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1、專題一 記敘文專題二 應(yīng)用文專題三 議論文專題四 說明文模塊模塊 4 4短文改錯(cuò)短文改錯(cuò)模塊模塊 4 4短文改錯(cuò)短文改錯(cuò) 考綱解讀模塊模塊4 4 考綱解讀考綱解讀 高考短文改錯(cuò)是知識(shí)和能力的綜合測試題高考短文改錯(cuò)是知識(shí)和能力的綜合測試題型。主要考查考生在語篇中綜合運(yùn)用英語知識(shí)型。主要考查考生在語篇中綜合運(yùn)用英語知識(shí)的準(zhǔn)確性，考查考生的詞、句、篇和語法的綜的準(zhǔn)確性，考查考生的詞、句、篇和語法的綜合水平。高考短文改錯(cuò)題設(shè)置的考點(diǎn)靈活多變，合水平。高考短文改錯(cuò)題設(shè)置的考點(diǎn)靈活多變，知識(shí)層次多，覆蓋面廣，包括詞法、句法、行知識(shí)層次多，覆蓋面廣，包括詞法、句法、行文邏輯以及語篇結(jié)構(gòu)等。文邏輯以及語篇結(jié)構(gòu)

2、等。 命題特點(diǎn)模塊模塊4 4 命題特點(diǎn)命題特點(diǎn) 從近幾年的高考短文改錯(cuò)看，試題具有以下特從近幾年的高考短文改錯(cuò)看，試題具有以下特點(diǎn)：點(diǎn)： 1 1選材特點(diǎn)選材特點(diǎn) 短文改錯(cuò)的文體多為第一人稱記敘文，也有少短文改錯(cuò)的文體多為第一人稱記敘文，也有少數(shù)文章為議論文。短文一般在數(shù)文章為議論文。短文一般在1010行左右，每行行左右，每行8 81212詞，共計(jì)詞，共計(jì)120120詞左右。短文改錯(cuò)的語言材料通常詞左右。短文改錯(cuò)的語言材料通常取材于考生自己的作品或類似于考生的隨筆，且話取材于考生自己的作品或類似于考生的隨筆，且話題常見，篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的難易程度符合中學(xué)生的認(rèn)知水題常見，篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的難易程度符合中學(xué)生的認(rèn)

3、知水平，即明白易懂，基本上無生僻的語言障礙和怪、平，即明白易懂，基本上無生僻的語言障礙和怪、偏、難的語句結(jié)構(gòu)。偏、難的語句結(jié)構(gòu)。模塊模塊4 4 命題特點(diǎn)命題特點(diǎn) 2 2設(shè)置特點(diǎn)設(shè)置特點(diǎn) 試題的設(shè)置特點(diǎn)主要是指考點(diǎn)的分布狀況。試題的設(shè)置特點(diǎn)主要是指考點(diǎn)的分布狀況。短文改錯(cuò)所考查的詞類覆蓋面廣，分布合理。短文改錯(cuò)所考查的詞類覆蓋面廣，分布合理。其重點(diǎn)是從句法、詞法和行文邏輯等三個(gè)角度其重點(diǎn)是從句法、詞法和行文邏輯等三個(gè)角度考查考生在語篇中綜合運(yùn)用英語的能力，同時(shí)考查考生在語篇中綜合運(yùn)用英語的能力，同時(shí)兼顧句型結(jié)構(gòu)、習(xí)慣搭配等。有無錯(cuò)、多詞、兼顧句型結(jié)構(gòu)、習(xí)慣搭配等。有無錯(cuò)、多詞、缺詞和糾錯(cuò)等四種可

4、能。錯(cuò)詞現(xiàn)象主要出現(xiàn)在缺詞和糾錯(cuò)等四種可能。錯(cuò)詞現(xiàn)象主要出現(xiàn)在名詞單復(fù)數(shù)、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、非謂語動(dòng)詞、連詞、名詞單復(fù)數(shù)、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、非謂語動(dòng)詞、連詞、模塊模塊4 4 命題特點(diǎn)命題特點(diǎn) 介詞、主謂一致、代詞、詞形介詞、主謂一致、代詞、詞形( (指應(yīng)該用動(dòng)詞、指應(yīng)該用動(dòng)詞、名詞還是形容詞形式以及平行結(jié)構(gòu)中詞的正確名詞還是形容詞形式以及平行結(jié)構(gòu)中詞的正確形式形式) )、冠詞；缺詞現(xiàn)象主要出現(xiàn)在冠詞、冠詞；缺詞現(xiàn)象主要出現(xiàn)在冠詞( (名詞名詞前前) )、介詞、介詞( (不及物動(dòng)詞后或固定結(jié)構(gòu)中不及物動(dòng)詞后或固定結(jié)構(gòu)中) )、助動(dòng)、助動(dòng)詞、不定式符號(hào)詞、不定式符號(hào)toto、連詞、語義不完整現(xiàn)象等、連詞、語義不完

5、整現(xiàn)象等方面；多詞現(xiàn)象主要出現(xiàn)在冠詞、介詞、助動(dòng)方面；多詞現(xiàn)象主要出現(xiàn)在冠詞、介詞、助動(dòng)詞、連詞、語義重復(fù)及行文邏輯等方面。詞、連詞、語義重復(fù)及行文邏輯等方面。模塊模塊4 4 命題特點(diǎn)命題特點(diǎn) 3 3難度特點(diǎn)難度特點(diǎn) 短文改錯(cuò)試題的難度近年來繼續(xù)保持平穩(wěn)，短文改錯(cuò)試題的難度近年來繼續(xù)保持平穩(wěn)，以考查考生書面表達(dá)中的常見錯(cuò)誤為主，以動(dòng)詞、以考查考生書面表達(dá)中的常見錯(cuò)誤為主，以動(dòng)詞、名詞的考查較多，知識(shí)覆蓋面廣。短文改錯(cuò)的句名詞的考查較多，知識(shí)覆蓋面廣。短文改錯(cuò)的句子長度也趨于平穩(wěn)，但幾乎每篇都有一個(gè)長達(dá)子長度也趨于平穩(wěn)，但幾乎每篇都有一個(gè)長達(dá)2020多個(gè)詞的句子。多個(gè)詞的句子。 題型分類模塊模塊

6、4 4 題型分類題型分類 短文改錯(cuò)的目的是測試考生發(fā)現(xiàn)、判斷、糾正短文改錯(cuò)的目的是測試考生發(fā)現(xiàn)、判斷、糾正一些詞法、句法以及語篇中的行文邏輯等方面錯(cuò)誤一些詞法、句法以及語篇中的行文邏輯等方面錯(cuò)誤的能力。它既能考查考生的詞匯和語法方面的能力，的能力。它既能考查考生的詞匯和語法方面的能力，也能考查考生的閱讀理解能力。其考查的角度可以也能考查考生的閱讀理解能力。其考查的角度可以概括為以下三個(gè)方面：概括為以下三個(gè)方面： 模塊模塊4 4 題型分類題型分類 一、一、 詞法型詞法型 詞法的測試包括：定冠詞和不定冠詞的用法；詞法的測試包括：定冠詞和不定冠詞的用法；名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)和名詞所有格；動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、名

7、詞的單復(fù)數(shù)和名詞所有格；動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和非謂語動(dòng)詞等；人稱代詞的格、語氣，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和非謂語動(dòng)詞等；人稱代詞的格、物主代詞、指示代詞、連接代詞、不定代詞等的物主代詞、指示代詞、連接代詞、不定代詞等的用法；介詞的搭配；并列連詞、從屬連詞的用法；用法；介詞的搭配；并列連詞、從屬連詞的用法；形容詞、副詞的區(qū)別以及比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法；形容詞、副詞的區(qū)別以及比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法；固定搭配和習(xí)慣用法。固定搭配和習(xí)慣用法。 模塊模塊4 4 題型分類題型分類 例例1 120102010浙江浙江 I noticed Mother I noticed Mother looking at a ne

8、arby table occupied by an looking at a nearby table occupied by an elderly woman and young couple.elderly woman and young couple. 【解析解析】 考查冠詞的用法?？疾楣谠~的用法。youngyoung之前之前加上加上a a。從下文可知是一對(duì)夫婦，所以需加不。從下文可知是一對(duì)夫婦，所以需加不定冠詞定冠詞a a。模塊模塊4 4 題型分類題型分類 例例2 220102010遼寧遼寧 and she never and she never seemed to care what

9、 the rest of us seemed to care what the rest of us thought about her like the rest of my thought about her like the rest of my classmate.classmate. 【解析解析】 考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)用法?？疾槊~的單復(fù)數(shù)用法。classmateclassmatesclassmateclassmates由語境可知，其他的同由語境可知，其他的同學(xué)應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)形式。學(xué)應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)形式。模塊模塊4 4 題型分類題型分類 例例3 320092009浙江浙江 I stood ther

10、e and I stood there and couldnt believe in that a complete couldnt believe in that a complete strangerstranger 【解析解析】 考查介詞用法。去掉考查介詞用法。去掉inin。根據(jù)。根據(jù)語境，這里應(yīng)該表示語境，這里應(yīng)該表示“相信相信”，而不是，而不是“信信任任”。 模塊模塊4 4 題型分類題型分類 二、二、 句法型句法型 句法的測試包括：主謂語在數(shù)上的一致；名句法的測試包括：主謂語在數(shù)上的一致；名詞性從句；定語從句；強(qiáng)調(diào)句型；句子結(jié)構(gòu)的連詞性從句；定語從句；強(qiáng)調(diào)句型；句子結(jié)構(gòu)的連貫性、完整

11、性、對(duì)等性及邏輯性。貫性、完整性、對(duì)等性及邏輯性。模塊模塊4 4 題型分類題型分類 例例1 20101 2010全國全國 All I had to do was All I had to do was to write a story or present it. My to write a story or present it. My teachers had been telling me how great teachers had been telling me how great my writing was.my writing was. 【解析解析】 考查句意邏輯?？疾榫湟膺壿?/p>

12、。oror改為改為andand。oror表選擇，表選擇，andand表順接和并列。表順接和并列。模塊模塊4 4 題型分類題型分類 例例2 220102010重慶重慶 Here is my idea Here is my idea about how a friend is like.about how a friend is like. 【解析解析】 考查賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞?？疾橘e語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。how how 改為改為what what 。從句中。從句中l(wèi)ikelike缺賓語，應(yīng)由缺賓語，應(yīng)由whatwhat來引導(dǎo)。來引導(dǎo)。模塊模塊4 4 題型分類題型分類 例例3 320102010重慶重慶

13、Whats more, a good Whats more, a good friend is willing to offer the help to friend is willing to offer the help to which you need.which you need. 【解析解析】 考查定語從句。去掉考查定語從句。去掉toto。you you needneed是定語從句，是定語從句，needneed缺少賓語，所以應(yīng)選擇缺少賓語，所以應(yīng)選擇thatthat或或whichwhich或不填?；虿惶睢ＤK模塊4 4 題型分類題型分類 三、三、 語篇型語篇型 語篇的測試包括：上下

14、文中的時(shí)態(tài)是否一致；語篇的測試包括：上下文中的時(shí)態(tài)是否一致；上下文中的代詞是否一致；上下文中的邏輯是否一上下文中的代詞是否一致；上下文中的邏輯是否一致；上下文中的詞、詞組、從句的替代是否正確。致；上下文中的詞、詞組、從句的替代是否正確。模塊模塊4 4 題型分類題型分類 例例1 120102010浙江浙江 “ “I didnt think I didnt think she looked like Grandma.” “Neither did she looked like Grandma.” “Neither did me.” said Mother cheerfully. me.” said

15、 Mother cheerfully. 【解析解析】 考查代詞的格?？疾榇~的格。meme改為改為I I。 這是一個(gè)倒裝句，作主語，應(yīng)用主格。這是一個(gè)倒裝句，作主語，應(yīng)用主格。模塊模塊4 4 題型分類題型分類 例例2 220102010陜西陜西 My sister wanted get My sister wanted get out of the shop as fast as she could when a out of the shop as fast as she could when a shop assistant came over to us.shop assistant c

16、ame over to us. 【解析解析】 考查詞的遺漏?？疾樵~的遺漏。wantedwanted后加后加 toto。want to do want to do sthsth. .為固定用法。為固定用法。模塊模塊4 4 題型分類題型分類 例例3 320102010陜西陜西 My sister saw a My sister saw a lovely cup when we are shopping the other lovely cup when we are shopping the other day. She liked it at once. day. She liked it at

17、 once. 【解析解析】 考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)?？疾閯?dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。areare改為改為 werewere。時(shí)間狀語為時(shí)間狀語為the other day(the other day(不久前某一天；幾天不久前某一天；幾天以前以前) )，所以應(yīng)該用一般過去時(shí)。，所以應(yīng)該用一般過去時(shí)。模塊模塊4 4 題型分類題型分類 例例4 420102010海南寧夏海南寧夏 Without a moments Without a moments delay, his neighbor picked up the box but delay, his neighbor picked up the box but anno

18、uncedannounced：“Ill take them.”Ill take them.” 【解析解析】 考查連詞?？疾檫B詞。butbut改為改為andand。很顯然，。很顯然，拿起來和宣布說拿起來和宣布說“我買了我買了”是并列、承接關(guān)系，是并列、承接關(guān)系，所以要用并列連詞所以要用并列連詞andand。 應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛模塊模塊4 4 應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛短文改錯(cuò)一直是考生在應(yīng)考時(shí)失分較多的題型。短文改錯(cuò)一直是考生在應(yīng)考時(shí)失分較多的題型。這主要是因?yàn)樵O(shè)錯(cuò)的內(nèi)容多為學(xué)生在平常進(jìn)行語言這主要是因?yàn)樵O(shè)錯(cuò)的內(nèi)容多為學(xué)生在平常進(jìn)行語言操練時(shí)常犯的錯(cuò)誤。比如：寫作中用到的關(guān)鍵詞，操練時(shí)常犯的錯(cuò)誤。比如：寫作中用到的

19、關(guān)鍵詞，語言學(xué)習(xí)中的負(fù)遷移現(xiàn)象，容易忽視的虛詞、小品語言學(xué)習(xí)中的負(fù)遷移現(xiàn)象，容易忽視的虛詞、小品詞等。做好短文改錯(cuò)題應(yīng)注重以下技巧：詞等。做好短文改錯(cuò)題應(yīng)注重以下技巧：模塊模塊4 4 應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛 一、謹(jǐn)記答題原則一、謹(jǐn)記答題原則 1 1“規(guī)范性規(guī)范性”原則：要嚴(yán)格按照示范規(guī)定的原則：要嚴(yán)格按照示范規(guī)定的符號(hào)改錯(cuò)，切勿離開文后的符號(hào)改錯(cuò)，切勿離開文后的 10 10 道橫線在原文的道橫線在原文的字里行間勾勾畫畫、涂涂改改。要記住字里行間勾勾畫畫、涂涂改改。要記住“”“”、“”、“”“”、“”分別表示準(zhǔn)確無誤、錯(cuò)分別表示準(zhǔn)確無誤、錯(cuò)詞糾正、缺詞填補(bǔ)、多詞刪除。切忌用文字說明詞糾正、缺詞填補(bǔ)、多

20、詞刪除。切忌用文字說明或用箭頭表示?；蛴眉^表示。模塊模塊4 4 應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛 2 2“四不改四不改”原則：單詞拼寫不改。大原則：單詞拼寫不改。大小寫不改。詞序錯(cuò)誤不改小寫不改。詞序錯(cuò)誤不改( (應(yīng)從錯(cuò)詞或少詞方面應(yīng)從錯(cuò)詞或少詞方面考慮考慮) )。標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)不改。標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)不改。模塊模塊4 4 應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛 3 3“五改動(dòng)五改動(dòng)”原則：忠實(shí)于原文原則原則：忠實(shí)于原文原則( (不不可改變?cè)牡脑饪筛淖冊(cè)牡脑? )。一對(duì)一原則。一對(duì)一原則( (一行一錯(cuò)，一行一錯(cuò)，一錯(cuò)一詞一錯(cuò)一詞) )。錯(cuò)誤以改動(dòng)最少為原則。虛詞。錯(cuò)誤以改動(dòng)最少為原則。虛詞以添加或者刪除為原則。實(shí)詞以改變形式為原以添加或

21、者刪除為原則。實(shí)詞以改變形式為原則。則。模塊模塊4 4 應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛二、二、 規(guī)律常見錯(cuò)誤規(guī)律常見錯(cuò)誤 1 1“不一致性不一致性”錯(cuò)誤錯(cuò)誤主要包括：主、謂語不一致；時(shí)態(tài)不一致；語態(tài)不主要包括：主、謂語不一致；時(shí)態(tài)不一致；語態(tài)不一致；名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)不一致；代詞指代不一致；一致；名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)不一致；代詞指代不一致；搭配不一致等。搭配不一致等。模塊模塊4 4 應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛例例1 120102010全國全國 My teachers have My teachers have been telling me how great my writing was. been telling me h

22、ow great my writing was. 【解析解析】 考查時(shí)態(tài)一致?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)一致。havehave改為改為hadhad。上下文時(shí)態(tài)要一致，原文的主時(shí)態(tài)是過去時(shí)，上下文時(shí)態(tài)要一致，原文的主時(shí)態(tài)是過去時(shí)，因此因此havehave也要用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)。也要用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)。模塊模塊4 4 應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛例例2 220102010全國全國 Before her leaving, Before her leaving, I prepared a gift to show my best wishes I prepared a gift to show my best wishes to hi

23、m.to him. 【解析解析】 考查代詞的指代一致?？疾榇~的指代一致。him him 改改為為herher。根據(jù)語境可知，后文的。根據(jù)語境可知，后文的himhim其實(shí)是指其實(shí)是指herher。模塊模塊4 4 應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛 例例3 320102010重慶重慶 he will say some he will say some words that is nice and warm. Still, your words that is nice and warm. Still, your happiness makes him happy too.happiness makes him h

24、appy too. 【解析解析】 考查主、謂語一致?？疾橹?、謂語一致。isis改為改為areare。thatthat代指先行詞代指先行詞wordswords，所以謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)，所以謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。數(shù)。模塊模塊4 4 應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛2 2“行文邏輯行文邏輯”錯(cuò)誤錯(cuò)誤 這種錯(cuò)誤主要是運(yùn)用行文邏輯，考查連接手段。這種錯(cuò)誤主要是運(yùn)用行文邏輯，考查連接手段。謹(jǐn)記兩種句式：并列句謹(jǐn)記兩種句式：并列句( (并列連詞并列連詞) )，復(fù)合句，復(fù)合句( (從屬從屬連詞連詞) )；六種關(guān)系：轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，選擇關(guān)系，層遞關(guān)；六種關(guān)系：轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，選擇關(guān)系，層遞關(guān)系，并列關(guān)系，因果關(guān)系，同位關(guān)系；一種變化：系，并列關(guān)系

25、，因果關(guān)系，同位關(guān)系；一種變化：語義的曲折變化。如：肯定與否定，方位與時(shí)空的語義的曲折變化。如：肯定與否定，方位與時(shí)空的轉(zhuǎn)移等。轉(zhuǎn)移等。模塊模塊4 4 應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛例例1 120102010浙江浙江 After we left, I After we left, I said, “That was very nice of you, Mother. said, “That was very nice of you, Mother. So I didnt think she looked like So I didnt think she looked like Grandma.” “Nei

26、ther did .” said Mother Grandma.” “Neither did .” said Mother cheerfully. cheerfully. 【解析解析】 考查行文邏輯?？疾樾形倪壿?。So So 改為改為ButBut。根。根據(jù)前后語境，此處應(yīng)表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。據(jù)前后語境，此處應(yīng)表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。 模塊模塊4 4 應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛 例例2 220092009全國全國 Besides the Besides the bookstore next to our middle school is still bookstore next to our middle school

27、is still there.there. 【解析解析】 考查行文邏輯?？疾樾形倪壿嫛esides Besides 改為改為ButBut。根據(jù)前后語境，此處應(yīng)表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系而非遞進(jìn)關(guān)根據(jù)前后語境，此處應(yīng)表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系而非遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。系。模塊模塊4 4 應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛 例例3 320092009全國全國 So I helped them So I helped them go to the nearest hospital. I stayed here go to the nearest hospital. I stayed here for one and a half hoursfor one

28、 and a half hours 【解析解析】 考查行文邏輯?？疾樾形倪壿?。herehere改為改為therethere。根據(jù)前后語境可知，這里的方位應(yīng)是根據(jù)前后語境可知，這里的方位應(yīng)是“那那兒兒”。模塊模塊4 4 應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛 3 3“平行結(jié)構(gòu)平行結(jié)構(gòu)”錯(cuò)誤錯(cuò)誤 平行結(jié)構(gòu)是指兩個(gè)或更多的詞、詞組或從句平行結(jié)構(gòu)是指兩個(gè)或更多的詞、詞組或從句具有相似或相等的句法功能。在表達(dá)相互平行的具有相似或相等的句法功能。在表達(dá)相互平行的概念時(shí)，要使用相同的語法結(jié)構(gòu)，即動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞概念時(shí)，要使用相同的語法結(jié)構(gòu)，即動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞相配，形容詞與形容詞相配，分詞與分詞相配，相配，形容詞與形容詞相配，分詞與分詞相配，

29、不定式與不定式相配，短語與短語相配。平行結(jié)不定式與不定式相配，短語與短語相配。平行結(jié)構(gòu)經(jīng)常借助于并列連詞構(gòu)經(jīng)常借助于并列連詞andand，butbut，oror或連詞詞組或連詞詞組not onlynot onlybut alsobut also，notnotbutbut，eithereitheroror，neitherneithernornor，as well asas well as等。等。模塊模塊4 4 應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛 例例1 1 As we climbed the mountain, we As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visi

30、ting temples and told fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. stories. 【解析解析】 考查平行謂語結(jié)構(gòu)?？疾槠叫兄^語結(jié)構(gòu)。visitingvisiting改改為為visitedvisited。根據(jù)句法，。根據(jù)句法，visitingvisiting在時(shí)態(tài)上應(yīng)在時(shí)態(tài)上應(yīng)和和fed, toldfed, told保持一致。保持一致。模塊模塊4 4 應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛 例例2 2Do some nice things for your Do some nice things for your parentsparents

31、like cooking, doing the dishing, like cooking, doing the dishing, or clean the floors. or clean the floors. 【解析解析】 考查平行賓語結(jié)構(gòu)?？疾槠叫匈e語結(jié)構(gòu)。cleanclean改為改為cleaningcleaning。根據(jù)句法，。根據(jù)句法，cleanclean和和cooking, doingcooking, doing做介詞做介詞likelike的賓語。的賓語。模塊模塊4 4 應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛 例例3 3Charles and Linda Mason do all Charles an

32、d Linda Mason do all their things as well as climbed building. their things as well as climbed building. 【解析解析】 考查平行謂語結(jié)構(gòu)?？疾槠叫兄^語結(jié)構(gòu)。climbedclimbed改為改為climbclimb。climbclimb和和dodo是由是由as well asas well as連接的平行連接的平行謂語，時(shí)態(tài)上應(yīng)保持一致。謂語，時(shí)態(tài)上應(yīng)保持一致。模塊模塊4 4 應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛 例例4 4On the other hand, 40% think that On the othe

33、r hand, 40% think that fees should be charged because you need fees should be charged because you need money to pay gardeners and other workers, money to pay gardeners and other workers, and buy plants and young trees.and buy plants and young trees. 【解析解析】 考查平行不定式結(jié)構(gòu)?？疾槠叫胁欢ㄊ浇Y(jié)構(gòu)。buybuy前加前加toto。根據(jù)句法，。根據(jù)

34、句法，buybuy應(yīng)和應(yīng)和to pay gardenersto pay gardeners保保持一致。持一致。模塊模塊4 4 應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛 4 4“詞性、詞形詞性、詞形”錯(cuò)誤錯(cuò)誤 主要包括名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)變化、代詞的詞形變主要包括名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)變化、代詞的詞形變化以及形容詞和副詞的詞形變化。弄清詞性與詞化以及形容詞和副詞的詞形變化。弄清詞性與詞性之間的相互修飾關(guān)系。比如：形容詞修飾名詞，性之間的相互修飾關(guān)系。比如：形容詞修飾名詞，副詞修飾形容詞、動(dòng)詞、分詞等。副詞修飾形容詞、動(dòng)詞、分詞等。模塊模塊4 4 應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛 例例1 120102010四川四川 And after many And

35、after many attempts, she past her driving test and attempts, she past her driving test and told her husband thattold her husband that，to release, he was to release, he was going togoing to 【解析解析】 考查考查“詞形詞形”錯(cuò)誤。錯(cuò)誤。pastpast改為改為passedpassed。兩個(gè)詞發(fā)音上一樣，此處做謂語應(yīng)用。兩個(gè)詞發(fā)音上一樣，此處做謂語應(yīng)用passedpassed。模塊模塊4 4 應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛

36、例例2 220102010四川四川 “ “but I still but I still couldnt get used to itin fact, Ive couldnt get used to itin fact, Ive nearly killed three peoples.”nearly killed three peoples.” 【解析解析】 考查考查“詞形詞形”錯(cuò)誤。錯(cuò)誤。peoplespeoples改為改為peoplepeople。peoplepeople是集合名詞，本身表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，是集合名詞，本身表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，不需加不需加“s”s”。模塊模塊4 4 應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛 例

37、例3 320102010遼寧遼寧 she worn black she worn black sports shoes and a black sweater, although sports shoes and a black sweater, although in the in the summer.Shesummer.She was, in fact, rather was, in fact, rather attractivelyattractively， 【解析解析】 考查考查“詞性詞性”錯(cuò)誤。錯(cuò)誤。attractivelyattractively改為改為attractiveatt

38、ractive。做表語，用形容詞。做表語，用形容詞。模塊模塊4 4 應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛 5 5“動(dòng)詞的變化動(dòng)詞的變化”錯(cuò)誤錯(cuò)誤 主要包括時(shí)態(tài)的詞形變化、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的詞形主要包括時(shí)態(tài)的詞形變化、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的詞形變化、非謂語動(dòng)詞的詞形變化以及第三人稱單數(shù)變化、非謂語動(dòng)詞的詞形變化以及第三人稱單數(shù)等。等。模塊模塊4 4 應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛 例例1 120102010浙江浙江 “Excuse me “Excuse me，” ” she she said, put her arm around the unhappy old said, put her arm around the unhappy old wo

39、man.woman. 【解析解析】 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。putput改為改為puttingputting。此處是分詞短語作伴隨狀語。此時(shí)。此處是分詞短語作伴隨狀語。此時(shí)是主謂關(guān)系，故用是主謂關(guān)系，故用puttingputting。模塊模塊4 4 應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛 例例2 220102010浙江浙江 I noticed Mother I noticed Mother looking at a nearby table occupy by an looking at a nearby table occupy by an elderly woman and a young couple

40、.elderly woman and a young couple. 【解析解析】 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。occupyoccupy改為改為occupiedoccupied。此處是分詞短語作后置定語，。此處是分詞短語作后置定語，occupy occupy 與與tabletable是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用過去分詞。是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用過去分詞。模塊模塊4 4 應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛 例例3 320102010重慶重慶 After hear your sad After hear your sad stories, he will say some words that are stories, he

41、will say some words that are nice and warm.nice and warm. 【解析解析】 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。hearhear改為改為hearinghearing。afterafter是介詞，后接名詞或動(dòng)詞是介詞，后接名詞或動(dòng)詞 inging形式。形式。模塊模塊4 4 應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛 6 6“特殊疑問詞特殊疑問詞”“”“連詞連詞”和和“引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞”錯(cuò)誤錯(cuò)誤 特別是特別是whichwhich和和thatthat引導(dǎo)定語從句、抽象名引導(dǎo)定語從句、抽象名詞后面常常跟詞后面常常跟thatthat引導(dǎo)的同位語從句等。引導(dǎo)的同位語從句等。模塊模塊4

42、4 應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛 例例1 120102010重慶重慶 Here is my idea Here is my idea about how a friend is like.about how a friend is like. 【解析解析】 考查特殊疑問詞?？疾樘厥庖蓡栐~。how how 改為改為whatwhat。由。由whatwhat引導(dǎo)賓語從句，從句中引導(dǎo)賓語從句，從句中l(wèi)ikelike缺賓缺賓語。語。模塊模塊4 4 應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛 例例2 220092009海南寧夏海南寧夏 No lectures this No lectures this morning so I think I

43、d email you and let morning so I think Id email you and let you know what things are going.you know what things are going. 【解析解析】 考查特殊疑問詞?？疾樘厥庖蓡栐~。whatwhat改為改為howhow。句意是如何讓對(duì)方知道情況的進(jìn)展，故應(yīng)用為句意是如何讓對(duì)方知道情況的進(jìn)展，故應(yīng)用為howhow。模塊模塊4 4 應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛 7 7“多詞多詞”錯(cuò)誤錯(cuò)誤 多詞錯(cuò)誤一般有如下幾種類型：多詞錯(cuò)誤一般有如下幾種類型：1)1)受母語思受母語思維影響，出現(xiàn)漢語式結(jié)構(gòu)，造成冗言；

44、維影響，出現(xiàn)漢語式結(jié)構(gòu)，造成冗言；2)2)不明詞不明詞義內(nèi)涵，造成詞義重疊；義內(nèi)涵，造成詞義重疊；3)3)介詞多余；介詞多余；4)4)助動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞多余；系動(dòng)詞多余；5)5)多冠詞；多冠詞；6)6)定語從句中的成分重定語從句中的成分重復(fù)；復(fù)；7)7)程度副詞和頻率副詞，如程度副詞和頻率副詞，如 muchmuch，moremore，oftenoften等的多余；等的多余；8)8)多余小品詞多余小品詞toto等。等。模塊模塊4 4 應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛 例例1 120102010浙江浙江 The woman smiled The woman smiled happily as she acce

45、pted to it.happily as she accepted to it. 【解析解析】 考查多余小品詞。去掉考查多余小品詞。去掉toto。acceptaccept是及物動(dòng)詞，其后直接接名詞或代是及物動(dòng)詞，其后直接接名詞或代詞作賓語。詞作賓語。模塊模塊4 4 應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛 例例2 220102010遼寧遼寧 I never knew much I never knew much about her except for that she was strange. about her except for that she was strange. 【解析解析】 考查多余介詞。去掉考

46、查多余介詞。去掉forfor。except except thatthat直接接賓語從句，無需再用直接接賓語從句，無需再用for for 模塊模塊4 4 應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛 例例3 3David pointed to a path which it David pointed to a path which it he thought would probably lead to a he thought would probably lead to a village. village. 【解析解析】 考查語義重疊。去掉考查語義重疊。去掉 itit。itit與其與其前的關(guān)系代詞前的關(guān)系代詞 w

47、hich which 語義重復(fù)。語義重復(fù)。模塊模塊4 4 應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛 8 8“缺詞缺詞”錯(cuò)誤錯(cuò)誤 缺詞現(xiàn)象常見有：缺詞現(xiàn)象常見有：1)1)缺系動(dòng)詞；缺系動(dòng)詞；2) 2) 缺介詞；缺介詞；3) 3) 缺冠詞、物主代詞等限定詞；缺冠詞、物主代詞等限定詞；4) 4) 在定語從句在定語從句中缺關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞；中缺關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞；5) 5) 缺連接詞；缺連接詞； 6) 6) 缺否定詞；缺否定詞； 7) 7) 缺不定式符號(hào)缺不定式符號(hào)toto等。等。模塊模塊4 4 應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛 例例1 120102010全國全國 So if they had So if they had said wa

48、s true, I would have a chance of said was true, I would have a chance of winning the prize.winning the prize. 【解析解析】 考查連接詞的缺失?？疾檫B接詞的缺失。ifif后加后加whatwhat。whatwhat引導(dǎo)主語從句，在句中意為引導(dǎo)主語從句，在句中意為“的話的話”。模塊模塊4 4 應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛 例例2 220102010四川四川 “Well, it is all “Well, it is all because of the business of driving on be

49、cause of the business of driving on right.” She said.right.” She said. 【解析解析】 考查冠詞的缺失?？疾楣谠~的缺失。rightright前加前加thethe。方位名詞前要加定冠詞方位名詞前要加定冠詞thethe。模塊模塊4 4 應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛 例例3 3The World Health Organization and The World Health Organization and other organizations are working improve other organizations are work

50、ing improve health all over the world. health all over the world. 【解析解析】 考查詞的缺失?？疾樵~的缺失。improveimprove前加前加 toto。to improveto improve此處是不定式短語作目的狀語。此處是不定式短語作目的狀語。 模塊模塊4 4 應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛 三、三、 尊重解題步驟尊重解題步驟 1 1通讀全文，掌握大意通讀全文，掌握大意 短文改錯(cuò)不同于單句改錯(cuò)，它涉及行文邏短文改錯(cuò)不同于單句改錯(cuò)，它涉及行文邏輯及句子與句子間必要的聯(lián)系錯(cuò)誤。單獨(dú)看可輯及句子與句子間必要的聯(lián)系錯(cuò)誤。單獨(dú)看可能是對(duì)的，但從

51、整體看可能上下文不符。做短能是對(duì)的，但從整體看可能上下文不符。做短文改錯(cuò)時(shí)應(yīng)該樹立整體意識(shí)，應(yīng)從短文整體入文改錯(cuò)時(shí)應(yīng)該樹立整體意識(shí)，應(yīng)從短文整體入手，因?yàn)槎涛母腻e(cuò)題實(shí)際上間接地考查學(xué)生的手，因?yàn)槎涛母腻e(cuò)題實(shí)際上間接地考查學(xué)生的文意理解和糾錯(cuò)能力，所以考生必須在閱讀并文意理解和糾錯(cuò)能力，所以考生必須在閱讀并模塊模塊4 4 應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛且在理解了文章的基礎(chǔ)上去發(fā)現(xiàn)并改正錯(cuò)誤。且在理解了文章的基礎(chǔ)上去發(fā)現(xiàn)并改正錯(cuò)誤。因此，事先應(yīng)該先快速粗讀一遍短文，留心文因此，事先應(yīng)該先快速粗讀一遍短文，留心文中關(guān)鍵的詞句，把握文章的大意及上下文之間中關(guān)鍵的詞句，把握文章的大意及上下文之間的聯(lián)系，為下一步判斷和

52、改錯(cuò)奠定基礎(chǔ)。的聯(lián)系，為下一步判斷和改錯(cuò)奠定基礎(chǔ)。模塊模塊4 4 應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛 2 2整句理解，逐行分析整句理解，逐行分析 因?yàn)槎涛母腻e(cuò)題的特征是分行設(shè)置錯(cuò)誤因?yàn)槎涛母腻e(cuò)題的特征是分行設(shè)置錯(cuò)誤的，而不是以句子為一個(gè)單位設(shè)置錯(cuò)誤的。的，而不是以句子為一個(gè)單位設(shè)置錯(cuò)誤的。所以考生在進(jìn)行改錯(cuò)時(shí)必須在通讀全文的基所以考生在進(jìn)行改錯(cuò)時(shí)必須在通讀全文的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)照上下文逐行逐字細(xì)讀，分行判斷，礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)照上下文逐行逐字細(xì)讀，分行判斷，理清句意，找出上下文之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系及其理清句意，找出上下文之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系及其行文邏輯關(guān)系，檢查句子的結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整。行文邏輯關(guān)系，檢查句子的結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整?？傊诜治鼍渥舆^程

53、中，考生應(yīng)對(duì)每總之，在分析句子過程中，考生應(yīng)對(duì)每模塊模塊4 4 應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛句話的句子成分進(jìn)行分析，根據(jù)上文講的錯(cuò)句話的句子成分進(jìn)行分析，根據(jù)上文講的錯(cuò)誤類型確定主謂是否一致、動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)搭配是誤類型確定主謂是否一致、動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)搭配是否合理、時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)是否正確、非謂語動(dòng)詞的否合理、時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)是否正確、非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式是否正確、是否多詞或少詞、句子與句形式是否正確、是否多詞或少詞、句子與句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系是否正確以及上下文的意子之間的邏輯關(guān)系是否正確以及上下文的意思是否連貫。思是否連貫。模塊模塊4 4 應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛 3 3復(fù)讀全文，檢查核對(duì)復(fù)讀全文，檢查核對(duì) 回頭重讀全文驗(yàn)證答案，將初步改錯(cuò)的短文

54、回頭重讀全文驗(yàn)證答案，將初步改錯(cuò)的短文再次細(xì)讀。在復(fù)讀檢查過程中，特別是上下文的再次細(xì)讀。在復(fù)讀檢查過程中，特別是上下文的聯(lián)系，既要重視文字、句子的字面意思，又要弄聯(lián)系，既要重視文字、句子的字面意思，又要弄清文字段落的內(nèi)在含義和內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系及篇章結(jié)清文字段落的內(nèi)在含義和內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系及篇章結(jié)構(gòu)?？村e(cuò)誤類型的比例是否得當(dāng)、前后邏輯是否構(gòu)?？村e(cuò)誤類型的比例是否得當(dāng)、前后邏輯是否一致、有無前后矛盾等現(xiàn)象。一致、有無前后矛盾等現(xiàn)象。專題一專題一 記敘文記敘文 真題再現(xiàn)專題一專題一 真題再現(xiàn)真題再現(xiàn) 20102010全國全國 Christie was one of my best friend at Ch

55、ristie was one of my best friend at high school. 1._high school. 1._At that time, we often spend time together. At that time, we often spend time together. 2._ 2._Thank to her help, I made great progress in Thank to her help, I made great progress in my 3._my 3._study. Last year, she decided to stud

56、y abroad. study. Last year, she decided to study abroad. In 4._In 4._專題一專題一 真題再現(xiàn)真題再現(xiàn)other words, we would be separated for other words, we would be separated for long time. 5._long time. 5._Before her leaving off, I prepared a gift Before her leaving off, I prepared a gift to show 6._to show 6._my b

57、est wishes to him. She said it was the my best wishes to him. She said it was the best 7._best 7._專題一專題一 真題再現(xiàn)真題再現(xiàn)gift she has ever had. From then on, gift she has ever had. From then on, weve 8._weve 8._kept touch with each other through emails. kept touch with each other through emails. I 9._I 9._l

58、ook forward to see her again in the near look forward to see her again in the near future. 10._future. 10._專題一專題一 真題再現(xiàn)真題再現(xiàn)參考答案：參考答案： 1 1friendfriendsfriendfriendsone of one of 后接名詞復(fù)后接名詞復(fù)數(shù)。數(shù)。 2 2spendspentspendspentat that timeat that time表示過去表示過去發(fā)生的事情。發(fā)生的事情。 3 3ThankThanksThankThanksthanks to thanks

59、 to 是固定短語，是固定短語，“多虧了，因?yàn)槎嗵澚?，因?yàn)椤薄?4 4 5 5forfor后加后加a a專題一專題一 真題再現(xiàn)真題再現(xiàn) 6 6去掉去掉offoffleave leave 已經(jīng)表示離開之意，已經(jīng)表示離開之意，offoff多余。多余。 7 7himherhimher代詞使用要一致。代詞使用要一致。 8 8hashadhashad時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤，應(yīng)為過去完成時(shí)。時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤，應(yīng)為過去完成時(shí)。 9 9keptkept后加后加inin 10 10seeseeingseeseeinglook forward tolook forward to中的中的toto是介詞，后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用動(dòng)名詞形式。是介詞，

60、后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用動(dòng)名詞形式。 專題預(yù)測專題一專題一 專題預(yù)測專題預(yù)測 ( (一一) ) My classmates and I worked as volunteer My classmates and I worked as volunteer in Beijing 1._in Beijing 1._Paralympics in September 13.Early in the Paralympics in September 13.Early in the morning at 7morning at 7：2020， 2._2._we gathered at the National St

61、adium, namely we gathered at the National Stadium, namely the Birds Nest. 3._the Birds Nest. 3._Then we got into it and ten minutes late, we Then we got into it and ten minutes late, we started to do 4._started to do 4._專題一專題一 專題預(yù)測專題預(yù)測some some cleaning.Fromcleaning.From 9 9：00 am to 400 am to 4：00

62、pm, we 00 pm, we tried our best help 5._tried our best help 5._the disabled athletes to get ready for the disabled athletes to get ready for their competitions, leading the their competitions, leading the 6._ 6._audience to their seats and keep audience to their seats and keep order.Itorder.It was u

63、ntil 12was until 12：00 am that we 00 am that we 7._ 7._專題一專題一 專題預(yù)測專題預(yù)測had lunch and took a rest, which last had lunch and took a rest, which last about an about an hour.Wehour.We stopped stopped 8._ 8._working at 4working at 4：00 00 pm.Thoughpm.Though it was a tired it was a tired job, we felt 9._jo

64、b, we felt 9._that it an honor to serve the disabled that it an honor to serve the disabled friends from all over the world. friends from all over the world. 10._ 10._專題一專題一 專題預(yù)測專題預(yù)測參考答案：參考答案： ( (一一) ) 1 1volunteervolunteersvolunteervolunteers2.inon2.inon 3.4 3.4latelaterlatelater5.help5.help前加前加tot

65、o 6.leadinglead 6.leadinglead 7 7在在untiluntil前加前加 notnot8.lastlasted8.lastlasted 9.tiredtiring 9.tiredtiring 10 10去掉去掉thatthat或在或在itit后加后加waswas專題一專題一 專題預(yù)測專題預(yù)測 ( (二二) ) My birthday is coming. Father asked me My birthday is coming. Father asked me how I would 1._how I would 1._want as my birthday pre

66、sent. I told him I want as my birthday present. I told him I need no present but 2._need no present but 2._a party. Father said OK. When I recited a party. Father said OK. When I recited the name of my seventhe name of my seven 3._ 3._friends I planned to invite, he wondered friends I planned to invite, he wondered why his guest list didntwhy his guest list didnt 4._ 4._專題一專題一 專題預(yù)測專題預(yù)測include my new neighbor Tom. I told him I include my new neighbor Tom. I told him I didnt like to be withdidnt l