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1、第第1414講講 非謂語動(dòng)詞非謂語動(dòng)詞 找出各句的謂語動(dòng)詞并指出其具體形式1. Dont teach fish to swim. 不要班門弄斧。1哪些是動(dòng)詞的謂語形式？哪些是動(dòng)詞的謂語形式？ dont teach，謂語動(dòng)詞否定式 2. He had a good memory like an elephant. 他以前有很好的記憶力。 3. It would be a waste of money building such a luxurious villa. 建這么豪華的別墅太浪費(fèi)錢。1 had，謂語動(dòng)詞過去式 would be，附加情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞原形 4. Light travels m

2、uch faster than sound. 光比聲音傳播速度快得多。 5. When asked why, please just keep silent. 當(dāng)問到原因時(shí)，就保持沉默。1 travels，謂語動(dòng)詞單數(shù)形式 keep，動(dòng)詞原形 6. The president was warmly welcomed by the residents. 總統(tǒng)受到了居民的熱烈歡迎。1 was welcomed，動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)形式1 謂語動(dòng)詞的形式包括主動(dòng)句各種時(shí)態(tài)下的謂語形式和被動(dòng)句各種時(shí)態(tài)下的謂語形式以及情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞連用的各種形式。 指出下列動(dòng)詞形式是謂語動(dòng)詞形式還是非謂語動(dòng)詞形式1. teach

3、es_ 2. teaching_ 3. taught_ 4. being taught_ 5. will teach_2 哪些是動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式？哪些是動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式？省略to的不定式 過去式過去分詞過去分詞省略to的不定式 6. having taught_7. has taught_8. was taught_9. teach_ 10. are teaching_2省略to的不定式 過去式過去式過去式過去式2 動(dòng)名詞，現(xiàn)在分詞，不定式與過去分詞以及它們相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)下的各種形式叫作動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式。換言之，不能作謂語的動(dòng)詞形式叫非謂語動(dòng)詞。 根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子(每空一詞)1. 因?yàn)椴话?/p>

4、時(shí)上學(xué)，他經(jīng)常受到老師批評(píng)。He is often criticized by the teacher because of _ _ to school on time.2. 因?yàn)椴恢勒嫦啵@些村民抗議修建高速公路。_ _ _ the truth, the villagers protested against building an express way.3 非謂語動(dòng)詞的否定式怎么表達(dá)？非謂語動(dòng)詞的否定式怎么表達(dá)？ not going Not having known 3. 為了不讓公眾認(rèn)出來，這個(gè)明星戴了副墨鏡。In order _ _ _ _ by the public, the s

5、tar wore a pair of sun glasses.4. 不叫你怎樣做，就先休息一會(huì)。_ _ how to do it, take a rest first. 3not to berecognized Not told3 非謂語動(dòng)詞的否定式為 not 非謂語動(dòng)詞4非謂語動(dòng)詞有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)嗎非謂語動(dòng)詞有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)嗎？ 翻譯下列句子，指出畫線部分的語法術(shù)語名稱1. Bell is generally considered to_have_invented the phone. 人們一般認(rèn)為貝爾發(fā)明了電話。to have invented：動(dòng)詞不定式的完成式。4 2. The buildin

6、g being_built is a conference center.3. Having_lived abroad for two decades, he speaks good English. 正在修建的建筑是個(gè)會(huì)議中心。being built：現(xiàn)在分詞的進(jìn)行式。 在國(guó)外生活了20年，他講一口流利的英語。having lived：現(xiàn)在分詞的完成時(shí)。4 4. All the citizens around were praised for having_made great contributions to the development of the city.5. I have a

7、lot of letters to_be_typed and you have to work overtime. 所有市民受到了表彰，因?yàn)樗麄優(yōu)槌鞘邪l(fā)展作出了重大貢獻(xiàn)。having made：動(dòng)名詞的完成式。 我有許多信要打印，你得加班了。to be typed：動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式。4 6. His_having_been_given help all the time encourages him to be brave enough to face the difficulties. 一直得到別人的幫助，這讓他有了面對(duì)困難的足夠勇氣。his having been given：動(dòng)名詞完成

8、式的被動(dòng)式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。4 非謂語動(dòng)詞不僅有時(shí)態(tài)，而且有語態(tài)，具體形式見下表 語態(tài)語態(tài)時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)態(tài)主動(dòng)主動(dòng)不定式動(dòng)名詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞一般to dodoingdoing4 非謂語動(dòng)詞不僅有時(shí)態(tài)，而且有語態(tài)，具體形式見下表 語態(tài)語態(tài)時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)態(tài)被動(dòng)被動(dòng)不定式動(dòng)名詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞一般to be donebeing donebeing done4語態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)主動(dòng)不定式動(dòng)名詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞完成to have donehaving donehaving done進(jìn)行to be doing4語態(tài)語態(tài)時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)態(tài)被動(dòng)被動(dòng)不定式動(dòng)名詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞完成to have been donehaving been done

9、having been done進(jìn)行to be being done4語態(tài)語態(tài)時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)態(tài)主動(dòng)主動(dòng)不定式動(dòng)名詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞否定式 not 非謂語動(dòng)詞(含各種時(shí)態(tài) 注意：過去分詞無所謂主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)式，有且只有一般式done4語態(tài)語態(tài)時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)態(tài)被被 動(dòng)動(dòng)不定式動(dòng)名詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞否定式not 非謂語動(dòng)詞(含各種時(shí)態(tài) 注意：過去分詞無所謂主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)式，有且只有一般式done 5 動(dòng)名詞，現(xiàn)在分詞，動(dòng)詞不定式及過去分詞在句動(dòng)名詞，現(xiàn)在分詞，動(dòng)詞不定式及過去分詞在句中作什么成分中作什么成分？ 翻譯下列句子并指出非謂語動(dòng)詞在句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?. The HR manager hurried to the ai

10、rport only to be told the plane had taken off. 那位人事經(jīng)理急匆匆趕到機(jī)場(chǎng)想不到被告知飛機(jī)已經(jīng)起飛。to be told作結(jié)果狀語。52. Talking to such a man is just like talking to a wall.3. He came running. 與 這 樣 的 人 談 話 等 于 對(duì) 牛 彈 琴 。 第 一 個(gè)“talking”短語作主語；后一個(gè)talking短語作賓語。 他跑著來了。running作方式狀語。 5 4. Taken as a whole, the 16th Asian Games are w

11、ell organized. 整體來看，第十六屆亞運(yùn)會(huì)組織得很好。taken作條件狀語。5 非謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)名詞，現(xiàn)在分詞，動(dòng)詞不定式及過去分詞在句中可充當(dāng)除謂語以外的各種成分，具體用法見下表(一般情況下) 主語謂語賓語定語狀語補(bǔ)語表語獨(dú)立成分動(dòng)名詞5主語謂語賓語定語狀語補(bǔ)語表語獨(dú)立成分現(xiàn)在分詞不定式過去分詞 翻譯下列句子，指出ing形式的不同含義并判斷其類別1. Let the sleeping dog lie.6 現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞作定語有何區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞作定語有何區(qū)別？ 不要自找麻煩(讓正在睡覺的狗躺著)。the sleeping dog 中dog與sleeping有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，即

12、“狗睡覺”(The dog is sleeping)。sleeping 是現(xiàn)在分詞。 2. A sleeping car is expensive.6 臥車是很昂貴的。a sleeping car中sleeping表示car的用途，即“用來睡覺的車”(a car for sleeping)。sleeping是動(dòng)名詞。6 動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞均可作定語，動(dòng)名詞作定語時(shí)，動(dòng)名詞表達(dá)被修飾詞的用途。現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時(shí)表達(dá)被修飾詞與該分詞邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。 翻譯下列句子，指出ing形式的不同含義并判斷其類別1. My job is teaching. 7現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞作表語有何區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞作表語有

13、何區(qū)別？ 我的職業(yè)是教書。teaching與my job是等同關(guān)系，teaching表達(dá)my job的具體內(nèi)容。表語teaching和主語my job可交換位置，即可表達(dá)為：Teaching is my job. teaching是動(dòng)名詞。 2. My job is interesting.7 我的職業(yè)很有趣。interesting與my job是修飾與被修飾關(guān)系，interesting表達(dá)my job的特征，性質(zhì)。表語interesting和主語my job不可交換位置。interesting是現(xiàn)在分詞。7 動(dòng)名詞作表語表達(dá)主語的具體內(nèi)容，此時(shí)表語與主語可交換位置?，F(xiàn)在分詞作表語表達(dá)主語的性

14、質(zhì)與特征，一般情況不可與主語交換位置。 翻譯下列句子，指出句中畫線部分充當(dāng)?shù)某煞旨捌浜x 1. The old lady hurried to the bus station to see her son off only to_be_told_the_bus_had_left.8現(xiàn)在分詞和不定式作結(jié)果狀語有何區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞和不定式作結(jié)果狀語有何區(qū)別？ 老太太匆匆趕到車站給兒子送行，想不到被告知車已開走。不定式短語to be told the bus had left作結(jié)果狀語，表達(dá)出人意料或不情愿看到的結(jié)果。 2. We reached the top of the mountain, bre

15、athing_hard. 我們到達(dá)了山頂，上氣不接下氣。分詞短語breathing hard作結(jié)果狀語，表達(dá)合乎情理的自然的結(jié)果。88 不定式(短語)作結(jié)果狀語時(shí)，前面往往有only/just修飾，表達(dá)出人意料或不情愿看到的結(jié)果；現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)作結(jié)果狀語，表達(dá)合乎情理的自然的結(jié)果。 改寫句子 1. Would you mind if I opened the window? Would you mind_ _ the window? Would you mind _ _ the window?9什么是動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)什么是動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)？ my opening me opening 2. Th

16、e meeting has been called off because Mary is on business. The meeting has been called off because of _ _on business. The meeting has been called off because of _ _on business. 9 Marys being Mary being9 為了表達(dá)動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，此時(shí)使用名詞所有格或形容詞性物主代詞動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)，此結(jié)構(gòu)叫作動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不作主語時(shí)，其中的名詞所有格可以改為普通格，物主代詞可改為賓格。如： my f

17、athers going alone my father going alone; our taking part in it us taking part in it。 10 “動(dòng)詞賓語賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞賓語賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)中賓補(bǔ)由哪些非謂語動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中賓補(bǔ)由哪些非謂語動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)詞充當(dāng)？ 用動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式完成句子，總結(jié)各組句子賓補(bǔ)的用法1. (1) Though he is unwilling to give up his choice, Ill have him_(do) so. (2) Its a waste of water having the tap _(run) while washing clot

18、hes. do running (3) Unfortunately, the basketball player had had his leg_(break) just before the match began.2. (1) I saw her _(dance) with her partner when I passed by the dancing room. (2) The CCTV camera saw the two masked men _(enter) the bank and _(run) out with a black bag. (3) Young people ar

19、e advised not to reply when they hear their names_ (call) at night. 10 brokencalled enter run dancing 3. (1) If caught _(steal) in the supermarket, the employee will be severely punished. (2) When arriving at home, the host found all the drawers _(make) upside down.10 stealing made 4. (1) He was onl

20、ine chatting, leaving his homework _(unfinish). (2) The manager went into the meeting room and left his driver _ (wait) in the car. (3) The director left his secretary _(attend) to the matter. 10 unfinishedwaiting to attend 從非謂語動(dòng)詞角度看，英語中動(dòng)詞不定式，現(xiàn)在分詞，過去分詞都可充當(dāng)賓補(bǔ)。10 11 根據(jù)提示，用with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)完成下列句子1.有如此多的工作要做，新秘書

21、感到很緊張。 _ so much work_ _， the new secretary felt stressed. 2. 讓燈通宵亮著，這個(gè)男孩早早睡覺了。 _ the light_all night long, the boy went to sleep early.什么是什么是withwith復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)？復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)？With to With burning do 3.所有的書都標(biāo)注了字母，我們很容易找到要看的書。 _ all the books _ with letters, we can find a book easily. With marked 11 “with 賓語賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)叫wi

22、th復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，其中賓補(bǔ)可由非謂語動(dòng)詞(不定式，現(xiàn)在分詞，過去分詞)，介詞，形容詞，副詞(限表方位，狀態(tài)，地點(diǎn)的副詞)及名詞充當(dāng)，在句中主要作狀語，有時(shí)可作定語。11 翻譯下列句子，指出畫線部分非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法特點(diǎn)1. I have much to_do and I cant go shopping with you. 我有許多事要做，我不能同你去買東西了。 do與被修飾詞much有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，此處用主動(dòng)形式to do為主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)用法。12什么是什么是withwith復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)？復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)？12 2. Many people have caught a bad cold. The weathe

23、r is to_blame. 許多人得了重感冒，都怪這天氣。blame與weather 有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，此處用主動(dòng)形式to blame為主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)用法。12 3. The Great Wall is worth visiting another time, I think. 我認(rèn)為長(zhǎng)城值得再游覽一次。 visit與The Great Wall 有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，此處用主動(dòng)形式visiting為主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)用法。12 4. With a lot of problems to_settle,_I am as busy as a bee. 有許多問題要解決，我忙極了。settle與problem

24、s有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，此處用主動(dòng)形式to settle為主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)用法。12 5. The plant needs watering. 這棵植物需要澆水了。water與the plant 有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，此處用主動(dòng)形式watering為主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)用法。12 6. The problem is hard to_solve. 這個(gè)問題很難解決。solve與problems 有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，此處用主動(dòng)形式to blame為主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)用法。127. The man hung around, for there was nothing to_do. 這個(gè)人逛來逛去，無事可干。do與nothing

25、有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，此處用主動(dòng)形式to do為主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)用法。翻譯各組句子，指出現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別1. (1) When spoken to, please fix your attention.(2) When speaking, please speak clearly. 128. Give me a book to_read,_please. 請(qǐng)給我一本書看。read與a book有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，此處用主動(dòng)形式to read為主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)用法。 非謂語動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)的句型有： 1. 主 has/ have/had (有) 賓語to do須注意此時(shí)“do”的動(dòng)作由主語發(fā)出。 2.

26、主 be to blame 3. 主 be (是) worth doing 4. With 賓語 to do 5. 主 needs/need/needed (實(shí)義動(dòng)詞) doing 6. 主 be (是) 形容詞 to do12 7. There is nothing to do(There is nothing to be done 意為“毫無辦法”) 8. Give/Show/Reach/Pass/Get/ sb./sth.to do12 13 動(dòng)詞在接動(dòng)名詞和不定式作賓語方面有何規(guī)律？動(dòng)詞在接動(dòng)名詞和不定式作賓語方面有何規(guī)律？ 根據(jù)漢語提示，用括號(hào)中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子 1. 你認(rèn)

27、識(shí)那個(gè)練鋼琴的女孩嗎？ Do you know the girl practicing_(play) the piano? playing 2. 出門時(shí)記得關(guān)燈。 Remember_ (turn) off the lights before you leave. 3. 我喜歡打籃球而我哥哥的愛好是游泳。 I like _(play) basketball while my elder brothers hobby is swimming. 4. 當(dāng)協(xié)議送達(dá)時(shí)，經(jīng)理拒絕簽字。 When the agreement arrived, the manager refused_(sign) up.13

28、 to turn playing to sign 英語中部分動(dòng)詞只能接動(dòng)名詞作賓語，如excuse，suggest，advise，mind, consider, admit，enjoy，appreciate，imagine，fancy，resist，practise，finish，postpone, delay, miss, risk，permit, allow等； 少數(shù)動(dòng)詞既可以接動(dòng)名詞作賓語，又可以接不定式作賓語，但意義區(qū)別很大，如： remember to do sth. “記得要做某事”，remember doing sth. “記得做過某事”；13 forget to do sth.

29、 “忘記要做某事”，forget doing sth. “忘記做過某事”； regret to do sth. “對(duì)要做某事感到遺憾”，regret doing sth. “對(duì)做過某事感到后悔”； mean doing sth. “意味著”，mean to do sth. “想要做某事”； try doing sth. “嘗試做某事”，try to do sth. “努力做某事”；13 少數(shù)動(dòng)詞既可以接動(dòng)名詞作賓語，又可以接不定式作賓語，但意義區(qū)別不大，接動(dòng)名詞作賓語時(shí)表達(dá)習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，接不定式作賓語時(shí)表達(dá)一次性動(dòng)作，如：like doing sth.表示一貫的愛好，like to do sth

30、. 表示說話者即將去做感興趣的事情。英語中有的動(dòng)詞只能接不定式作賓語，如hope，wish，expect, refuse, pretend, decide, choose, determine, ask等。13 翻譯各組句子，指出現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別1. (1) When spoken to, please fix your attention. (2) When speaking, please speak clearly. 別人對(duì)你說話時(shí)，你要專心聽。 你說話時(shí)，口齒要清晰。spoken(to) 與speaking語態(tài)不同，前者表被動(dòng)，后者表主動(dòng)。14現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞用法上有何區(qū)別？

31、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞用法上有何區(qū)別？14 2. (1) Drinking boiled water helps you recover. (2) Make sure the boiling water is out of childrens reach. 喝開水有利于你康復(fù)。 要確保把開水放在孩子夠不著的地方。boiled 與boiling 由不及物動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來，現(xiàn)在分詞表進(jìn)行(即水正在沸騰)；過去分詞表完成(水開過，但已涼下來)。14 3. (1) There is no milk left in the bottle. (2) There is no milk remaining in the bottle. 瓶子里沒剩下牛奶了。 瓶子里沒剩下牛奶了。 remaining與 left形式不同，但表達(dá)相同的意思，前者由不及物動(dòng)詞變來，后者由及物動(dòng)詞變來。 區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞要注意三點(diǎn)：現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞語態(tài)上的區(qū)別(現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)，過去分詞表被動(dòng))；現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞時(shí)態(tài)上的區(qū)別(現(xiàn)在分詞表進(jìn)行，過去分詞表完成)；現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞語義上的競(jìng)合(形式不同，意義基本一致)。 14