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1、 Lesson 1 Second One: News in Brief Tapescript 1. Freed American hostage, David Jacobsen, appealed呼吁 today for the release釋放 of the remaining captives被捕 in Lebanon, saying, "Those guys are in hell and we've got to get them home." Jacobsen made his remarks as he arrived at Wiesbaden, West

2、 Germany, accompanied陪伴 by Anglican Church envoy使者, Terry Waite, who worked to gain his release. And Waite says his efforts will continue. Jacobsen had a checkup at the air force hospital in Wiesbaden. And hospital director, Colonel Charles Moffitt says he is doing well. "Although Mr. Jacobsen i

3、s tired, our initial impression印象 is that he is physically in very good condition. It also seems that he has dealt with the stresses of his captivity囚禁 extremely well." Although Jacobsen criticized the US government's handling of the hostage situation in a videotape made during his captivity, today

4、 he thanked the Reagan Administration and said he was darn補(bǔ)綴 proud to be an American. The Reagan Administration had little to say today 　about the release of Jacobsen or the likelihood可能性 that other hostages may be freed. Boarding Air Force One in Las Vegas, the President said, "There's no way to

5、tell right now. We've been working on that. We've had heart-breaking disappointments." 2. Mr. Reagan was in Las Vegas campaigning競選 for Republican candidate共和黨候選人, Jim Santini, who is running behind Democrat, Harry Ree . 3. In Mozambique today a new president was chosen to replace Samora Ma

6、chel who died in a plane crash two weeks ago. NPR's John Madison reports: "The choice of the 130-member Central Committee中央委員會 of the ruling FRELIMO Party莫解陣線黨 was announced on Mozamlique radio this evening. He is Joaquim, 　Chissano, Mozambique's Foreign Minister, No. 3 in the Party. Chissano, wh

7、o is forty-seven, was Prime Minister of the nine-month transitional government that preceded independence from Portugal in 1975. He negotiated談判 the transfer of power with Portugal. Section Two: News in Detail Tapescript This much is clear tonight: an America,, held in L

8、ebanon almost a year and a half is free. David Jacobsen is recuperating復(fù)原 in a hospital in Wiesbaden, West Germany. Twenty-four hours earlier, Jacobsen was released in Beirut by Islamic Jihad. But this remains a mystery神秘: what precisely led to his freedom? Jacobsen will spend the next several da

9、ys in the US air force facility空軍設(shè)施 in Wiesbaden for a medical examination. Diedre Barber reports. After Preliminary初期的 medical checkups today, David Jacob's doctor said he was tired but physically in very good condition. US air force hospital commander, Charles A4offltt, said in a medical b

10、riefing this afternoon that Jacobsen had lost little weight seemed extremely fit. He joked that he would not like to take Jacobsen,'s 　challenge to reporters earlier in the day to a six-mile jog around the airport. Despite his obvious fatigue疲勞, Jacobsen spent the afternoon being examined by hospit

11、al doctors. He was also seen by a member of the special stress-management team sent from Washington. Colonel Mofritt said that after an initial evaluation初步評估 it seems as if Jacobsen coped extremely well with the stresses of his captivity. He said there was also no evidence at this point that the

12、fifty-five-year-old hospital director had been tortured折磨 or physically abused. Jacobsen seemed very alert警覺, asking detailed questions about the facilities of the Wiesbaden medical complex, according to Moffitt. So far, Jacobsen has refused to answer questions about his five hundred and twenty

13、-four days as a hostage. Speaking briefly to reporters after his arrival in Wiesbaden this morning, he said his joy at being free was somewhat diminished降低 　by his concern擔(dān)心 for the other hostages left behind. He thanked the US government and President Ronald Reagan for helping to secure得到 his rel

14、ease. Jacobsen also gave special thanks to Terry Waite, an envoy of the Archbishop of Canterbury, for his help in the negotiation協(xié)商. Waite, who accompanied Jacobsen from Beirut to Wiesbaden today, said he might be going to Beirut in several days. There are still seven American hostages being held

15、in Lebanon by different political groups. Jacobsen will be joined in Wiesbaden tomorrow by his family. Hospital, officials said they still do not know how many days Jacobsen will remain for tests and debriefing sessions before returning to the United States with his family. For National Public Ra

16、dio, this is Diedre Barber, Wiesbaden. 　 Section Three: Special Report Tapescript The leader of Chinese revolution革命, Mao Tsetong, died ten years ago today. During his lifetiime, Mao became a cult狂熱的 figure, but the current government has tried to change that. Now his tomb and enbalm

17、ed body in Beijing are just another tourist旅游 attraction. And no longer do millions of Chinese study or wave aloft在高處 the famous "Little Red Book' of Quotations語錄 from Chairman Mao. Along with the political writing, Mao wrote poetry as well, poems about the revolution, the Red Army, poems about nat

18、ure. Willis Barnstone has translated some of Mao's work and considers him an original原創(chuàng)的 master大師, one of China's most important poets. "Had he not been a revolutionary, perhaps his poetry would not have been as 　interesting because his personal poetry was the history of China. At the

19、same time because he was a famous revolutionary and leader, it has prejudiced損害 most people, almost correctly, to dismiss his poetry as simply the work of a man who achieved fame elsewhere.' 'But his work was not dismissed within China though?' 'Well, now it's almost consciously自覺地、有意地

20、 forgotten. But when I was there in '72, you could see his poems on every dining room wall, engraved on peach-pits ... During lunch hours, workers would study his poems. They were every place." 'Is there, though, a revisionist thinking within literary circles? Are people saying Mao wasn't a

21、ny good as a poet either?' "No. Well, at least in my conversations交談 in the year I recently spent in Peking teaching at the university there, I found very few people who didn't think he was a very good poet. But they did feel that his suggestions which were that people not write in the clas

22、sical style, that they write in what he called the modern style, was very repressive殘酷的. And as a result, of course, the restriction限制 of publication during the ten years of the Cultural Revolution, poetry was abysmal糟透的.' 'When you say the modern style, would that be, for example, free vers

23、e詩句?" 　 'It would be free verse as opposed to classical rhymes or classical forms." 'You write in the introduction to one of your translations of poems of Mao Tsetong that people ... you explain that leaders in China, and indeed in the East, are expected to be accomplished完成了的、熟練地 poets

24、.' 'Yes. I think that's true. The night that Tojo ... before Tojo died, he, ... in Japan, he wrote some poems. Ho Chi Minh was a poet. It was common. In fact, I think until early in the twentieth century, even to pass a bureaucratic exam, one had to know a huge number of classical forms.

25、And especially, a leader should at least be a poet.' 'There is one poem which is political in nature which has to do with a parasitic寄生的 disease in China.' 　 'Yes. Mao wrote some poems, two poems actually, about getting rid of a disease that was a plague災(zāi)難 for the country.

26、 And it's called "Saying goodbye to the God of Disease." And the poem needs annotation注解. In that sense, it’s typical of classical Chinese poetry; he makes references to earlier emperors and places. Saying Goodbye to the God of Disease Mauve waters and green mountains ar

27、e nothing When the great ancient doctor Hua Tuo Could not defeat a tiny worm. A thousand villages collapsed, were choked with weeds, Men were lost arrows, ghosts sang 　 In the doorway of a few desolate houses. Yet now in a day, we leap

28、 around the earth, Or explore a thousand milky ways. And if the cowherd who lives on a star Asks about the God of plagues, Tell him,, happy or sad, "The God is gone, Washed away in the waters." A poem by Mao Tsetong read by Willis Barnsto

29、ne, Professor of Comparative Literature at Indiana University in Bloomington. He talked with us from WFIU. 　 Lesson Two Section One: News in Brief Tapescript 1. Iran's official news agency said today former US National Security Advisor Robert McFarlane and four other Americans were jaile

30、d拘留 in Tehran for five days recently after they arrived on a secret diplomatic外交 mission任務(wù). The report quoted the speaker of Iran's parliament國會 as saying President Reagan sent the group to Tehran posing as aircraft crewmen乘務(wù)員. He said they carried with them a Bible signed by the President and a c

31、ake. He said the presents were designed to improve relations between the two countries. Neither the Reagan Administration nor McFarlane had any comment on the report. 2. There were published reports in the Middle East that hostage David Jacobsen was freed as a result of negotiations協(xié)商 between t

32、he United States and Iran. Asked about that today, Anglican Church envoy Terry Waite said that he didn't want to comment評論 on the political dynamics活動. But Waite said he may know within the next twenty-four hours from his contacts if he will be returning to Beirut to 　negotiate the release of more

33、 hostages. 3. Jacobsen was reunited with his family today, but again said his joy could not be complete until the other hostages are freed. He appeared on the hospital balcony陽臺 with his family and talked with reporters. Hospital director Colonel Charles Moffitt says Jacobsen needs to communica

34、te with people now. "He likes to talk, whether that be to a group of press or to individual單獨(dú)的 physicians內(nèi)科醫(yī)生. Once you get him started on a subject, he wants to talk because he hasn't been able to do that." Moffitt says Jacobsen is in good health and will not need follow-up medical care. 4. A

35、 low to moderate溫和的 turnout is reported across the nation so far on this 　election day. Voters are choosing members of the one hundredth Congress, thirty-four senators參議員 and all four hundred thirty-five members of the US House of Representatives. One of the big questions is which Party will contr

36、ol the Senate after today's voting. Section Two: News in Detail Tapescript President Reagan's former National Security Advisor, Robert McFarlane, and four other Americans may have visited Tehran recently on a secret diplomatic mission. Today, on the seventh anniversary周年紀(jì)念日 of the sei

37、zure占有 of the US embassy大使館 in Tehran, Iran Speaker of the Parliament said the visiting Americans were held for five days before being expelled開除 from the country. NPR was unable to reach Mr. McFarlane today for comment and the White House says that it can neither confirm確定 nor deny the story. NPR

38、's Elizabeth Colton reports. 】 　Today in Tehran, Speaker of the Parliament, Hashami Rafsanjani took the occasion場合 to tell a rally that President Reagan had recently sent personal envoys to Iran, calling for improvement of relations. In response to the American overtures, Rafsanjani announced that

39、 Iran will advise its friends in Lebanon, in other words the hostage takers, to free US and French hostages if Israel frees Lebanese prisoners, and if the American and French governments end their hostility to the revolutionary government of Iran. Rafsanjani then reportedly described for the tens of

40、 thousands outside his parliament, the visit of the five American emissaries特使. The Iranian said they flew in, posing as the flight crew of a plane bringing American military軍用 spare parts to Iran from Europe. The US envoys reportedly carried Irish passports, now said to be held by Iranian official

41、s. And one of the men called himself McFarlane. And according to Rafsanjani, he looked exactly like President Reagan's former National Security Advisor. Rafsanjani claimed that Iranian security officials also have a tape of telephone conversations between the American President and his envoys. T

42、he Iranian cleric, Rafsanjani, said the five men were confined to a hotel for five days and later deported驅(qū)逐出境 after Ayatollah Khomeini advised Iranian officials not to meet them or receive their message. Rafsanjani said the Americans had brought a Bible signed by President Reagan and a key-shaped

43、cake which they 　said was the symbol of the hope of reopening by-Iran relations. In Tehran today, at the ceremony marking the anniversary of the seizure of the American embassy, Parliamentary Speaker Rafsanjani described the visit by the American emissaries as a sign of Washington's helplessness.

44、The White House said it would neither confirm nor deny the reports, because according to the press there are certain matters pertaining從屬 to efforts to try to release the hostages, and comments might jeopardize危害 them. Robert McFarlane, who was also a frequent political commentator for NPR's m

45、orning edition, has been unavailable for comment. I am Elizabeth Colton in Washington. Section Three: Special Report Tapescript Over the last few years and around the country, the number of fundamentalist 基礎(chǔ)的religious宗教 groups is said to be growing. Some are called 'ultra-fundamenta

46、list' groups. The estimates估計(jì) varied greatly. The number could be as high as two thousand. These organizations have different purposes and beliefs, but usually have one thing in common-strong leadership, quite often one person. Four years ago in October at a fundamentalist Christian commune in W

47、est Virginia, a young boy died after a paddling涉水 session集會 that lasted for two 　hours. The child was spanked打 by his parents. He had hit another child and refused to say he was sorry. We reported the story of that paddling - the story of the Stonegate Community in November of 1982. Since that tim

48、e, Stonegate leader has been tried and convicted證明、、有罪, one of the first times a leader of a religious group has been held responsible for the actions of a member. Also in that time the parents of the child have served jail監(jiān)獄 terms, and now they have agreed to tell their story. 　 The Stonega

49、te Commune was near Charleston, West Virginia, in the northeast corner of the state. It's mostly farming country. The Stonegate members lived outside of town in an old white Victorian house, overlooking the Shenandoah River, eight young families living and working together. They did some farming,

50、 some construction work and for a time ran a restaurant in Charleston. It was their intention to become less of a commune and more of a community, with the families living in separate houses on the property房產(chǎn). We went to Stonegate on a Sunday evening in November of 1982. We were reluctantly不情愿的 w

51、elcomed. Less than a month before, two Stonegate members had been indicted起訴 for involuntary manslaughter. They were the parents of Joseph Green, who was two years old when he died. On this night many of the Stonegate people were defensive, almost angry. That was four years ago. The parents

52、, Stewart and Leslie Green, were convicted of involuntary manslaughter and both spent a year in jail. First Stewart, then Leslie. Then in a separate legal action, the leader of the Stonegate commune, Dorothy McLellan was also indicted. McLellan did not take part in the paddling but she was found g

53、uilty of involuntary manslaughter and conspiracy陰謀 in the death of Joey Green.Stewart Green, the father, testified against Dorothy McLellan. Green now believes that his son died because of McLellan's teachings and influence. He explained in court that the Stonegate members were taught that a paddli

54、ng session should continue until the child apologizes. Green also testified that a four-hour spanking of Dorothy McLellan's grandson, Danny, had occurred two weeks before Joey Green's death. He also said the Stonegate members, when Joey died, joined in a pledge of secrecy: the circumstances would

55、be covered up; the death would be called an accident. They were afraid all the Stonegate children would be taken away. Joey"s parents at first agreed to this. It was later that they spoke out against what they called then a conspiracy of silence. Both Stewart and Leslie Green grew up and married w

56、ithin the Stonegate community. Leslie was only fifteen when she carrfe to the Stonegate. They lived with several other teenagers in the home of Dorothy and John McLellan. The McLellans had been taking in young people who were having trouble, usually with drugs. They wanted to use their marriage

57、as an example of Christian family life. John McLellan worked for an accounting firm, travelling during the week, Dot McLellan staying at home, taking care of more and more teenagers. The Greens are now living in their first real home together, an apartment in Baltimore. Stewart left the Stonegate,

58、 and Leslie joined him as soon as she got out of jail. The Greens have now agreed to talk about their lives at Stonegate and about the paddling of their son. Lesson Three Section One: News in Brief 1. IBM, following the lead of General Motors, announced today it's pulling out of

59、 South Africa. Like General Motors, IBM says it's selling its South African holdings because of the political and economic situation there. Anti-apartheid groups have praised the decision, but the State Department says business pullouts are regrettable. Spokesman Charles Redmond said today the Rea

60、gan Administration believes US corporate involvement in South Africa has been a progressive前進(jìn)的 force against apartheid. " We regret any decision to reduce US private sector部門 involvement in South Africa. Such reductions could have harmful effects on black workers, injure the South African economy

61、which has, on the whole, weakened the premises經(jīng)營場所 of apartheid and provided a means of improving the living standards and skills of many people otherwise disadvantaged by apartheid, and it might limit the extent范圍 of US influence in South Africa." State Department spokesman Charles Redmond. IBM em

62、ploys some 1,500 people in South Africa. 2. More than fifty black youths were arrested拘留 today in Harare, Zimbabwe, when police broke up demonstrations示威 at South African offices and the US embassy. Julie Fredricks reports. "A group of more than a thousand students and youths caused th

63、ousands of dollars of damage by burning and stoning the offices of the South African trade mission, South African Airways, Air Malawi, and the Malawian High Commission. The demonstrators suspected South African complicity in the plane crash that killed Mozambiquan President Machel in South Africa an

64、d blamed Malawi for supporting the Pretoria-backed insurgents that are attacking Mozambique. Zimbabwean government officials appealed for calm, and a statement from Prime Minister Mugabe just back from a trip to London is expected tomorrow. For National Public Radio, this is Julie Fredricks in Hara

65、re. 3. President Reagan met for about an hour today with West German Chancellor Helmut Kohl at the White House. Kohl is the first European leader to visit the President since the Reykjavik summit. US officials say Kohl expressed support for the President's SDI program. Section Two: News in Detai

66、l West German Chancellor Helmut Kohl is in Washington D.C. for four days of meetings. Among the issues on his agenda are economic relations with the US and Germany's policy towards southern Africa. But today, Kohl's talk with President Reagan was dominated by the recent US-Soviet summit meeting in Iceland. NPR's Brenda Wilson reports. While no major agreement was signed by the United States and the Soviet Union in Reykjavik, the two countries made progress in arms control tal