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1、路漫漫其修遠(yuǎn)兮路漫漫其修遠(yuǎn)兮 吾將上下而求索吾將上下而求索走向高考走向高考 英語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)外研版外研版 高考總復(fù)習(xí)高考總復(fù)習(xí)寫作素能培養(yǎng)寫作素能培養(yǎng)第三部分第三部分第三講熟悉三大復(fù)合句、第三講熟悉三大復(fù)合句、復(fù)合句變得更實(shí)用復(fù)合句變得更實(shí)用第三部分第三部分復(fù)合句包括定語(yǔ)從句、名詞性從句和狀語(yǔ)從句。一、定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句，也稱為關(guān)系從句或形容詞性從句，由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)，用來(lái)限制、描繪或說(shuō)明主句中的某一名詞或代詞(有時(shí)也可以說(shuō)明整個(gè)主句或主句中的一部分)，即句子作定語(yǔ)。經(jīng)典例句A sailor who has experienced no storm will never become an ex

2、cellent sailor.沒(méi)經(jīng)歷過(guò)暴風(fēng)雨的水手永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)成為一名優(yōu)秀的水手。I would visit some museums which should not be missed to widen my horizons as well as enrich my knowledge.我總是會(huì)參觀一些博物館，這些博物館對(duì)于拓寬視野、豐富知識(shí)來(lái)說(shuō)是不應(yīng)錯(cuò)過(guò)的。You know，my uncle Li Ming is going to the city where you live to attend an international meeting.你知道，我的叔叔李明要去你居住的城市參加一

3、個(gè)國(guó)際會(huì)議。I often think about the times when I have felt hurt and insulted by rude marks from strangers and sometimes even from acquaintances.我經(jīng)常想起被陌生人的言語(yǔ)傷害和侮辱的時(shí)候，甚至有時(shí)是來(lái)自熟悉的人。寫法指導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句是比較難掌握而又是學(xué)生在寫作中喜歡嘗試的復(fù)雜句，因此在寫作時(shí)可采用“三步法”：第一步：寫出兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。第二步：在一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句中找出一個(gè)要修飾的詞匯，這個(gè)詞在兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句中都有。第三步：把另一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句改成定語(yǔ)從句，要特別注意引導(dǎo)詞的選擇。示例人們可

4、以一邊吃月餅一邊賞月，月餅是這個(gè)節(jié)日的特殊食品。第一步：寫出兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。People can enjoy the moon while eating moon cakes.They are the special food for the festival.第二步：在句中找出一個(gè)要修飾的詞匯：moon cakes。第三步：用句充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句，moon cakes為先行詞指物，句中的they指代moon cakes且在句中作主語(yǔ)，故用which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。People can enjoy the moon while eating moon cakes，which are the spe

5、cial food for this festival.5My teacher advised me to repeat the materials several times and read them aloud，_ they think will help improve my memory.6I will never forget the days _ we worked in the small town.答案：1.where2.that3.who4.As5.which6.when4This is the best method.It can be used against poll

6、ution._ 5They sent the elderly some fruits，cleaned the rooms and had a good chat with them.The elderly always feel lonely._ 答案：1.Ive always longed for the days when I will be able to be independent.2I have a friend whose father is an engineer.3They planted the trees that/which didnt need much water.

7、4This is the best method that can be used against pollution.5They sent the elderly who always feel lonely some fruits，cleaned the rooms and had a good chat with them.二、名詞性從句名詞性從句包括主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。名詞性從句是具有名詞功能的非獨(dú)立分句。經(jīng)典例句I think that its our duty to help parents do some housework.我認(rèn)為幫助父母做家務(wù)是我們的職責(zé)

8、。(賓語(yǔ)從句)I took pride in what I had done in the absence of my father.我為自己在爸爸不在家時(shí)的表現(xiàn)感到自豪。(賓語(yǔ)從句)There is no doubt that children there are badly in need of care and help.毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，那里的孩子急需關(guān)愛(ài)和幫助。(同位語(yǔ)從句)What interests me most is literary books，especially those by famous writers.我最感興趣的是文學(xué)書，尤其是由著名作家寫的。(主語(yǔ)從句)My Eng

9、lish is just OK and the two main problems in my study are that I feel it difficult to learn words by heart，and that I often feel nervous when speaking English.我的英語(yǔ)還不錯(cuò)，學(xué)習(xí)中最主要的兩個(gè)問(wèn)題是我感覺(jué)記單詞難，而且說(shuō)英語(yǔ)時(shí)經(jīng)常感到緊張。(表語(yǔ)從句) 寫法指導(dǎo)名詞性從句的寫法和定語(yǔ)從句一樣，名詞性從句也是學(xué)生在寫作中喜歡嘗試的復(fù)雜句，在寫作時(shí)同樣可采用“三步法”：第一步：寫出兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。第二步：讓一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句作從句，要注意和另一個(gè)句子的

10、關(guān)聯(lián)性。第三步：把兩個(gè)句子合成復(fù)合句，要特別注意關(guān)聯(lián)詞的選擇和從句的語(yǔ)序。示例一天，她聽到要舉行運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)的消息。第一步：寫出兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。One day，she heard the news.The sports meeting would be held.第二步：讓句作主句，即主句為：One day，she heard the news.第三步：把句作同位語(yǔ)從句，解釋news的內(nèi)容，從句中不缺少成分，故用that引導(dǎo)。One day，she heard the news that the sports meeting would be held.4The notice came around t

11、wo oclock in the afternoon _ the meeting would be put off.5From space, the earth looks blue. This is _ about seventyone percent of its surface is covered by water.答案：1.What2.whether/if3.how4.that5.because3Our women volleyball team had won the championship.The news encouraged us all greatly._ 4We sho

12、uld practise oral English for an hour every day.That was our rule._ 5Shall we go picnicking tomorrow？It depends on the weather._ 答案：1.The police wants to know when you entered the room.2My decision is that all of us are to start at 6 oclock tomorrow morning.3The news that our women volleyball team h

13、ad won the championship encouraged us all greatly.4We made it a rule that we should practise oral English for an hour every day.5Whether we shall go picnicking tomorrow depends on the weather.三、it作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)的高級(jí)句型1it作形式主語(yǔ)的常用句型It系動(dòng)詞形容詞(necessary/right/likely/unlikely/ wrong/important/certain等)that.Itbe

14、名詞(短語(yǔ))(a pity/a shame/no wonder/ones desire等)that.Itbe過(guò)去分詞(said/told/reported/decided等)that.It特殊動(dòng)詞(seems，appears，happens，matters)that.It doesnt matter who/whether/if.Its our desire that you should provide some money to fund our program，as well as offer us some practical suggestions.我們渴望你能為我們的項(xiàng)目提供一些資

15、金，還能提供一些實(shí)用的建議。Its reported that about 30 volunteers who are at least 18 years old will be chosen from all over the world to the Mars by the year of 2015.據(jù)報(bào)道，大約30名至少18歲的志愿者將從世界各地被選出來(lái)于2015年前奔赴火星。2it作形式賓語(yǔ)的常用句型動(dòng)詞 find，feel，think，consider，make，believe，guess，suppose，assume等后有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，則需要用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，而將賓語(yǔ)從句后置。有些

16、動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))帶賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，需要在賓語(yǔ)從句前加it，這類動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))主要有：hate，like，owe，enjoy，appreciate，see to，rely on等。I would appreciate it if you could sell the knots for 10 dollars each.如果你們能以每個(gè)10美元的價(jià)格賣這些中國(guó)結(jié)，我將不勝感激。I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day.我認(rèn)為我們每天喝大量的開水是必要的。答案：1.It doesnt matter whether he

17、 comes to the meeting or not.2It is a pity that you missed such a good lecture.3Id appreciate it if you could teach me how to use the computer.四、狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句是在句中起副詞作用的句子。引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞被稱為從屬連詞，狀語(yǔ)從句需用陳述語(yǔ)序，可位于復(fù)合句的句首或句末。句式為：“狀語(yǔ)從句逗號(hào)主語(yǔ)”或“主句狀語(yǔ)從句”。熟記幾個(gè)常用連詞狀語(yǔ)從句連詞時(shí)間when，whenever，as，while，before，until，as soon as，hardly

18、.when.，no sooner.than., scarcely.when.地點(diǎn)where，wherever條件if，unless，as long as，so long as，in case，if only原因because，as，since，now that，for讓步though，although，even if，even though，as，while，whatever，whoever，whenever，wherever，however，no matter疑問(wèn)詞，whether (.) or., whether.or not比較the same as，as.as.方式as if，as t

19、hough，as目的in order that，so that結(jié)果so that，so.that.，such.that.When it comes to a choice，I prefer to go traveling.當(dāng)談及選擇時(shí)，我寧愿去旅游。I went on with my work until I finished washing all the clothes.我繼續(xù)工作，直到把所有的衣服洗完。Whenever he didnt perform well in his studies，she would blame him bitterly，expressing her disa

20、ppointment in him.每當(dāng)他學(xué)習(xí)不好的時(shí)候，她總會(huì)訓(xùn)斥他，表達(dá)對(duì)他的失望。If it is convenient for you，can you pick him up at the airport at 11 30 am?如果方便的話，你可以在上午11點(diǎn)半到機(jī)場(chǎng)去接他嗎？Although cleaning street is no more than an ordinary job，it contributes to the society.盡管清掃大街只是一個(gè)非常普通的工作，但卻對(duì)社會(huì)做出了貢獻(xiàn)。Whatever the result is，we should accept

21、it with a smile，because we have tried our best.無(wú)論結(jié)果怎樣，我們都要微笑著接受，因?yàn)槲覀円呀?jīng)盡了全力。However，some students were so tired that they couldnt move any more，so they fell behind.可是，一些學(xué)生累得走不動(dòng)了，因此他們被落在了后面。3You should put the dictionary somewhere. You can find it easily there._ 4Getting a right job can be difficult.

22、The students are not prepared to deal with the job interview._ 5You should bear the motherland in mind. You can go anywhere._ 6He had failed several times. He kept on working._ 答案：1.As the days went on, the situation there was getting worse and worse.2Since everybody is here, Lets set out right away

23、.3You should put the dictionary where you can find it easily.4Getting a right job can be difficult unless the students are prepared to deal with the job interview. /. if the students are not prepared.5Wherever you go, you should bear the motherland in mind.6Although/Even though he had failed several times, he kept on working.