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1、 What occurs to you when the term Middle East is mentioned? veiled women men in robes or turbans copper vessels carpets (rug, tapestry) spices Muslims (Moslems) The mosque The Koran Allah Desert Camels Caravansary Trade caravan Merchants Silk Road Oasis mirage Petroleum The Nile Sandstorm, sand dust

2、 Ostrich (policy) Pyramids Mummies Sphinx Sphinxs Riddle Oedipus Oedipus (E) Complex Freud Psychoanalysis Stream of consciousness Gulf wars Jerusalem (Holy City)bazaar: an oriental muslin market-place where a variety of goods is sold cf. bizarre： odd, weird eastern: oriental - ant. occidental Transl

3、ation: 東方商廈，東方明珠, 東方電視臺(tái) (東方電臺(tái)，東方路)The Middle Eastern BazaarThe Middle Eastern BazaarMiddle East： A.The area around the eastern Mediterranean; from Turkey to North Africa and eastward to Iran。 B. It is the site of such ancient civilizations as Phoenicia, Babylon, Egypt. C. It is the birthplace of Jud

4、aism, Christianity and Islam. Refer to Note 2Gothic: of a style of building in w Europe between the 12th and 16th cs., with pointed arches, arched roofs, tall thin pillars, and stained glass windows Gothic architecture哥特式建筑 Gothic novel: characterized by an atmosphere of mystery and horror and havin

5、g pseudo-medieval setting哥特式小說 the first written by Mary Shelley in the 18th c. Frankenstein弗蘭肯斯坦 gothic arch 尖頂拱門 Gothic ChurchLanguage points and examples Singular use of EYE and EAR indicates ones power of sight and hearing / having a due sense of / be a good judge of. He has a good eye for beaut

6、y. The boy has a sharp eye. (overlooks nothing) The big poster caught my eye. The view was pleasing to the eye. Keep an eye on that man. Turn a blind eye / a deaf ear to sth / sb. She has an ear for music (sensitive). Extension: eye blind in one eye lose an eye compound eyes the naked eye His eyes a

7、re bigger than his belly. Eyes, front! Eyes left right! Collocation an eye for an eye eye for eye apply the blind eye be all eyes give sb. a black eye catch sb.s eye(s) catch strike the eye close shut ones eyes to cry ones eyes out feast ones eyes on hold the public eye in sb.s minds eye 。 keep an o

8、nes eyeon upon have ones eyes on run ones eyes through over see eye to eye with see with ones own eyes the eye of day the morning, heaven the eyes of night heaven turn a ones blind eye to up to ones the eyes inextend: 1. Cause to cover a wider area; make larger. E.g. The car part has been extended.

9、2. Cause to last longer. E.g. We have been to the embassy to have our visas extended. 3. Hold out toward sb. E.g. I nod and extend my hand. Extended family: a family which extends beyond the nuclear family, including grandparents, uncles, ants, and other relatives, who all live nearby or in one hous

10、ehold. extend: to extend ones business to extend a railway to extend a school building to extend ones power and influence into to extend ones visit for a few days more to extend sympathy to to extend a warm welcome to to extend help to the poor an extended meandering river ones extended residence in

11、shadowy (shadowier, shadowiest) : full of shadows They took a stroll along a long, shadowy, cobbled path, hand in hand. * of uncertain identity or nature A shadowy figure appeared through the mist. Shadow: used figuratively The shadow of war fell across Europe. Only one shadow lay over Sallys life.

12、He lived in the shadow of his father. glare: strong, fierce, unpleasant light The red glare over the burning city could be seen a 100 miles away. One cant keep any privacy in the full glare of publicity. The tropic sun glared down on us all the day. *stare angrily or fiercely at: They stood glaring

13、at each other. They glared defiance (hate) at the enemy.thread ones way: move carefully or skillfully in and out of obstacles She threaded her way through the tables. make penetrate elbow kick wangle squeeze cut eel push head slash fight feel labor kneel killthrong: a great many people assembled tog

14、ether (cf. crowd) There are always throngs of people on Tien An Men Square. The department store was thronged with people. People thronged to see the new play. (Throng differs from “crowd in that it carries a stronger implication of movement and of pushing and a weaker implication of density.)concei

15、vable: that can be conceived, imagined, thought of people of every conceivable age, appearance, nationality, occupation, background, temperament; religion taste blood type buildings of every conceivable shape, style, building material, height, size, color books of every conceivable theme, style, lev

16、el, size, color, price, gardens of every conceivable . conceive / deceive / perceive / receivepenetrate: to enter or force a way into; to pierce. E.g. A smell of burnt branches and leaves penetrated the courtyard. 院子里彌漫著一股樹枝和樹葉燒焦的氣味。 The odor of the perfume penetrated the whole classroom. 整個(gè)教室里彌漫著香水

17、的氣味。 Dell penetrated the home-computer market with an affordable new model. 戴爾以大眾購買力可承受的新機(jī)型打入家用電腦市場(chǎng)din: loud, confused noise that continues.(cf. brawl, rout, hubbub, roar) The children were making so much din (such a din) that I couldt concentrate on study (I couldt make myself heard). As Crawford r

18、aised his gavel, the din from below increased to a “baying roar”. The din stopped suddenly when the curtain was raised.fade away: go slowly out of memory, view, hearing; gradually disappear. Daylight faded way. As evening came the coastline faded away into darkness. She became ill and slowly faded a

19、way. Hopes of peace faded.sepulchral: deep, dark, dismal, gloomy sepulchre-grave sepulture-graveyard sepulchral-gloomy, sad a sepulchral monument 墓碑 a sepulchral voice 陰沉的聲音 the sepulchral atmosphere 陰森森的氣氛sepulchral: suggesting death or places where the dead are buried e.g. The curtain rose to reve

20、al a gloomy, sepulchral set for the play. Not a whisper broke the sepulchral silence. “There are punishments worse than death,” he said, in his hollow, sepulchral voice.measured: calm, without unnecessary excitement or noise; steady, slow and deliberate; rhythmical e.g. speak in measured terms Her r

21、esponse to the furor over her new book was calm and measured. Instead of screaming, shouting and humiliating his players to get them to play well, the managers tone is more measured now. She walked downs the hall with measured steps.follow suit: do what has been done by sb. else. The teacher read th

22、e text in a slow, measured tones, and the students followed suit. Tom put his pen in his mouth and Jack followed suit. The little girl jumped over the fence, and her playmates followed suit. Spain cut its rates by half a per cent but no other country has followed suit.Collocation: Spring follows win

23、ter. Follow this road to the corner. I do not quite follow you. follow the worlds affairs It follows (from this) that. as follows (She wrote as follows. It reads as follows.) follow in sb.s steps in what followsDisplay e.g. Syn. exhibit, demonstrate, show off Ant. conceal The exhibition of pictures

24、was criticized because the best paintings were not well displayed. The peacock displayed its fine feathers. display bravery / fear / true feelings / no sign of emotion a notable display of loyalty be too fond of display = show off display flight foreign cars on displayexhibit / demonstrate cf, exhib

25、it: to show in public, as for sale, or in a competition (object, sometimes of an understood type) When we exhibit flowers, animals, childrens drawings, unearthed relics, etc., we want to bring their inherent properties to light. e. g. to exhibit the paintings / flowers / new cars They began to exhib

26、it signs of fear / guilt.Cf. Cf. demonstrate:demonstrate: 1. to show clearly; 2. to prove or make clear, esp by reasoning or giving many examples; 3. to show the value or use of, esp to a possible buyer; 4. to arrange or take part in a public show of strong feeling or opinion, often with marching, b

27、ig signs, etc e.g. Please demonstrate how the machine works. She demonstrated that 2 and 2 are 4. Let me demonstrate our wonderful new machine to you, sir.the order of the day: the normal way of doing things; that which is of the greatest general interest at a p. time; prevailing state of things. Th

28、ey failed to act since confusion was the order of the day at the headquarters. His period was a building age, when competition was the order of the day. Coordination and mutual help have become the order of the day. Going to the dining-hall, hurrying to the classroom and then coming back to the dorm

29、 is the order of the day for the students.more set phrases with “order” A. by order/ under orders: by order of the governor B. in order: be ready Everything is for the departure. C. in orders/ take （holy） orders D. a large/tall order: Getting the crop harvested with so few hands to help was a tall o

30、rder, but we did it. E. to call to order: F. in short order: quickly, instantly,. He hurried away and returned in short order. G. OOO: go wrong, not proper. H. take/obey/give orders; n. /U/ the time when you are not working or doing other duties e.g. Most people only have a limited amount of leisure

31、 (time). The town lacks leisure facilities such as a swimming pool or squash courts. Leisure wear / clothes / garments are clothes that are worn for relaxing in when you are not at work. leisurely: a leisurely action is one that is done in a relaxed way, without hurrying: e.g. We enjoyed a leisurely

32、 picnic lunch on the lawn. Sue ran out of the room in tears, followed, at a more leisurely pace, by her husband.bargain price drive a hard bargain over sth. a real bargain bargainee bargainor bargainer into the bargain: in addition to what has already mentioned or was expected Im tired and extremely

33、 hungry-with a headache into the bargain. the asking price a long (heavy) price a net price current price a selling price a retail price a wholesale price a cost price an administrated price a reduced price price tag/wara point of honor (conscience): sth. of vital importance to ones honor or conscie

34、nce; to ones self-respect It is a point of honor with me /anyone to live an honest and upright life. It was a point of honor with him to avenge any insult to his family.make a point of: regard or treat it as necessary; try ones best to insist on doing sth. He always makes a point of being where he s

35、hould be at the exact time arranged.（be punctual) To realize our goal of the four modernizations, we make a point of learning the strong points of all nations, learning all that is genuinely good in the political, scientific and technical fields and in art and literature. The teachers make a point o

36、f making strict demands on the students. Tourists to Beijing make a point of visiting the Great Wall.deprive sb. of sth: take away; prevent from using or enjoying What would a student do if he were deprived of his books? An accident deprived him of his sight. Too many trees round a house deprive it

37、of light and air. These misfortunes almost deprived him of his reasons. deprivation of ones rights as a citizenat intervals: occasionally at long / short intervals; at regular intervals e.g. Buses are running at 15-minute intervals. He yawned at intervals during the performance. There are farm house

38、s at intervals along the road.impinge: have an effect (impact) on; strike. These decrees impinge on our liberty. Rays of light impinge on the eye. Our countrys sovereignty should by no means be impinged upon. September 11 is a political incident that impinges on everyones life. impinge upon ones aut

39、hority Cf. encroach (on, upon) sbs rights /land Well never allow anybody to encroach upon Chinas territorial integrity and sovereignty.distinct: easily heard, seen, understood away: constantly, continuously The earths shadow on the moon was quite distinct. There is a distinct improvement in her oral

40、 English. He was working away at his academic thesis (dissertation). She was laughing (muttering, grumbling) away.Do you know your own hands?thumbindex ; forefinger; first ; trick middle ; long ring ; third ; medicine small ; little take a hand (in): help, play a part in Dont fool around. Come and t

41、ake a hand in the cleaning. If the strike continues, the government will have to take a hand in the negotiations. That old man also took a hand in digging. Frank always takes a hand in the washing-up after dinner.be (very much) attached to: be fond of; be bound to by love or affection attach: fix; f

42、asten; join; belong to; to cause to join as a member of sth. in action,; to come to; to come from; He attached himself to the group of climbers. His firm attached him to the sales division of the business. No blame/guilt attaches to him for the accident. She is deeply attached to her younger brother

43、. He is foolishly attached to old customs. aid with no conditions attached a bedroom with a bathroom attached a strong attachment to every tree and bush in Cf. attach: (Fr.) a person who is employed to help the representative (ambassador) of one country in another country commercial attach cultural

44、attach legal attach military attach press attach navy attach Cf. clichbellows: a device with an air bag that emits a stream of air when squeezed gloves socks stockings handcuffs galluses trousers scissors tongs galosheslive: live coal live fish a live bomb/cartridge shell a live match live wire a li

45、ve broadcast a live question / issue / topic a live person live metal a live picture live colorsdelicate: very fine in texture or structure; of intricate workmanship or quality porcelain of delicate workmanship delicate health a delicate vase a delicate diplomatic question a delicate sense of smell

46、a delicate ear for musicKitchenware= kitchen utensils Earthenware陶器 Glassware玻璃器具 Silverware Stoneware石器 Woodenware木制用具profusion: plenty; great or too great amount flowers blooming in profusion Bees cluster together in profusion. He is liberal to profusion. varied: implies more than “different”; str

47、esses the idea of full of changes or variety, having numerous forms or types. a varied assortment of candies/birds of varied kinds/live a varied life/varied flowers, fashions, ideas, words, etc.bold: strongly marked; clearly formed the bold outline of a mountain a painting made with a few bold (free

48、 and vigorous) brush strokes bold-finepungent:sharp, stinging to the taste of smell, (comment ,criticism) having sharp and caustic quality pungent article pungent style pungent characters the pungent smell of frying onion pungent gas pungent sauce pungent sarcasm a pungent remarkexotic: not only for

49、eign, but also out of the ordinary; strikingly or excitingly different or unusual (of plants, fashions, words, ideas) introduced from another country; exotic birds They love to visit exotic places. He planted exotics in the sheltered garden. exotica: objects considered strange or interesting because

50、 they are out of the ordinary, especially because they originated from a distant foreign country exotic dancer: striptease dancercamel an Arabian camel 單峰駱駝 a Bactrian (Asian) camel 雙峰駱駝 llama 美洲駝/無峰駝 Bull, cow, calf, flock Camels grunt. # to try to bear sth. unbearablelinseed the seeds of the flax

51、plant, which are the source of linseed oil and linseed cake; linseed oil, a pale yellow oil extracted from linseed, used especially in paint and varnish; linseed cake, pressed linseed used as cattle fooda cavern of a room (metaphor for vividness) Jurgis had to work in the hell of a fertilizer factor

52、y. He was a tyrant of a landlord. They live in a matchbox of a house. Before him stood a little shrimp of a fellow. Delilah is a snake of a woman. Scarlet is a tiny sparrow of a girl.massive: large, heavy, solid, heavy-looking; substantial, impressive a massive monument a massive forehead massive er

53、udite (erudition) a massive dose Compare; huge: immensity of bulk: a pole vast: of extent: a expanse of the sky bulky massy monumental substantial king-size colossalextract: take or get out (by force); obtain by chemical or mechanical operation (pressure, distillation, evaporation, treatment with a

54、solvent The dentist extracted her wisdom tooth. to extract a letter from the pocket; a bullet from a wound, juice from sugarcanes, oil from olive to extract money or information from sb. who is unwilling to give it (cf. extort) vanilla extract lemon beef ramshackle: shaky ramshackle apparatus ramsha

55、ckle building ramshackle table ramshackle old lady ramshackle cottage ramshackle oildrilltower: rise to a great height, be very tall, esp. in relation to the height of the surroundings the skyscrapers tower over New York. Ancient trees towered to the sky. (fig.) a man who towers above his contempora

56、ries ( a person eminent, greatly exceeds in ability, in intellectual or moral qualitiesdwarf: cause to appear/make look small by contrast or distance The big steamer dwarfed our little launch. The new tall building dwarfs all the little shops. Shakespeare dwarfs other dramatists. dwarf: 發(fā)育不完全，畸形大頭的侏

57、儒 midget: 個(gè)子矮小，但其他一切正常的侏儒 pygmy: 矮人，侏儒，（喻智力低下之人） gnome: Humpty-Dumpty:ooze: (of moisture, thick liquids) pass slowly through small openings. Blood was still oozing from the wound in his scalp. The horse was oozing with sweat. No gleam of light oozed from the window. The secret oozed out. Spring ooze

58、s out of a rock. Their courage was oozing away.ooze: (of moisture, thick liquids) pass slowly through small openings As the German psychiatrist Sigmund Freud noted, “Though we may lie with our lips, betrayal oozes out of us at every pore.”glisten: sparkle, shine brightly a big pair of eyes glistenin

59、g with tears His cheeks glistened with tears. There was a glisten of perspiration across her top lip. glistening dew-drops Cf. flash: sudden outburst of flame or light flash of lightning; a flash of wit/hope/ inspiration glow: send out brightness or warmth without flame glowworm; afterglow; Comment

60、on the text Para. 1 Introduction (the noise of the gateway of the bazaar) Para. 2 The mutedness of the cloth-market (in contrast of the noise) Paras. 3-4 The cloth market with leisurely bargaining (one of the peculiarities of) Paras. 5-6 The copper-smiths market with sound and light (one of the most

61、 picturesque and impressive; tiny apprentice against huge leather bellows; extensive use of parrallism) Para 6 Here (to echo Para.7 elsewhere) Para 7 Other markets (the quickening rhythm) Sentence One (carpet-market) Sentence Two (spice-market; food-market) Sentence Three (dye-market, the pottery-ma

62、rket, the carpenters market) a glimpse of a sunlit courtyard (as against a sombre cavern of a room) Para 8 The two processes of making linseed oil full of description of objects, actions and blending of sounds (perhaps the most unforgettable thing; tower / dwarf;) A painting of a description: The au

63、thor extensively applies the technique of contrast: of noise and silence, of brightness and darkness, of heat and coolness, of tiny apprentice and huge leather bellows, of a sunlit courtyard and a sombre cavern of a room to resemble the light and shade, brightness and darkness of a picture. a speedi

64、ng up of the rhythm of the description, which resembles the quickening of the pace of a melody.rhetorical devices employed in the text: dwarf-tower tiny apprentice-huge bellows heat-cool; glare-dark sumptuous dinner-humble mealrhetorical devices employed in the text: Onomatopoeia tingling, clashing, banging 1. Middle-aged: Ho-ho-ho! 2. Drunken woman: Hee-hee-hee! 3. Old woman: Heu-heu-heu! (Chapter 10, Tess of DUrbervilles)rhetorical devices employed in the text: regularly employed in the listing of facts, ideas, events there is the ; The din of