hear，observe，feel，find，have，keep等。 Jenny found a wallet lying on the ground. 4動(dòng)詞ing形式作賓語 (1)常接動(dòng)詞ing作賓語的動(dòng)詞(短語) advise (建議)，admit (承認(rèn))，appreciate (感激)，avoid

8、 (避免)，cant help (禁不住)，consider (考慮)，delay (推遲)，enjoy (欣賞)，escape (逃脫)，finish (完成)，imagine (想象)，keep (on) (繼續(xù))，mind (介意)，practice (練習(xí))，suggest (建議)，miss (錯(cuò)過)，feel like (想要)，devote.to (把獻(xiàn)給)，get used to (習(xí)慣于)，look forward to (期望)，object to (反對(duì))，set about (開始)，put off (推遲)等。 I had great difficulty findi

9、ng the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant. Bill suggested holding a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation. (2)可用動(dòng)詞ing，也可用不定式作賓語，但意義區(qū)別明顯的動(dòng)詞 I still remember being taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there. (3)動(dòng)詞want，need，require意為“需要”時(shí)，后面跟動(dòng)詞ing主動(dòng)式或動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式作賓語

10、區(qū)別不大。 The flowers need/want/require watering/to be watered. (4)在動(dòng)詞allow，advise，forbid，permit后面直接跟動(dòng)詞ing作賓語，如果有名詞或代詞作賓語，則應(yīng)用帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。 We dont allow smoking here. We dont allow anyone to smoke here. 5動(dòng)詞ing形式作主語 動(dòng)詞ing形式作主語表示抽象的、泛指的動(dòng)作，尤其是一般行為傾向。 (1)一般形式 Its not easy to learn English well. Reading a

11、s much as possible is necessary. (2)通常為了避免句子主語過于冗長，用it作形式主語，動(dòng)詞ing后置。 It is no good learning without practice. 三、動(dòng)詞不定式 1不定式作狀語 (1)不定式用來作目的狀語。作目的狀語時(shí)，不定式的邏輯主語通常也是全句的主語，往往意為“為了；想要”。 Having finished her project，she was invited by the school to speak to the new students. (2)不定式用于so.as to.；such.as to；enoug

12、h to.；too.to.；only to.等結(jié)構(gòu)中作結(jié)果狀語。 Anxiously，she took the dress out of the package and tried it on，only to find it didnt fit. 不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語的區(qū)別：不定式作結(jié)果狀語往往表示意想不到的結(jié)果，而現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語則表示自然而然的結(jié)果。 It rained heavily in the south，causing serious flooding in several provinces. (3)不定式與形容詞連用作原因狀語。這些形容詞主要有：happy，kind，s

13、urprised，frightened，angry，shocked，glad，delighted，disappointed等。 We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition. (4)在“beadj.(pleasant，nice，comfortable，hard，easy等)to do sth.”結(jié)構(gòu)中，常用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。 In many peoples opinion，that company，though relatively small，is pleasant to deal wi

14、th. 2不定式作定語 動(dòng)詞不定式作定語多表示將來的動(dòng)作。 We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday. 3have，get后作賓補(bǔ)的三種非謂語動(dòng)詞形式 have，get作“使、讓、叫”講時(shí)，其后可接“動(dòng)詞ed形式，動(dòng)詞ing形式和動(dòng)詞不定式”這三種形式作賓補(bǔ)。 (1)have sth.done get sth.done使/讓某事被別人所做；使某物遭受 Every year，Tom remembers to have some flowers sent to her mother on her birthday. M

15、r. Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday. have sth. to do“有事情要做”。在此結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式作定語。 Im sorry，I cant go out with you. I have an urgent thing to settle. .用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1_(free)ourselves from the physical and mental tensions，we each need deep thought and inner quietness. 2I hope to tak

16、e the computer courese. Good idea._(find)out more about it，visit this website. 3_(spend)nearly all our money，we couldnt afford to stay at a hotel. 4_(work)out the difficult maths problem，I have consulted Professor Russell several times. 5Group activities will be organized after class_(help)children

17、develop team spirit. 6_(spend)the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong，Linda appears more mature than those of her age. 7The lecture_(give)，a lively questionandanswer session followed. 8Last night，there were millions of people_(watch)the opening ceremony live on TV. 9There are still many pr

18、oblems_(solve)before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon. 10He is thought _ (act)foolishly.Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job. 11When it comes to _ (speak)in public，no one can match him. 12Its quite hot today. Do you feel like _(go)for a swim? 13The film star wears sungla

19、sses. Therefore，he can go shopping without _(recognize) 14Its standard practice for a company like this one _(employ)a security officer. 15The room is empty except for a bookshelf_(stand) in one corner. 16I stopped the car_(take) a short break as I was feeling tired. 17_(eat) at the cafeteria before

20、，Tina didnt want to eat there again. 18Let those in need_(understand) that we will go all out to help them. 19The witnesses_(question) by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight. 20Not_(know) which university to attend，the girl asked her teacher for advice. 21The airport_(c

21、omplete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. 22In some languages，100 words make up half of all words_(use) in daily conversations. 23They might just have a place_(leave) on the writing coursewhy dont you give it a try? 24The sunlight is white and blinding，_(throw) hardedged shadows on

22、the ground. 25When I was little，my mother used to sit by my bed，_(tell) me stories till I fell asleep. 26The engine just wont start.Something seems_(go) wrong with it. 27_(hear) how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure. 28There are some health problems that，when not_

23、(treat) in time，can become bigger ones later on. 答案 1.To free2.To find3.Having spent4.To work 5to help6.Having spent7.having been given 8watching9.to be solved10.to have acted11.speaking 12going13.being recognized14.to employ 15standing16.to take17.Having eaten18.understand 19questioned20.knowing21.

24、to be completed22.used23.left24.throwing25.telling 26.to have gone 27Hearing28.treated .語篇填空(用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成下列短文) Freud was one of the first scientists 1._(make) serious research of the mind.The mind is the collection of activities 2._(base) in the brain that involve how we act，think，feel and reason. H

25、e used long talks with patients and the study of dreams 3._(search) for the causes of mental and emotional problems.He also tried hypnosis.He wanted to see if 4._(put) patients into a sleeplike condition would help ease 5._(trouble) minds.In most cases he found the effects only temporary.Freud worke

26、d hard，although what he did might sound easy.His method involved 6._(sit) with his patients and 7._(listen) to them talk.He had them 8._(talk) about whatever they were thinking.All ideas，thoughts and anything that entered their mind had to 9._(express)There could be no 10._(hold) back because of fear or guilt. 答案 1.to make2.based3.to search4.putting 5troubled6.sitting7.listening8.talk 9be expressed10.holding