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1、被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)1.Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.2.English is spoken by many people .4.Lucky 52 is watched on TV by many people .3.The tickets about heroes are sold out .語態(tài)：英語的語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，語態(tài)：英語的語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，用來表示用來表示_和和_之間的關(guān)系。之間的關(guān)系。英語有英語有兩種語態(tài)兩種語態(tài), ,即即_和和_。 主動語態(tài)：表示主語是動作的主動語態(tài)：表示主語是動作的_。被動

2、。被動語態(tài)：表示主語是動作的語態(tài)：表示主語是動作的_。如：如：Many students study English.(_) English is studied by many students. (_)語態(tài)語態(tài)主動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)執(zhí)行者執(zhí)行者承受者承受者主語主語謂語動詞謂語動詞主動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài) 一一. 被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成_ 助動詞助動詞be+(及物動詞的及物動詞的)過去分詞構(gòu)成動詞的被動過去分詞構(gòu)成動詞的被動語態(tài)的形式。助動詞語態(tài)的形式。助動詞_有有_、_和和_的變化，的變化，其變化規(guī)則與其變化規(guī)則與be作為系動詞的變化完全一樣。作為系動詞的變化完全一

3、樣。一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài):_+動詞的過去分詞動詞的過去分詞如：如：The desk _made of wood. The desks _made of wood. He_ asked a question by the teacher.isarewasbe 人稱人稱數(shù)數(shù)時態(tài)時態(tài)主語主語+be+v-ed（及物）（及物）+ （by+動作執(zhí)行者）動作執(zhí)行者）am/is/areby many students.1. Many students study English.Englishis studied2. They make shoes in that factory.Shoe

4、s are madeby themin that factory.二二. 主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的步驟主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的步驟1.1.把主動語態(tài)的把主動語態(tài)的_變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的_。如主動句的賓語是代詞，需將其由如主動句的賓語是代詞，需將其由_變?yōu)樽優(yōu)開。 2.2.把主動語態(tài)的把主動語態(tài)的謂語謂語變?yōu)樽優(yōu)開語態(tài)的語態(tài)的謂語謂語。 _3.3.把主動語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的把主動語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的_短語。短語。 byby短語可以省。短語可以省。 byby短語后跟代詞的短語后跟代詞的_格。格。by the teacher.Heis asked questions主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的

5、步驟主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的步驟賓語賓語主語主語賓格賓格主格主格被動被動be+過去分詞過去分詞by賓賓1. 找賓語找賓語 -即動作的承受者即動作的承受者They make shoes in that factory. Shoes2. 判斷賓語的單復(fù)數(shù)判斷賓語的單復(fù)數(shù) -即即be動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)動詞的單復(fù)數(shù).are3. 判斷動詞的時態(tài)判斷動詞的時態(tài) -即即be動詞的時態(tài)動詞的時態(tài).4. 修改謂語的形式修改謂語的形式 -即原句動詞改為過去分詞即原句動詞改為過去分詞 5. 修改原句的主語修改原句的主語 -即即by+ 賓語（原主語）賓語（原主語）. by them主變被解題步驟主變被解題步驟主變賓主變賓,

6、,賓變主賓變主, , 謂動謂動be done be done 時不變時不變, ,人稱、數(shù)、格隨著變?nèi)朔Q、數(shù)、格隨著變madein that factory They play football on Sunday. Lucy does the homework in the evening. They often use computers in class. We make these machines in Beijing.Football is played by them on Sunday.The homework is done by Lucy in the evening.Com

7、puters are often used by them in class.These machines are made in Beijing. 三三. 被動語態(tài)的句式變化被動語態(tài)的句式變化 肯定句：肯定句：_否定句：否定句：_一般疑問句：一般疑問句：_特殊疑問句：特殊疑問句： _by many students.English is studiedby many students.English_is not studied_English _by many students?_ _English _by?主語主語be + 過去分詞過去分詞(by )主語主語be not 過去分詞過去分詞

8、(by )Be 主語過去分詞主語過去分詞(by )?疑問詞疑問詞be主語過去分詞主語過去分詞 (by )IsstudiedWho isstudiedThe homework is done by Lucy in the evening.Computers are often used by them in class.These machines are made in Beijing.Football is played by them on Sunday. 四、被動語態(tài)的用法四、被動語態(tài)的用法 1）在沒有指明動作的執(zhí)行者的情況下。）在沒有指明動作的執(zhí)行者的情況下。 The meeting

9、was held last week. 會議上周召開了。會議上周召開了。 English is taught in all middle schools. 所有中學(xué)都開設(shè)英語課。所有中學(xué)都開設(shè)英語課。 2）要強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者而不是執(zhí)行者時。）要強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者而不是執(zhí)行者時。 Teapots are used for drinking. 茶壺是飲水用的。茶壺是飲水用的。 Wheres cotton produced? 棉花產(chǎn)于何地？棉花產(chǎn)于何地？ 五、各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)五、各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)1一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時結(jié)構(gòu)：主語結(jié)構(gòu)：主語_+ 過去分詞過去分詞(主主) ：She cleans her

10、 room every day.(被被) (肯肯) ：_否定句：否定句：_一般疑問句：一般疑問句：_注意：注意：被動句的被動句的be動詞的變化應(yīng)按被動句中新主語的人動詞的變化應(yīng)按被動句中新主語的人稱和數(shù)而變化，其時態(tài)應(yīng)與主動句的時態(tài)一致稱和數(shù)而變化，其時態(tài)應(yīng)與主動句的時態(tài)一致 am / is / areHer room is cleaned (by her) every day.Her room isnt cleaned (by her) every day.Is her room cleaned (by her) every day?_1. They bought ten computers

11、 last term by them last term.2.2.一般過去時的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：一般過去時的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were +過去分詞過去分詞last year.Many treeswere plantedTen computers were bought They built the tall building last year. He took good care of his little brother yesterday. We cleaned our classroom just now. They used this room for resting.The tal

12、l building was built by them last year.His little brother was taken good care of by him yesterday.Our classroom was cleaned by us just now.This room was used for resting by them.3.3.一般將來時的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：一般將來時的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：1.They will finish the work in ten days.by them in ten days.The work will be finished2.Tom w

13、ill clean the room tomorrow.The roomwill be cleanedby Tom tomorrow.will be+過去分詞過去分詞 We will have a sports meeting next week. Children will take some photos in the schoolyard tomorrow. The headmaster will give a talk this afternoon.A sports meeting will be had by us next week.Some photos will be take

14、n by children in the school tomorrow.A talk will be given by the headmaster this afternoon.4.4.含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：1.Amy can take good care of Gina by Amy.Ginacan be taken good care ofMore water should be drunkcan/may/must/should + be+過去分詞過去分詞1.He can take care of the baby.2.Lucy may draw th

15、e pictures.3.You must turn off the lights.4.They should learn English well. The baby can be taken care of by him.The picture may be drawn by Lucy.The lights must be turned off by you.English should be learned well by them.1.Some workers are painting the rooms nowby some workers now.The rooms are bei

16、ng painted1.We have made twenty more keysby us.Twenty more keys have been made時態(tài)時態(tài)被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時一般過去時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時過去進(jìn)行時過去進(jìn)行時一般將來時一般將來時過去將來時過去將來時現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時過去完成時am/is/are donewas/were doneam/is/are being donewas/were being doneshall/will/be going to be donewould be donehave/has been don

17、ehad been done被動語態(tài)的用法被動語態(tài)的用法被動語態(tài)的幾種類型被動語態(tài)的幾種類型以以“人人”當(dāng)主語時，變法和一般的變法一樣；當(dāng)主語時，變法和一般的變法一樣；以以“物物”當(dāng)主語時，在保留的間接賓語前必須加當(dāng)主語時，在保留的間接賓語前必須加to或或for.被動語態(tài)：被動語態(tài)：sb.+be v-ed+sth.sth.+be v-ed +to/for sb.如：如：1.He gave me a book. _by him. （以（以I做主語）做主語） _by Tom. （以物（以物book作主語）作主語） 2.He teaches us English. _by him. （以人當(dāng)主語）（

18、以人當(dāng)主語）_by him. （以物作主語）（以物作主語）I was given a bookA book was given to meWe are taught EnglishEnglish is taught to uskeep, make 等動詞常常有賓語補(bǔ)足語，等動詞常常有賓語補(bǔ)足語， （_）在被動語態(tài)中，賓語補(bǔ)足語在被動語態(tài)中，賓語補(bǔ)足語_不變。不變。 We keep food fresh in the fridge. 主主 謂謂 賓賓 _in the fridge. I saw him go into the office building. _the office buildi

19、ng. 動詞動詞+賓語賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語賓語補(bǔ)足語位置位置Food is kept freshHe was seen to go into賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ) 不及物動詞沒有賓語，因此不及物動詞沒有賓語，因此_有被動語態(tài)。但有被動語態(tài)。但有的不及物動詞后面加上有的不及物動詞后面加上_詞及其他一些詞類構(gòu)詞及其他一些詞類構(gòu)成成_之后，其作用相當(dāng)于之后，其作用相當(dāng)于_物動詞，可物動詞，可以接賓語，因而也可以變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)。在變成被以接賓語，因而也可以變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)。在變成被動語態(tài)時，動語態(tài)時，_去掉構(gòu)成短語動詞的介詞或副詞去掉構(gòu)成短語動詞的介詞或副詞.沒沒介介短語動詞短語動詞及及不能不能(3)主動形式表被動意義。主動

20、形式表被動意義。1)某些感官動詞和系動詞接形容詞可以表示被動某些感官動詞和系動詞接形容詞可以表示被動意義。意義。如：如：_等等Her bedroom looks very clean and tidy.她的臥室看起來非常干凈和整潔。她的臥室看起來非常干凈和整潔。2）當(dāng)）當(dāng) need, want, require, be worth后面接后面接_時時,表示的是被動意義。例如：表示的是被動意義。例如： Your hair wants_.你的頭發(fā)該理了。你的頭發(fā)該理了。 The floor requires_. 地板需要沖洗。地板需要沖洗。 The book is worth_.這本書值得一讀。這本

21、書值得一讀。T he children need_.孩子們需要照看。孩子們需要照看。doingcuttingwashingreadinglooking afterlook, smell, taste, feel, prove, wear, sound3)某些作表語的形容詞后，用某些作表語的形容詞后，用_形式表示形式表示被動意義。被動意義。The conversation is hard_.對這話很難理解。對這話很難理解。The fish is not easy_.魚不容易釣。魚不容易釣。The passage is difficult_.這段文章很難讀懂。這段文章很難讀懂。4）某些動詞的主語是

22、物不是人時）某些動詞的主語是物不是人時;_等。等。例如：例如：The book _well.這本書銷路好。這本書銷路好。 This knife_ easily.這刀子很好用。這刀子很好用。不定式主動不定式主動to understandto fishto readwash, clean, cook, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sellsellscuts4、特殊結(jié)構(gòu)：、特殊結(jié)構(gòu)：_ （使別人能聽見（使別人能聽見/理解自己）等。理解自己）等。例如：例如： Explain it clearly and make yourself _

23、. 解釋清楚些，讓別人理解你的話。解釋清楚些，讓別人理解你的話。make sb. heard / understoodunderstood5. It is said that +從句及其他類似句型從句及其他類似句型 It is said that據(jù)說據(jù)說 It is reported that據(jù)報到據(jù)報到It is believed that 大家相信大家相信It is hoped that 大家希望大家希望It is well known that 眾所周知眾所周知It is thought that 大家認(rèn)為大家認(rèn)為It is suggested that 據(jù)建議據(jù)建議It is said

24、 that the boy has passed the national exam .=The boy is said to have passed the national exam. 把下列句子變成被動語態(tài)把下列句子變成被動語態(tài):1)A car knocked him down yesterday.2）Two doctors and ten nurses make up the medical team3）When I got there, they were cutting up a fallen treeA fallen tree was being cut up, when I g

25、ot there.He was knocked down by a car yesterdayThe medical team is made up of by two4)Well put on the play next Sunday5)Workers are building a new teaching building in our school6)They had completed the railway by the end of last yearThe play will be put on next SundayA new teaching building is bein

26、g built by workers in our schoolThe railway had been completed by the end of last year6. Another man-made satellite was sent up into space by them last week.(變主動語態(tài)變主動語態(tài)) another man-made satellite into space last week.7.People there planted many trees last year. Trees _ _ by people there last year.

27、8. They grow vegetables on the farm. The vegetables _ _on the farm.They sent upwere planted are grown1.Our school _in 2002.(開辦開辦)2.The young trees must_ _ _ well. (照顧照顧)3. _ this building_(建成建成)last year?4.The book _ _(寫寫)by him last year.5. The bridge _ _(不建造不建造)in1989.6.The 29th Olympic Games will_ _ (舉行舉行) in UK in 2012.was openedbe looked afterWas built was writtenwasnt builtbe held