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1、1390國(guó)開(kāi)電大本科《人文英語(yǔ)4》歷年期末考試（第三大題閱讀選擇題）題庫(kù) （排序考試版） 說(shuō)明：根據(jù)試題首字母音序查找試題及答案。 ［短文］ALTERNATIVE LEGAL BILLING -WIN STRATEGIES［內(nèi)部資料］ Hourly billing is the best way to be charged for legal services. About 95 percent of lawyers still perform their legal work on an hourly basis. If you want something better than

2、the old bill by the hour deal, try presenting one of these billing structures. PROJECT BILLING FOR ROUTINE ISSUES If your legal needs include large but repetitive tasks, consider a flat-fee approach. Once you get a project billing estimate, don't hesitate to shop around to compare prices and servi

3、ces with other law firms. A firm may provide a better deal if it expects future work from your company. RESULTS-ORIENTED OPTIONS Pay-according-to-success is one choice.It considers fees based on the outcome of the case and the performance of your counsel. Contingency fees turn the matter into a sha

4、red risk or shared encouragement, making the law firm your business partner, not just representation. MULTI-LAYERED TASKS If you' re shopping for a firm for actual legal work involving a number of legal specialties, consider using blended hourly fees.The firm calculates in advance an average rate b

5、ased on the anticipated time each lawyer spends on the matter. This arrangement helps the client to avoid paying a senior partner，s hourly rate for research that should be conducted by a junior associate. Legal Insurance The contract fee allows the client to pick up the phone and talk to the lawy

6、er without needing to eye the clock.This approach works like a legal insurance policy.It encourages companies to contact their counsel on non-litigation, non-crisis matters, and to save money in the long run by engaging in more preventive legal action. 1. is the best way to be charged for legal ser

7、vices. ［答案］B. Hourly billing 2. A flat-fee approach . ［答案］A. is suitable for repetitive tasks 3. make the law firm share your risk and encouragement. ［答案］C. Contingency fees 4. Legal work involving a number of legal specialties should consider using . ［答案］A. blended hourly fees 5. You have

8、to eye the clock when you talk to the lawyer when you choose . ［答案］B. the old bill by the hour deal 附： 替代性法律計(jì)費(fèi)一獲勝策略 按小時(shí)計(jì)費(fèi)是收取法律服務(wù)費(fèi)用的最佳方式。大約95%的律師仍按小時(shí)執(zhí)行法律工作。如果您想要 比按小時(shí)計(jì)費(fèi)的舊賬單更好的服務(wù)，請(qǐng)嘗試提供其中一種計(jì)費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)。 日常問(wèn)題的項(xiàng)目計(jì)費(fèi) 如果您的法律需求包括大型但重復(fù)性的工作，請(qǐng)考慮采用固定費(fèi)用的方法。一旦您獲得項(xiàng)目計(jì)費(fèi)估 算，請(qǐng)不要猶豫，貨比三家，與其他律師事務(wù)所比較價(jià)格和服務(wù)。如果有的話，律師事務(wù)所可能會(huì)提供 更好的

9、交易它期待貴公司的未來(lái)工作。 以結(jié)果為導(dǎo)向的選擇 按成功付費(fèi)是一種選擇。它根據(jù)案件的結(jié)果和您的律師的表現(xiàn)來(lái)考慮費(fèi)用。應(yīng)急費(fèi)用將此事轉(zhuǎn)化為 24. 為了幫助案主過(guò)上富有成效的生活，社工可以求助于 o A. 政府 B. 家庭成員 C. 商人 ［答案］B 25. 關(guān)于社會(huì)工作的哪項(xiàng)說(shuō)法不正確？ A. 社會(huì)工作源于慈善。 B. 社會(huì)工作不僅涉及貧困和隨之而來(lái)的問(wèn)題，還涉及各種社會(huì)恐懼和歧視。 C. 社會(huì)工作就是富人想幫助窮人。 ［答案］C ［短文］Charity is a concept which dates back to Biblical times, when hel

10、ping the poor was something that rich people basically did to make themselves feelgood. Social work has its roots in charity, as it originally began around the time of the industrial revolution when there were many poor people and society was seeking away of dealing with the poor and social problems

11、. Although social work began as charity work, it has expanded a lot and needs to be seen from a completely different perspective. ［2020年1月試題］ Modern-day social work deals not only with poverty and the subsequent problems, but also with the problems arising from various types of “social fear” ( "soc

12、ial phobias n ) and discrimination such as sexism, racism, and discrimination against an individual due to his age, or mental or physical disabilities.Social workers deal with the consequences of these discriminations as well as consequences that arise from sexual abuse, drug abuse, and various othe

13、r problems. Social work provides an important service to society. Individuals and families in need of help are the focus of it, and are referred to as clients. Social workers help clients liven productive life in their own community. In order to reach this goal, they often enlist the assistance of

14、family members, relatives, local religious leaders, and other influential members of the community. Although institutionalization maybe necessary at times, it is a temporary solution. Social workers usually serve in the front line, and reach out to the clients soon after problems occur.The goal is t

15、o help clients return to normal life in a natural setting. 21. The charity originally means to . A. help the poor that makes the rich feelgood. B. help clients return to normal life. C. serve the whole society. ［答案］A 22. When does social work begin? A. around the time of the industrial revolu

16、tion B. Biblical times C. modern time ［答案］A 23. Modern-day social work deals with the following problems except ? A. poverty B. racism C. education ［答案］c 24. In order to help clients live a productive life, social workers can turn to the assistance of . A. government B. family members C

17、. businessmen ［答案］B 25. Which statement about social work is NOT True? A. Social work roots from charity. B. Social work deals not only with poverty and the subsequent problems, but also with various social fear and discrimination. C. Social work is that the rich people want to help the poor pe

18、ople. ［答案］C 附： 慈善是一個(gè)可以追溯到圣經(jīng)時(shí)代的概念，當(dāng)時(shí)幫助窮人基本上是富人為了讓自己感覺(jué)良好而做的事 情。社會(huì)工作源于慈善，因?yàn)樗畛跏加诠I(yè)革命時(shí)期，當(dāng)時(shí)有很多人窮人和社會(huì)正在尋求解決窮人和 社會(huì)問(wèn)題。盡管社會(huì)工作最初是慈善工作，但它已經(jīng)擴(kuò)展了很多，需要從完全不同的角度來(lái)看待。 現(xiàn)代社會(huì)工作不僅要處理貧困和隨之而來(lái)的問(wèn)題，而且還要處理各種“社會(huì)恐懼”（“社會(huì)恐懼癥"） 和歧視，如性別歧視、種族主義和對(duì)個(gè)人的歧視等問(wèn)題。他的年齡，或精神或身體殘疾。社會(huì)工作者處 理這些歧視的后果以及性虐待、藥物濫用和各種其他問(wèn)題產(chǎn)生的后果。 社會(huì)工作為社會(huì)提供了重要的服務(wù)。需要幫助的個(gè)人

19、和家庭是其中的重點(diǎn)，被稱(chēng)為案主。社會(huì)工作 者幫助案主在自己的社區(qū)中過(guò)上富有成效的生活。為了達(dá)到這個(gè)目標(biāo)，他們經(jīng)常爭(zhēng)取家人、親戚、當(dāng)?shù)?宗教領(lǐng)袖和社區(qū)其他有影響力的成員的幫助。雖然制度化有時(shí)可能是必要的，但它是一個(gè)臨時(shí)解決方案。 社會(huì)工作者通常服務(wù)于第一線，并很快接觸到客戶(hù)問(wèn)題發(fā)生后。目標(biāo)是幫助客戶(hù)在自然環(huán)境中恢復(fù)正常 生活。 21. 慈善原意為 o A. 幫助窮人，讓富人感覺(jué)良好。 B. 幫助客戶(hù)恢復(fù)正常生活。 C. 服務(wù)全社會(huì)。 ［答案］A 22. 社會(huì)工作什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始？ A. 大約在工業(yè)革命時(shí)期 B. 圣經(jīng)時(shí)代 C. 現(xiàn)代 ［答案］A 23. 現(xiàn)代社會(huì)工作除了 以外，

20、還存在以下問(wèn)題？ A. 貧困 B. 種族主義 C. 教育 ［答案］C 24. 為了幫助案主過(guò)上富有成效的生活，社工可以求助于 o A. 政府 B. 家庭成員 C. 商人 ［答案］B 25. 關(guān)于社會(huì)工作的哪項(xiàng)說(shuō)法不正確？ A. 社會(huì)工作源于慈善。 B. 社會(huì)工作不僅涉及貧困和隨之而來(lái)的問(wèn)題，還涉及各種社會(huì)恐懼和歧視。 C. 社會(huì)工作就是富人想幫助窮人。 ［笆案］C ［短文］Charity is a concept which dates back to Biblical times, when helping the poor was something that r

21、ich people basically did to make themselves feel good. Social work has its roots in charity, as it originally began around the time of the industrial revolution when there were many poor people and society was seeking a way of dealing with the poor and social problems. Although social work began as

22、charity work, it has expanded a lot and needs to be seen from a completely different perspective. ［內(nèi)部資料］ Modern-day social work deals not only with poverty and the subsequent problems, but also with the problems arising from various types of social fear (social phobias) and discrimination such as s

23、exism, racism, and discrimination against an individual due to his age, or mental or physical disabilities. Social workers deal with the consequences of these discriminations as well as consequences that arise from sexual abuse, drug abuse, and various other problems. Social work provides an import

24、ant service to society. Individuals and families in need of help are the focus of it, and are referred to as clients. Social workers help clients live a productive life in their own community. In order to reach this goal, they often enlist the assistance of family members, relatives, local religious

25、 leaders, and other influential members of the community. Although institutionalization may be necessary at times, it is a temporary solution. Social workers usually serve in the front line, and reach out to the clients soon after problems occur.The goal is to help clients return to normal life in a

26、 natural setting. 1. The charity originally means to . ［答案］A? help the poor that makes the rich feel good. 2. When does social work begin? ［答案］A. around the time of the industrial revolution 3. Modern-day social work deals with the following problems except? ［答案］C. education 4. In order to he

27、lp clients live a productive life, social workers can turn to the assistance of . ［答案］B. family members 5. Which statement about social work is NOT True? ［答案］C. Social work is that the rich people want to help the poor people. 附： 慈善是一個(gè)可以追溯到圣經(jīng)時(shí)代的概念，當(dāng)時(shí)幫助窮人基本上是富人為了讓自己感覺(jué)良好而做的事 情。社會(huì)工作源于慈善，因?yàn)樗畛跏加诠I(yè)革

28、命時(shí)期，當(dāng)時(shí)有許多窮人和社會(huì)都在尋求一種解決窮人 和社會(huì)問(wèn)題的方法。雖然社會(huì)工作最初是慈善工作，但它已經(jīng)擴(kuò)展了很多，需要從完全不同的角度來(lái)看 待。 現(xiàn)代社會(huì)工作不僅要處理貧困和隨之而來(lái)的問(wèn)題，還要處理各種社會(huì)恐懼(社會(huì)恐懼癥)和歧視所引 起的問(wèn)題，例如性別歧視、種族主義和因年齡而對(duì)個(gè)人的歧視，或精神或身體殘疾。社會(huì)工作者處理這 些歧視的后果以及性虐待、藥物濫用和各種其他問(wèn)題產(chǎn)生的后果。 社會(huì)工作為社會(huì)提供了重要的服務(wù)。需要幫助的個(gè)人和家庭是它的重點(diǎn)，被稱(chēng)為客戶(hù)。社會(huì)工作者 幫助客戶(hù)在自己的社區(qū)過(guò)上富有成效的生活。為了達(dá)到這個(gè)目標(biāo)，他們經(jīng)常尋求家庭成員、親戚、當(dāng)?shù)?宗教領(lǐng)袖和社區(qū)其他有影響力

29、的成員的幫助。雖然制度化有時(shí)可能是必要的，但它只是一個(gè)臨時(shí)解決方 案。社會(huì)工作者通常服務(wù)于第一線，并伸出援手客戶(hù)在問(wèn)題發(fā)生后很快。目標(biāo)是幫助客戶(hù)在自然環(huán)境中 恢復(fù)正常生活。 1. 慈善本意為 O ［答案］A.幫助窮人，讓富人感覺(jué)良好。 2 .社工什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始？ ［答案］A.大約在工業(yè)革命時(shí)期 3. 現(xiàn)代社會(huì)工作主要解決以下問(wèn)題，除了？ ［答案］C.教育 4. 為了幫助案主過(guò)上富有成效的生活，社工可以求助于 o ［答案］B.家庭成員 5. 關(guān)于社會(huì)工作的哪項(xiàng)說(shuō)法不正確？ ［答案］C.社會(huì)工作就是富人想幫助窮人。 ［短文］Educators, parents, student

30、s and community members in Miami-Dade and Broward counties are joining together to reclaim the promise of public education. This important effort is co-sponsored by the American Federation of Teachers and National Education Association and is a vital step forward for our schools in South Florida. ［2

31、020年9月試題］ Educators, parents and community members are working together to provide all students with the opportunity to attend quality public schools. Equal access to a public education is a right that should be afforded to all students. We can not expect our students to succeed if they do not have

32、 the right tools to do so. r ve been working as a teacher and lawyer for many years, so I know firsthand the obstacles teachers and students face everyday. There is no simple solution for our public schools， challenges, but one thing is for sure: We must all work together in order to better our sch

33、ools. There is no time to waste because the future of schools and students is on the line. We must all get involved now. Educators need proper teaching resources in order for students to achieve. Just like in other careers, educators should receive ample opportunities for professional development.

34、 South Florida teachers and support staff are doing the best they can, but we need everyone to actively participate in the educational process. Florida receives the least amount of funding for public education compared to nearly all other states, but that will never stop our drive for success. We s

35、till have hope for our schools and students because the nation，s public education system makes up the foundation of our future, 21. From the passage, we can guess the author is from . A. China B. the UK C. the US ［答案］c 22. Educators, parents and community members are working together in order

36、to . A. guarantee all students with opportunities to attend quality public schools B. enhance the quality of education C. supervise the public schools ［答案］A 23. What does “obstacle” mean in paragraph 3? A. something that stands in the way B. something cool C. something urgent ［答案］A 24. Wha

37、t do educators need for professional development? A. Investment. B. Equality. C. Opportunity. ［答案］c 25. According to the passage, is there any simple solution for the challenges they are facing? A. Yes. B. No. C. Not Given. ［答案］B 附： 邁阿密-戴德縣和布勞沃德縣的教育工作者、家長(zhǎng)、學(xué)生和社區(qū)成員正在聯(lián)合起來(lái)，以恢復(fù)公共教 育的承諾。這項(xiàng)重要的努力

38、是由美國(guó)教師聯(lián)合會(huì)和全國(guó)教育協(xié)會(huì)共同發(fā)起的，是向前邁出的重要一步。 我們?cè)谀戏鹆_里達(dá)的學(xué)校。 教育工作者、家長(zhǎng)和社區(qū)成員正在共同努力，為所有學(xué)生提供進(jìn)入優(yōu)質(zhì)公立學(xué)校的機(jī)會(huì)。平等接受 公立教育是所有學(xué)生都應(yīng)享有的權(quán)利。我們不能指望我們的學(xué)生成功沒(méi)有合適的工具來(lái)做到這一點(diǎn)。 我從事教師和律師工作多年，所以我親身了解教師和學(xué)生每天面臨的障礙。我們公立學(xué)校面臨的挑 戰(zhàn)沒(méi)有簡(jiǎn)單的解決方案，但有一點(diǎn)是肯定的：我們必須齊心協(xié)力為了更好地改善我們的學(xué)校。沒(méi)有時(shí)間 可以浪費(fèi)，因?yàn)閷W(xué)校和學(xué)生的未來(lái)都處于危險(xiǎn)之中。我們現(xiàn)在都必須參與其中。 教育者需要適當(dāng)?shù)慕虒W(xué)資源才能使學(xué)生取得成就。就像其他職業(yè)一樣，教育者應(yīng)

39、該獲得充足的專(zhuān)業(yè) 發(fā)展機(jī)會(huì)。 南佛羅里達(dá)州的教師和支持人員正在盡其所能，但我們需要每個(gè)人都積極參與教育過(guò)程。 與幾乎所有其他州相比，佛羅里達(dá)州獲得的公共教育資金最少，但這永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)阻止我們追求成功的 動(dòng)力。我們?nèi)匀粚?duì)我們的學(xué)校和學(xué)生抱有希望，因?yàn)閲?guó)家的公共教育體系構(gòu)成了我們未來(lái)的基礎(chǔ)， 21 .從文中，我們可以猜出作者來(lái)自 o A. 中國(guó) B. 英國(guó) C. 美國(guó) ［答案］C 22. 教育工作者、家長(zhǎng)和社區(qū)成員正在共同努力，以便 o A. 保證所有學(xué)生有機(jī)會(huì)就讀優(yōu)質(zhì)公立學(xué)校 B. 提高教育質(zhì)量 C. 監(jiān)督公立學(xué)校 ［答案］A 23. 第3段中的“障礙"是什么意思？ A.

40、擋路的東西 B. 很酷的東西 C. 緊急的事情 ［答案］A 24. 教育工作者職業(yè)發(fā)展需要什么？ A. 投資。 B. 平等。 C. 機(jī)會(huì)。 ［答案］C 25. 根據(jù)文章，他們面臨的挑戰(zhàn)有沒(méi)有簡(jiǎn)單的解決方案？ A. 是的。 B. 沒(méi)有。 C. 未給出。 ［短文］Imagine a school that expected its students to become literate （有讀寫(xiě)能力的） without any formal instruction. Most parents wou 1 d be alarmed by such an approach,

41、which would leave their children confused and with gaps in their understanding. This however has been the philosophy on character development in many of our schools. Why is the development of character seen as somehow different from the other skills that we teach? ［內(nèi)部資料］ Of course there will always

42、 be learning by osmosis （耳濡 目 染）in any school, but as a teacher and primary school head I have found that a child's moral literacy is strengthened when they acquire the building blocks of good character such as consideration, courage and honor： qualities which are commonly known as virtue （美德）. I p

43、ersonally find that exploring a virtue over a two~week period provides a simple and effective program that allows for the creative input of both teacher and student and a chance for the virtue to embed （使融入）itself. Once a lesson on a virtue such as honesty has been completed we need to allow time fo

44、r children to practice this concept just as would be the case with fractions or verbs. Allowing children to role play a situation such as making up excuses to cover a mistake can be enormously interesting, and the drama can be frozen allowing the characters to be questioned about their feelings and

45、motives. It's also a safe way for children to experience for themselves how a lie usually goes out of control. Our role as educators is also to look for opportunities to help our students as they attempt to strengthen their characters. When something goes wrong we guide the young person to the virt

46、ue that will prevent it from happening again. For instance, when am student thoughtlessly disturbs the calm atmosphere of the library, instead of a response such as, that was really disrespectful and selfish of you! we draw out from them the required virtue： When you're walking through the library,

47、what virtues do you need to use? 1. Which of the following is the main idea of this passage? ［答案］B.The author and his staff embed virtues into lessons and school life to encourage character development in children. 2. We can infer from the first paragraph that . ［答案］C. the approach to character

48、education is generally considered different from the approaches to other skills 3. The word philosophy in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to . ［答案］C. viewpoint 4. The author is a . ［答案］A. teacher 5. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a way to build character in c

49、hildren? ［答案］A? Story readings and discussions. 附： 想象一下，一所學(xué)校希望學(xué)生在沒(méi)有任何正式指導(dǎo)的情況下成為讀寫(xiě)能力（有讀寫(xiě)能力的）。大多數(shù) 父母會(huì)對(duì)這種方法感到震驚，這會(huì)使他們的孩子感到困惑和理解上的空白。然而，這一直是我們?cè)S多學(xué) 校的品格發(fā)展理念。為什么品格發(fā)展與我們教授的其他技能有某種不同？ 當(dāng)然，任何學(xué)校都會(huì)有耳濡目染學(xué)習(xí)，但作為一名教師和小學(xué)校長(zhǎng)，我發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)孩子獲得體貼、勇氣 和榮譽(yù)等良好品格的基石時(shí)，他們的道德素養(yǎng)就會(huì)得到加強(qiáng)：俗稱(chēng)美德的品質(zhì)。 我在兩周內(nèi)探索美德提供了一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的計(jì)劃，該計(jì)劃允許學(xué)生的創(chuàng)造性輸入，并有機(jī)會(huì)讓教師

50、自己 嵌入（使美德和有效的）美德。有一次關(guān)于美德的課程例如誠(chéng)實(shí)已經(jīng)完成，我們需要讓孩子們有時(shí)間練習(xí) 這個(gè)概念，就像分?jǐn)?shù)或動(dòng)詞的情況一樣。讓孩子們角色扮演一種情況，比如為錯(cuò)誤找借口可能會(huì)非常有 趣，并且戲劇可以被凍結(jié)，讓角色被質(zhì)疑他們的感受和動(dòng)機(jī)。這也是孩子們自己體驗(yàn)謊言通常如何失控 的安全方式。 我們作為教育者的角色也是尋找機(jī)會(huì)幫助我們的學(xué)生，因?yàn)樗麄冊(cè)噲D加強(qiáng)他們的性格。當(dāng)出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題 時(shí)，我們會(huì)引導(dǎo)年輕人獲得防止再次發(fā)生的美德。例如，當(dāng)學(xué)生不小心打擾時(shí)圖書(shū)館里平靜的氣氛，而 不是這樣的回應(yīng)，真是對(duì)你的不尊重和自私！我們從他們身上提取出所需要的美德：當(dāng)你走過(guò)圖書(shū)館時(shí), 你需要使用哪些美德？ 1

51、. 以下哪項(xiàng)是本文的主要思想？ ［答案］B.作者和他的工作人員將美德融入課程和學(xué)校生活中，以鼓勵(lì)孩子們的性格發(fā)展。 2. 我們可以從第一段推斷出 。 ［答案］C.性格教育的方法通常被認(rèn)為不同于其他技能的方法 3. 第一段中的哲學(xué)一詞的意思最接近 o ［答案］C.觀點(diǎn) 4 .作者是 o ［答案］A.*師 5 .文章中沒(méi)有提到以下哪項(xiàng)是培養(yǎng)孩子性格的方法？ ［答案］A.故事閱讀和討論。. ［短文］Is that 6 a. m. woke out getting in the way of good sleep? Don't think your fat cells won，t

52、notice. A new study published in The Annals of Internal Medicine （a medical journal） finds that inadequate shut-eye has a harmful effect on fat cells, reducing their ability to respond to insulin （胰島素）by about 30 percent. Over the long-term, this decreased response could set the stage for type-2 dia

53、betes （a medical condition in which someone has too much sugar in his or her blood）, fatty liver disease and weight gain.［內(nèi)部資料］ The study adds to a growing body of evidence that there， an intimate relationship between the amount of sleep we get and our ability to maintain a good, healthy body weigh

54、t, says sleep expert Helene Emsellem, director of the Center for Sleep and Wake Disorders in Chevy Chase, Maryland. But Americans don，t seem to be getting the message that we need seven to nine hours par night. More than 1 in 5 of us, according to a report from the Centers for Disease Control and Pr

55、evention, is getting six or fewer hours of sleep per night, on average. So how did researchers study fat cells in the Annals paper? Matthew Brady of the University of Chicago and a group of colleagues selected and persuaded seven volunteers to take part in the research project. They were all young,

56、 thin and healthy and agreed to sleep for eight nights in a sleep lab. For four nights they were allowed to stay in bed for 8. 5 hours a night, says Brady. Then, a month later, they came back for four additional nights一but this time they were allowed just 4. 5 hours of sleep per night. And after eac

57、h visit, researchers got a sample of their fat. Brady explains that the fat cells responded significantly to the loss of sleep.I was very surprised to be honest, he says. Bad things can happen when fat cells become less responsive to insulin. Fat cells are actually your friend, he says. They，re the

58、re to store lipids （血月旨）. When lipids stay inside the cells, your body can utilize the fat when you're exercising or sleeping or going about your day. However, when fat cells stare to become insulin resistant, the lipids star to leach out of the fat cells and rise in the bloodstream, Brady says. 1.

59、 According to the passage, lack of sleep for a long while can probably lead to all of the following EXCEPT . ［答案］A. heart disease 2. The main idea of the third paragraph is . ［答案］C. how the research was conducted 3. What does the leach in the last paragraph probably mean? ［答案］C?Leak. 4. Which

60、 of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage? ［答案］B. More and more studies are done to study the link between sleep and weight. 5. Which of the following is an appropriate title for this passage? ［答案］B.Sleep Experts Had Exciting Findings in a Fat Study 附： 早上六點(diǎn)醒來(lái)會(huì)影響睡眠嗎？不要以為你的脂肪細(xì)胞不會(huì)注意到。發(fā)

61、表在《內(nèi)科學(xué)年鑒》（醫(yī)學(xué)期 刊）上的一項(xiàng)新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，睡眠不足對(duì)身體有害。對(duì)脂肪細(xì)胞的影響，使它們對(duì)胰島素（胰島素）的反應(yīng) 能力降低約30%。從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看，這種降低的反應(yīng)可能為2型糖尿?。ㄒ环N體內(nèi)糖分過(guò)多的疾?。┑於ɑA(chǔ)。 他或她的血液），脂肪肝疾病和體重增加。 睡眠專(zhuān)家、睡眠和覺(jué)醒障礙中心主任海倫?埃姆塞勒姆說(shuō)，這項(xiàng)研究增加了越來(lái)越多的證據(jù)表明， 我們獲得的睡眠量與我們保持良好、健康體重的能力之間存在密切關(guān)系。雪佛蘭蔡斯，馬里蘭州。但美 國(guó)人似乎沒(méi)有得到這樣的信息，即我們每晚需要7到9小時(shí)。根據(jù)疾病控制和預(yù)防中心的一份報(bào)告，我 們中有超過(guò)五分之一的人得到了六個(gè)平均每晚的睡眠時(shí)間更少。 那么研

62、究人員在年鑒論文中是如何研究脂肪細(xì)胞的呢？芝加哥大學(xué)的馬修?布雷迪（Matthew Brady） 和一群同事選擇并說(shuō)服了七名志愿者參與了這個(gè)研究項(xiàng)目。他們都年輕、瘦弱、健康，并同意睡八晚在 睡眠實(shí)驗(yàn)室。連續(xù)四晚，他們被允許每晚睡8.5小時(shí)，布雷迪說(shuō)。然后，一個(gè)月后，他們又回來(lái)了四晚 —但這次他們只被允許睡4. 5小時(shí)每晚睡一覺(jué)。每次訪問(wèn)后，研究人員都會(huì)獲取他們的脂肪樣本。布雷 迪解釋說(shuō)，脂肪細(xì)胞對(duì)睡眠不足做出了顯著的反應(yīng)。老實(shí)說(shuō)，我非常驚訝，他說(shuō)。 當(dāng)脂肪細(xì)胞對(duì)胰島素的反應(yīng)減弱時(shí)，壞事就會(huì)發(fā)生。脂肪細(xì)胞實(shí)際上是你的朋友，他說(shuō)。它們?cè)谀?里儲(chǔ)存脂質(zhì)（血脂）。當(dāng)脂質(zhì)留在細(xì)胞內(nèi)時(shí)，你的身體可以利用

63、脂肪。重新鍛煉、睡覺(jué)或繼續(xù)你的一天。 然而，當(dāng)脂肪細(xì)胞開(kāi)始產(chǎn)生胰島素抵抗時(shí)，脂質(zhì)開(kāi)始從脂肪細(xì)胞中滲出并在血液中上升，布雷迪說(shuō)。 1 .根據(jù)文章，長(zhǎng)時(shí)間睡眠不足可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致以下所有情況，除了 o ［答案］A.心臟病 2. 第三段的主要思想是 o ［答案］C.研究是如何進(jìn)行的 3. 最后一段中的瀝出大概是什么意思？ ［答案］C.泄漏。 4. 根據(jù)短文，下列哪項(xiàng)不正確？ ［答案］B.越來(lái)越多的研究正在研究睡眠和體重之間的聯(lián)系。 5. 以下哪項(xiàng)是適合這篇文章的標(biāo)題？ ［笆"］B.睡覺(jué)專(zhuān)家在一項(xiàng)脂肪研究中有令人興奮的發(fā)現(xiàn) ［短文］It can be really frustrating

64、 （使人沮喪的）for an overweight person to go to a gym and work out with a positive attitude. All one has to do is walk by almost any nice gym and notice all the healthy, sweating, skinny members. Sometimes they stare at those of us who are, well, zaftig. It is easy to see the judgment behind their eyes. W

65、ho wants to put up with that? ［內(nèi)部資料］ Many people are self-conscious of their bodies and feel isolated when joining workout classes of while exercising, especially if they are larger than most of the others in the group. Now the fitness industry is finally paying attention. Popular gyms are catering

66、 （迎合） to overweight and weight conscious customers by dedicating areas where the skinny people are not allowed. There are even gyms or programs that require members to be at least 50 pounds overweight to participate. Trainers recommend functional fitness as a practical goal, rather than six-pack abs（7\ 塊腹?。?They often use text messages to stay in touch with customers. Often at these specialized gyms, the trainers are overweight themselves, or working on their own weight goals, and this can he