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1、U1 LESSON ONEPOPULATION PROBLEMS一、過去完成時一、過去完成時二、二、過去過去完成時與完成時與現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在完成時完成時的比較的比較三、三、過去過去完成時與完成時與一般過去時一般過去時的比較的比較一、過去完成時一、過去完成時1.意義：意義： 注意注意:不要將不要將過去完成的動作過去完成的動作純粹就理解為用過去完成時純粹就理解為用過去完成時,因?yàn)檫@樣必然會在該用一般過去時的地方誤用過去完成因?yàn)檫@樣必然會在該用一般過去時的地方誤用過去完成時時.應(yīng)當(dāng)記住應(yīng)當(dāng)記住:過去完成時是一個過去完成時是一個相對的時態(tài)相對的時態(tài).表示的是過表示的是過去的過去去的過去,只有在只有在和過去某時

2、或某動作比較時和過去某時或某動作比較時才用到才用到.時間現(xiàn)在過去某時或另一過去動作更早的動作(用過去完成時).形式形式1）肯定式：）肯定式： 2）否定式：）否定式： 3）疑問式：）疑問式：had+ Vedhad not +VedHad +主語主語+Ved.We had not finished it when he came back.Had you finished the work when he came back?他回來時我們還沒有完成他回來時我們還沒有完成。他回來時你們工作完成了嗎？他回來時你們工作完成了嗎？二比較：二比較：過去完成時過去完成時與與現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時時間出發(fā)點(diǎn)不同時

3、間出發(fā)點(diǎn)不同：過去完成時以過去完成時以過去某個時間過去某個時間為基點(diǎn)。為基點(diǎn)?，F(xiàn)在完成時以現(xiàn)在完成時以現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在作為時間的基點(diǎn)。作為時間的基點(diǎn)。因此，因此，過去完成時是現(xiàn)在完成時的過去時。過去完成時是現(xiàn)在完成時的過去時。Tom is not hungry. He has just had breakfast.Tom was not hungry.He had just had breakfast.例句比較：例句比較：(現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時)(過去完成時過去完成時)1.We got to the station at 8:00, but the train had left.我們八點(diǎn)到達(dá)車站，但火

4、車已開走我們八點(diǎn)到達(dá)車站，但火車已開走了。了。2. We got to the station at 8:00, but the train left at 7:30.我們八點(diǎn)到達(dá)車站，但火車七點(diǎn)半就我們八點(diǎn)到達(dá)車站，但火車七點(diǎn)半就開開走了。走了。3. When I arrived home, my parents had had dinner.我到家時，我父母已吃過飯了。我到家時，我父母已吃過飯了。4. When I arrived home, we had dinner together.我一到家，我們就一起吃飯。我一到家，我們就一起吃飯。5. She had been ill for a

5、 week before she came back. She has been ill for a week. .John and I _ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we _ each other a couple of times before that. A. had been; have seen B. have been; have seen C. had been; had seen D. have been; had seen; 2.The

6、news came as no surprise to me. I _ for some time that the factory was going to shut down. A. had known B. knew C. have known D. knowA 3. How can you possibly miss the news? It _ on TV all day long. A. has been B. had been C. was D. will beA 4.The young girl sitting next to me on the plane was very

7、nervous. She _ before. A. hasnt flown B. didnt fly C. hadnt flown D. wasnt flyingC三、三、過去完成時過去完成時與與一般過去時一般過去時一般過去時表示在一般過去時表示在過去某個時間過去某個時間發(fā)生的發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)；動作或存在的狀態(tài)；過去完成時表示在過去完成時表示在過去某一時間之前過去某一時間之前完完成的動作。成的動作。過去完成時過去完成時與與一般過去時一般過去時的比較的比較We noticed him entering the headmasters office. The little boy had b

8、een made to learn 200 words by the time he was five. We the revision in grammar by the end of last month. I arrived late; I _ the road to be so icy. A. wouldnt expect B. havent expected C. hadnt expected D. wasnt expectingC1.FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH CORRECT TENSES.1）Film maker David Morris_ (be) inte

9、rested in the cinema since he _ (be) a small child.2）The students _ (catch) the thief before the policemen came.has beenwashad caughtExercises:3). Jane loves travelling . Her work _ (take) her all over the world. She _(be) to Africa, India, Australia, China and South America.4).The house was very qu

10、iet when I got home. Everybody _(go) to bed.has takenhas beenhad gone5.They _(buy) a house on the island in 1987 and they _ (live) there since then.6. Andrew _ (do) the test before,so he found it very easy.7.There was a car by the side of the road. It _ (break) down. So we _ (stop) to see if we coul

11、d help.boughthave livedhad donehad brokenstopped2.COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES:1).I didnt go to the film last week, because_ (我已經(jīng)看過兩次了我已經(jīng)看過兩次了)2).How many words _ (已經(jīng)學(xué)了已經(jīng)學(xué)了)by the end of last term?4). She started to play the piano_ (在她在她五歲時五歲時)I had already seen it twicehad you learnedat the age

12、 of five4).She _ (給我們看裙給我們看裙子子)she_(她她剛買的）剛買的）5). He _(已經(jīng)學(xué)了）已經(jīng)學(xué)了）English for three years before he came here.showed us the skirthad just bought.had learned1 1. We _(learn) two thousand words by the end of last year. 3. When we _(arrive) at the station, they _(wait) for more than twenty minutes. had

13、learnedarrivedhad waited2. I _ 2. I _ (know) him when I was a student. had known4. One of the men couldnt move, because he _ (break) his legs. had brokenVocabulary I1.growth n.the growth of a child成長成長the rapid growth of the economy 增長增長A thick growth of weeds covered the yard. 生長生長庭院長滿濃密的野草。庭院長滿濃密的

14、野草。 world population growth世界人口增長世界人口增長control the population growthv: grow grew grownadj : grown grown-up grown-ups growing2. overcrowding = too many people or things in a small placevt: overcrowd 使過度擁擠使過度擁擠; adj: overcrowded buses and trains 擁擠不堪的公共汽車和火車擁擠不堪的公共汽車和火車n: the overcrowding of large cit

15、ies the problem of overcrowdingoverdue overgrowth , overgrowoverpassoverseaoversleep 3. aging = ageingaging problem n. ageadj: aged4. birthrateThe birthrate in the city has been decreasing. 該市的出生率一直持續(xù)下降。該市的出生率一直持續(xù)下降。 5. doubleadj: 兩倍的，雙人的兩倍的，雙人的a double room double payn. 兩倍兩倍His pay is the double of

16、 mine. V:增加一倍，成倍增加一倍，成倍The population of Japan doubles that of Canada. The population doubled from 1960 to 1999.He doubled his slice of bread to make a sandwich. 6. be faced withThe front of the house was faced with concrete. 覆蓋 Many countries are faced with the population problem. 面臨面臨The building

17、faces the big river. Face the facts, sir! Lack of funds is the main difficulty that faces them. 7. on averageWe received 20 calls a day on average. 按平均值按平均值On average babies start walking at the age of one. (=usually)The average of 3,8 and 10 is 7. (平均數(shù)）平均數(shù)）above/below average (一般水平）一般水平）an average

18、student (中等的）中等的）8. solve vt.solve the aging problem solve a crossword puzzlen. solution find a solution to the problem. 解決這個問題的辦法 9. Africa African10. Kenya 肯尼亞肯尼亞(東非國家東非國家) Kenyan11.therefore adv. 因此因此He was down with the flu, and therefore he couldnt come to the party. TEXT World Population Growt

19、h Population(in billions)The population had reached _ by 1999.The population _from 1960 to 2000. The population _ 6.3 billion by 2003. What was the world population in 1960?6 billiondoubledhad risen to 1. By the end of last year, they _(learn) 200 English words.2. He didnt go to the cinema because h

20、e _(see) the movie twice.3. She _(work) on the farm for three years before she became a teacher.4. She had to make a living herself because her parents _. (die)5. People _(catch) the thief before the policeman _(arrive)6. We _(not get) the tickets because the teacher _(give) them all to the other cl

21、ass.7. Last week I didnt return the book to the library because I _ (not finish) it.8. Tom said that he _ (visit) China twice. had learnedhad seen had workedhad diedhad caught arriveddidnt gethad given hadnt finishedhad visited1. g_ the act of growing 2. d_ become twice as much/many 3. b_ the number

22、 of births every year for every 1000 people in the population of a place4. g_ the group of people who are responsible for controlling a country or a state Go over the new words: rowthoubleirthrateovernmentTRANSLATE THE PHRASES.1.面臨，面對2.控制人口增長3.找到解決問題的辦法4.老齡化人口5.過度擁擠問題6.按平均值7.一個非洲國家8.解決問題1. The polic

23、e officer was clam when he was f_ with danger.2. Because of the world population g_, well face serious problems. 3. With the development of technology, the production of cars will d_ this year. 4. The b_ of many European countries is very low. 5. The problems in Asia are not just population growth b

24、ut also o_. 6. Though he is an a_ rock star, he is still a popular singer. 7. The g_ has been thinking about the further birthrate cuts. Complete the following sentences. aced rowthoubleirthratevercrowdinggeingovernmentWorld Population GrowthYear年份Population人口19502.5 billion19603.0 billion19703.7 bi

25、llion19804.5 billion19905.3 billion19996 billion20006.1 billion20056,4 billionThere are seven continents in the world .AmericaEuropeAsiaAfricaOceaniaThey are Asia, Africa, America (North/South), Europe , Antarctica（南極洲）（南極洲）, and Oceania . What are they ?population growth the aging problems the prob

26、lem of overcrowding Listen to the first paragraph and answer these questions : 1. Why is the birthrate very low in Europe? Because many people have only one child or none at all.2. How long do men and women in Europe live on average? On average, men live to be 76, and women, 78.3. How is the old peo

27、ples life in Europe? Some are very lonely and some are very poor.Listen to the second paragraph and answer these questions : 1. How often is the population in Africa doubling? It is doubling every 24 years. 2. Many families continue to have large numbers of children, dont they? Yes, they do.3. How f

28、ast will Kenyas population increase in the next 80 years? The population will increase 10 times.Listen to the third paragraph and answer these questions : 1. What population problem is Asia faced with? The problem in Asia is not just population growth but also overcrowding in many cities.2. Where di

29、d most people use to live? They used to live in the country.3. Where will they live within the next 25 years? They will live in cities.4. How many people will live in cities within the next 25 years? More than 65 per cent of them.5. What problems do governments have to solve? Governments have to sol

30、ve the problem of overcrowding in cities.WHAT POPULATION PROBLEMS ARE EUROPE, AFRICA AND ASIA FACED WITH? ContinentsProblemsEuropethe aging problemsAfricapopulation growthAsiapopulation growth &overcrowding in many citiesCOMPREHENSION CHECK P104-105 TELL THE DIFFERENCEriseraisevivt增長；上升增長；上升 rose ri

31、sen 提高提高, ,舉起舉起 raised raised1. Has the moon _ yet ? 月亮升起來了嗎？月亮升起來了嗎？2. The river has _ two feet. 河水上升了河水上升了2英尺英尺.3. He _ his hand quickly. 他迅速地舉起了手他迅速地舉起了手。4. He _ (從位子上起來從位子上起來)and _(提高了他的嗓音提高了他的嗓音).risenrisenraisedrose from his seatraised his voicelonelyalone adj. 感到孤單的, 偏僻的,人跡罕至的 adj /adv.獨(dú)自一個人的

32、(地）1. She lives on tea and cake when shes _.2. Come over and see me; Im feeling a bit _. 3. He felt _ without his wife.4. She has never been on holiday _.5. He is now living in a _mountain village. alonelonelylonelyalonelonelyLISTENING AND SPEAKINGModel 1: T: What were you doing at 6:50? S: I was do

33、ing morning exercises.Model 2: T: What had you done by 7 oclock? S: I had done morning exercises. Schedule6:30 a.m. 7:00 a.m. do morning exercises7:30 a.m. 8:00 a.m. have breakfast8:00 a.m. 10:30 a.m. do homework10:30 a.m. 11:30 a.m. prepare lunch11:30 a.m. 11:50 a.m. have lunch12:30 p.m. 2:30 p.m.

34、take a nap3:00 p.m. 4:00 p.m. surf the InternetTELL THE WORDS ACCORDING THE ENGLISH MEANINGS GIVEN.1. so2. think about3. find a way, find an answer4. become twice as many5. at some time in the future6. terrible7. go out of sight8. able to be got9. old10. get rid ofthereforeconsidersolvedoublesome da

35、yawfuldisappearavailableagedthrow awayThe world is faced with many problems. B. population growth123A. overcrowding in many citiesC. the aging problemsREADINGFUTURE PROBLEMSWHERE DO WE LIVE? Is it beautiful? Do you love it? What do people always call it instead of the earth? If she has problems, wou

36、ld you like to help her?THE WORLD IS FACED WITH MANY PROBLEMS. GOVERNMENTS SHOULD SOLVE:population growthThe problem of overcrowding in many citiesthe aging problemsin Africain Asiain EuropeFUTURE PROBLEMS Read the first paragraph and fill in the blanks. The world population is _ very _. In the last

37、 40 years, the world population has _. By the year 2200, it will be about _ billion. Our cities will be much _. There will be more _ and more _. We will need more _ and other _. Therefore, we will have _ in the future, so we must change the way we use _ and natural _now. biggerfactoriesroadswaterser

38、ious problemsgrowingfastdoubled10natural resourcesenergyresourcesSECOND PARAGRAPH LISTEN AND FILL IN THE MISSING WORDS. _ of this is paper that we can use again. _ average family in Europe or America throws away over _ ton of rubbish _ year, but we can recycle _ of it. If we recycle things, we can s

39、ave_, _ and _.HalfAnoneeachmuchreusemore than money energyresourcesTHIRD PARAGRAPHLISTEN AND THEN ANSWER THE QUESTIONS:a. What will exist (存在) for hundreds of years?b. What pollutes the air, the land and the water?c. What can we do to reduce (減少) pollution?Plastics and chemicals We must stop using m

40、aterials like plastics and chemicals. not disappearPlastics and chemicals FOURTH PARAGRAPHFILL IN THE BLANKS USING THE WORDS IN THE BROWN. the ways to, used up , available, less, fewer Coal and minerals, for example, will be _ some day. Other resources take a long time to grow, such as trees, or the

41、y may not always be_, such as water. We must learn to use _ energy and _ resources. We also have to find other ways to make energy. We can find _ use the sun, the wind and the sea. used upfewerlessavailablethe ways toproduceuseable THE MAIN IDEA OF EACH PARAGRAPH 1234A. Plastics and chemicals cannot

42、 be reused. Instead, they pollute the air, the land and the sea, so we must stop using them. B. Because the world population is growing, we will face serious problems. So, we must find out solutions. C. Many of the natural resources cannot be renewed, so we must find new ways to make energy. D. Peop

43、le throw away millions of tons of rubbish every year, but we can use much of it again. REVISION1. 世界人口增長2. 人口擁擠問題3. 老年化的人口/老人4. 控制出生率5. 控制人口增長6. 年的世界人口是多少？7. 快速增長8. 達(dá)到/上升到億9. 面臨10.在很多歐洲國家11.出生率很低/高。12.平均來算1. world population growth2. the problem of overcrowding3. aging population/aged people4. contr

44、ol the birthrate5. control the population growth6. What was the world population in 2005?7.grow fast/rapidly8.reach/rise to 6.4 billion9. be faced with10. in many European countries11.The birthrate is low/high.12. on average13.的人口14.解決人口老齡化問題15.大量的孩子16.孩子的數(shù)量17.在未來的年里18. 增加倍19. 感到孤單獨(dú)自居住一個偏僻的小島20.每年每隔

45、一行 每隔一天13.25 per cent of the population14.solve the aging problem15.a large number of children16.the number of children17.in/within the next 80 years18.increase 10 times19. feel lonely live alone a lonely island20. every 24 years every other line every other day 1.I _up late this morning?(起床) 2.Befo

46、re I got to the cinema, the film _ already.(開始) 3.He _ (沒完成) his homework yet. 4.By the end of last year, she _ (學(xué)) to swim for 3 years.Fill in the blanks.got had startedhasnt finishedhad learntJudge whether the following sentences are true or false. Please correct the wrong sentences:1. I three Eng

47、lish books last week.2. He didnt begin watching TV until he his homework.3. He taught in this school since he came to the city.(F) had read readTfinishedhad finishedF ThadhasF T4. He had cleaned his house before he left his home.5. He a letter just now.6. I havent read the newspaper. Dont take it aw

48、ay.7. Li Ying began to write a report on population when sheenough information.Thad writtenFwroteTTcollectedhad collectedF TP106:Oral PracticeReal situationCause problemsFind solutionsNeed more water and natural resourcesThrow away millions of tons of rubbishStop using plastics and chemicalsMany nat

49、ural resources cannot be renewed. Others take a long time to growFast population growthChange the way we use energy and natural resourcesWaste things we can use againRecycleA lot of rubbish cannot be recycledPollute the air, the land and the waterWill be used up some day or may not always be availableUse less energy and resources or find other ways to make energy READ THE MATERIAL AND COMPLETE THE TABLE: