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1、 被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài) （The Passive Voice）中考英語語法專項復習動詞系列講座之：一、語態(tài)概述 所謂語態(tài)是指主語和謂語動詞的關系。語態(tài)分為主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。當主語為謂語動詞所表示的動作的發(fā)出者時，謂語動詞要用主動語態(tài)；當主語為謂語動詞的所表示動作的承受者或對象時，謂語動詞用被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)都有不同的時態(tài)。Eg1. The students clean the classroom every day. 主語 謂語 賓語 學生們每天都打掃教室。 （主語the students是打掃教室這一動作發(fā)出者。）Eg2. The classroom is cleaned every

2、 day. 主語 謂語 教室每天都要打掃。(主語the classroom 是謂語動詞clean這一動作的承受者。)二、被動語態(tài)的用法1. 不知道動作的執(zhí)行者是誰。 Eg1. This watch is made in China. 2. 沒有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者是誰。 Eg1. More trees must be planted every year. 3. 需要強調或突出動作的承受者時。 Eg1. Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world. (強調漢語的適用范圍廣泛)4. 動作的發(fā)出者不是人時。 Eg1. Many ho

3、uses were washed away in the flood. 三、被動語態(tài)的構成 被動語態(tài)的基本構成為： 助動詞助動詞be +及物動詞的過去分詞及物動詞的過去分詞各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)都是由基本構成推演出來的，具體表現(xiàn)為：1. 一般現(xiàn)在時 主語 + am/is/are +及物動詞的過去分詞+ 其他 Eg1. The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 2. 一般過去時 主語 + was/were +及物動詞的過去分詞 + 其他 Eg1. The kite was made by him yesterday.3. 現(xiàn)在進行時 主語

4、 + am/is/ are being + 及物動詞的過去分詞 + 其他 Eg1. A new teaching building is being built in our school now. 4. 過去進行時 主語 + was/were being +及物動詞的過去分詞 + 其他 Eg1. A letter was being written by her at this time yesterday. 5. 一般將來時 主語 + will/shall/be going to be +及物動詞的過去分詞 + 其他Eg1. More new teaching buildings will

5、 be built in the countryside next year. 6. 現(xiàn)在完成時 主語 + have/has been + 及物動詞的過去分詞 + 其他 Eg1. The work has been done by him already. 7. 過去完成時 主語 + had been + 及物動詞的過去分詞 + 其他 Eg1. The homework had been finished by him before 7 pm yesterday. 8. 過去將來時 主語 + would/should/(was/were) going to be +及物動詞的過去分詞 + 其他

6、 Eg1. My mother said a big birthday cake would be made for me by her.9. 含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài) 主語 + 情態(tài)動詞 be + 及物動詞的過去分詞 + 其他 Eg1. The work can be done in a new way. 四、主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的基本步驟1. 把主動句中的賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳渲械闹髡Z（如是人稱代詞要由賓格變?yōu)橹鞲瘢?. 謂語動詞由主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)。3. 主動句中的主語變?yōu)橛蒪y引導的賓語（人稱代詞由主格變?yōu)橘e格）。4. 其他成分照抄。Eg1. People speak English in

7、England. 主語 謂語 賓語 其它成分 English is spoken by people in England. 1、帶雙賓語的謂語動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài) 謂語動詞帶雙賓語時，既可以將間接賓語轉化為主語，也可以將直接賓語轉化為主語。若將間接賓語轉化為主語，則保留直接賓語；若將直接賓語轉化為主語則保留間接賓語，且在被保留的間接賓語前加上介詞to或for。 Eg1. She gave me a book. (改為被動語態(tài)) -I was given a book. (間接賓語改為主語) -A book was given to me. (直接賓語改為主語)2、動詞短語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài) 許多由不及

8、物動詞和介詞、副詞構成的動詞短語相當于及物動詞，可以有賓語，也可以有被動語態(tài)。但是動詞短語是個不可分割的整體，在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，不可丟掉構成動詞短語的介詞或副詞。Eg1. We should speak to old men politely. (改為被動語態(tài)) -Old men should be spoken to politely. (to不可省略) 3、帶復合賓語的的動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài) 賓語加上賓語補足語一起構成復合賓語。變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，只把賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z，賓語補足語仍保留在原處，成為主語補足語。 Eg1. I heard Jane playing the piano in her

9、 room. (改為被動語態(tài)) -Jane was heard playing the piano in her room. 4、在主動句中感官動詞(feel/see/hear/watch/notice)和使役動詞(let/make/have)后接省略to的動詞不定式做賓語補足語，變?yōu)楸粍泳鋾r省略的to要重新加上去。 Eg1. He makes the girl stay at home. (改為被動語態(tài)) -The girl is made to stay at home. Eg2. Last Sunday we heard them sing Beijing Opera in the th

10、eater. (改為被動語態(tài)) -They were heard to sing Beijing Opera in the theater last Sunday. 五、被動語態(tài)的特殊形式五、被動語態(tài)的特殊形式have / get / make sth. done “使使/讓某事物被做讓某事物被做”u have my hair cut Eg1. I had my hair cut yesterday.u get my bike repaired Eg1. My bike is broken. I have to get it repaired.u get the ears pierced Eg

11、1. Students at school cant get their ears pierced.六、以主動的形式表示被動的含義的情況：1、一些表示事物感官特性的動詞如: look(看起來), sound(聽起來), smell(聞起來), taste(嘗起來), feel(摸起來)當主語為物體時，一般用主動形式表示被動含義。Eg1. The idea sounds interesting. 這個主意聽起來有趣。Eg2. This kind of cloth feels very soft. 這種布料摸起來很軟。2、write, sell, wash, cut, drive, open, l

12、ock, read, clean, burn等詞作不及物動詞時，它們的主語為物，可用主動形式表被動。Eg1. This kind of shirt sells well here.Eg2. This pen writes smoothly.Eg3. The car drives well.3、want, need, require等詞表“需要”時，后邊可跟ing形式表被動，相當于to be done.My bike needs repairing.= My bike needs to be repaired.七、江西省中考命題趨勢 江西省英語中考題每年都要涉及到被動語態(tài)，下面我們來分析2007

13、年至2011年這五年的中考原題。（2007）38.-I feel very happy that I _to be the host. -Congratulations!A. choose B. am chosen C. was chosen D. have chosen【解析】考查動詞的被動語態(tài)。判斷語態(tài)必須看主語和謂語動詞的關系。選項中的choose 為及物動詞，一般及物動詞都要接賓語，題干中橫線后面沒有出現(xiàn)賓語，就說明主語I為choose的承受者，故應用被動語態(tài)，排除主動語態(tài)的選項A和D，由題意知道被選為主持人是發(fā)生在過去的動作，不是經(jīng)常性的動作，所以用一般過去時態(tài)，故選C。C（2008

14、）39. -How many cakes can I have, Mum? -None, dear. They _for your father. A. prepare B. prepared C. have prepared D. were prepared 【解析】考查動詞的被動語態(tài)。通過審題可知答句的后一句的主語they是指前面提到的cakes，四個選項中的謂語動詞都是prepare (準備)，蛋糕只能是“被準備”的，故用被動語態(tài)，選項中只有D為被動語態(tài)。D（2009）40.I _ to get there before seven tomorrow, so Ill have to ge

15、t up early.A. told B. have told C. will tell D. was toldD【解析】考查動詞的被動語態(tài)。題干的第一分句的主語為I，四個選項中的謂語動詞都有tell，tell為及物動詞，如果I是tell這個動作的發(fā)出者，則tell后一定會有對象，而它后面沒有動作的承受者，所以我們認為I即為tell這個動作的對象，所以這個句子用被動語態(tài)，四個選項中只有D為被動語態(tài)的形式。（2010）38. -Can you tell me how to make apple juice? -Sure. Please watch carefully and you will s

16、ee how it _. A. is made B. is making C. makes D. will makeA【解析】考查動詞的被動語態(tài)。通過審題我們可知答句中的第二句see后面的賓語從句的主語it是指上面提到的apple juice，它只能是謂語動詞make（制作）的對象，故用被動語態(tài)，四個選項中只有選項A為被動語態(tài)的形式，故選A。（2011）40. -What happened to Billy? -He_ because of his drink-driving. A. is caught B. was caught C. has caught D. had caught B【解

17、析】考查動詞的被動語態(tài)。答句的主語為he，四個選項中都是catch的不同時態(tài)和語態(tài)，catch為及物動詞，如果he為catch動作的發(fā)出者，catch后面要出現(xiàn)賓語，而原句catch后面沒有賓語，所以he只能是catch動作的對象，故用被動語態(tài)；又因上句What happened to Billy?用的是一般過去時態(tài)，可知他因酒駕被抓是發(fā)生在過去的事情，故用一般過去時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)，選項B為正確答案。我省中考命題趨勢： 由上面分析可知我省每年中考都會在單項選擇題中考到一道涉及到被動語態(tài)的小題。近五年的考題基本上就涉及兩種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)-一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時，跟動詞時態(tài)題相似，題目中也沒有具體的

18、時間短語提示，時態(tài)要通過對上下文的推敲來確定，題目難度適中。預計2012年中考會延續(xù)這種趨勢，不會考得太復雜，仍將考查一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時以及含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)。八、迎考對策 1. 解答被動語態(tài)題目時，首先要判斷主語和謂語動詞的關系。如果主語是謂語動詞所表示的動作的執(zhí)行者，則用主動語態(tài)；如果主語是謂語動詞所表示動作的承受者，則用被動語態(tài)。 2. 對綜合考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)的題目，要根據(jù)語境和時間關系先確定語態(tài)，再確定時態(tài)。 3. 在平時復習備考時，要把各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)的具體構成熟記于胸，并著重記憶一些不規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞。 4. 做足量的針對性練習，提高自己的實際解題能力。九、針

19、對性練習1. George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding? -No, I _. Did they have a big wedding? A. wasnt invited B. havent invited C. havent been invited D. didnt invited 2. The baby now _ by the nurse in the hospital. A. looks after B. is looking after C. is being looked after D.

20、has looked after3. I know he wont come to the party unless he_. A. will invite B. is invited C. will be invited D. invites4. To make our city more beautiful, rubbish _ into the river. A. neednt be thrown B. mustnt be thrown C. cant throw D. may not throw5. How often _ your school sports meeting _? O

21、nce a week. A. does, hold B. was, hold C. is , held D. did, holdACBCB6. The village is building a school. I hope it _before August this year. A. finishes B. is finished C. will finished D. will be finished7. The doctor looked over Peter carefully as soon as he _to the hospital. A. takes B. is taken

22、C. took D. was taken8. Half of the work _ by now. A. has finished B. has been finished C. have been finished D. has been finishing9. Many people are made _what theyre not interested in. A. to be done B. to do C. do D. doing10. -Do you like the skirt? -Yes. It _soft and comfortable. A. is feeling B.

23、felt C. feels D. is felt11. I _ yesterday. It was broken. A. had my bike repair B. had my bike repairs C. had my bike repaired D. has my bike repaired DDBCCBEx.請將下列主動語態(tài)變成被動語態(tài)。請將下列主動語態(tài)變成被動語態(tài)。1.The farmer made the horses work the whole day. The horses_ _ _ _ the whole day.2.Mum asks the twins not to s

24、wim in the lake. The twins _ _ _ _ _ in the lake.3.I saw a mouse run into the room. A mouse _ _ _ _ into the room.4.I often hear him sing English songs. He _ often _ _ _ English songs.5. Lily took care of the baby last night. The baby _ _ _ _by Lily.6. He showed her some pictures. She _ _some pictures. Some pictures _ _ _her. were made to workare asked not to swim was seen to runis heard to singwas taken care ofwas shownwere shown to