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1、第七節(jié)主從復(fù)合句第七節(jié)主從復(fù)合句考點分類突破考點分類突破 考點四十八關(guān)系詞的選擇 【真題再現(xiàn)】 1(2010全國)As a child, Jack studied in a village school, _ is named after his grandfather. A. whichB. where C. what D. that 答案與解析：A定語從句在逗號之后，可判斷為非限制性定語從句。先行詞a village school在定語從句中作主語，因此用關(guān)系代詞which，故選A項。 2(2010重慶)In China, the number of cities is increasin

2、g _ development is recognized across the world. A. where B. which C. whose D. that 答案與解析：Cwhose在此引導(dǎo)定語從句，并在從句中作定語，先行詞為cities, whose development相當(dāng)于the development of the cities。 3(2010江西)The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister _ she would stay for an hour. A. whe

3、re B. who C. which D. what 答案與解析：A句意：這個女孩被安排與她姐姐一起在培訓(xùn)中心上鋼琴課，在那兒她愿意待上一個小時。where引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，修飾at the training centre。 4(2010湖南)Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school _ I met in the English speech contest last year. A. who B. where C. when D. which 答案與解析：Awho引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞student

4、s。句意：我與好幾位去年在英語演講比賽中結(jié)識的同校同學(xué)成了好朋友。 5(2010天津)Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut? You should try the barbers _ I go. Its only 15. A. as B. which C. where D. that 答案與解析：Cwhere引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句并在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c狀語，定語從句修飾先行詞the barbers，即我去的那個理發(fā)店。 6(2010北京)Children who are not active or _ diet is high in

5、 fat will gain weight quickly. A. what B. whose C. which D. that 答案與解析：Bwhose引導(dǎo)定語從句，和前面的who引導(dǎo)的定語從句并列，共同修飾先行詞children，并且whose在從句中作定語，修飾diet。 7(2010山東)Thats the new machine _ parts are too small to be seen. A. that B. which C. whose D. what 答案與解析：C代替指物的先行詞the new machine，且在從句中作定語，所以用whose。句意：那是臺新機(jī)器，它的

6、零件小得都看不到。 8(2010福建)Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet _ life has developed gradually. A. that B. where C. which D. whose 答案與解析：B句意：Stephen Hawking認(rèn)為地球不可能是唯一的有生命逐漸形成的星球。這是一個由where引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞planet，從句中缺少地點狀語，根據(jù)句意，選B項。 9(2010四川)After graduating from college, I t

7、ook some time off to go travelling, _ turned out to be a wise decision. A. that B. which C. when D. where 答案與解析：B在此，which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代前面句子的內(nèi)容。句意：大學(xué)畢業(yè)后我抽出 一部分時間去旅游，事實證明這是一個明智的選擇。 10(2010陜西)The old temple _ roof was damaged in a storm is now under repair. A. where B. which C. its D. whose 答案與解析：D先行詞Th

8、e old temple和定語從句中的主語roof是所屬關(guān)系，所以要用關(guān)系代詞作定語。關(guān)系代詞作定語時可用“whosen.”，“then.of which”或“of whichthen.”三種結(jié)構(gòu)，此題中采用的是第一種結(jié)構(gòu)。若用另外兩種結(jié)構(gòu)，應(yīng)該是the roof of which或of which the roof。 11(2010全國)I refuse to accept the blame for something _ was someone elses fault. A. who B. that C. as D. what 答案與解析：B“that was someone elses

9、 fault”是定語從句，修飾先行詞something, that在從句中作主語。 【考點詮釋】 解答定語從句中關(guān)系詞的選擇這類題目可采取“先行詞還原法”：第一步，準(zhǔn)確確定先行詞；第二步，將先行詞還原到從句中看看被還原的部分在從句中所作的是什么成分，然后確定選用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞。 關(guān)系詞的選擇主要依據(jù)先行詞在從句中所作的成分，先行詞在從句中作主語、定語、賓語時，選擇關(guān)系代詞(who, whom, that, which, whose)；先行詞在從句中作狀語時，應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞(where，when, why)。 1引導(dǎo)定語從句的9個關(guān)系詞(who, whom, whose, that, wh

10、ich, as, when, where, why)絕大多數(shù)沒有詞義(whose“的”，as“正如”除外)，也就是說當(dāng)它們引導(dǎo)定語從句時，who不能翻譯成“誰”，that不能翻譯成“那個”，where不能譯成“在哪里”等。 2關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是表示人或物的名詞或代詞，并在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。 (1)who, whom，that這些詞代替的先行詞是表示人的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等。 Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想見你的那個人嗎？(wh

11、o/that在從句中作主語) He is the man whom/that I am waiting for. 他就是我正在等待的那個人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語) (2)which，that所代替的先行詞是表示事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等。 (3)關(guān)系代詞that和which的用法區(qū)別 which可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，而that不可以；which可以用在“介詞關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，而that不可以；當(dāng)先行詞是that, those時，引導(dǎo)詞要用which。 This is the teaching building, in front of which stands

12、 a tree. 這是教學(xué)樓，樓前面長著一棵樹。 I have that which you gave me. 我有你給我的那個。 在下面的幾種情況下，只能用that，不能用which。 a先行詞指物，且為不定代詞如all, anything, everything, much, nothing, none, something等時，引導(dǎo)詞只能用that，不能用which。 Is there anything that I can do for you? 我可以幫你什么忙嗎？ b先行詞既有人又有物時，只能用that，不能用which。 The famous writer and his boo

13、k that you referred to just now are wellknown now. 你剛才提到的那位著名作家和他的書現(xiàn)在非常有名。 c先行詞被最高級修飾時，只能用that，不能用which。 This is the worst way that we can use to deal with the problem. 這是我們解決這個問題所能采用的最差的方法。 d先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時，只能用that，不能用which。 He was the first person that passed the driving test. 他是第一個通過駕照考試的人。 e先行詞被the o

14、nly, the very, every, each, all, no, such, some, few, any等詞修飾時，只能用that。 She is the only person that understands me. 她是唯一理解我的人。 3關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的先行詞是表示時間、地點或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。具體用法如下：when指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語；where指地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語；why指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語。 解答這類題目時考生往往不注意判斷先行詞在從句中所作的成分，而是主觀臆斷，看見時間名詞就選when，看見地點名詞就選

15、where，這樣做是不正確的。先行詞是時間名詞或地點名詞時，如果在從句中不作狀語，則不能用when或where引導(dǎo)定語從句，而要用which/that。 I still remember the day which/that we spent together in the city. 我仍然記得我們一起在那座城市度過的那一天。(這里which/that指代the day作spent的賓語) 當(dāng)先行詞是situation, point, case, stage等表示某種情景、狀況的詞時，常用where或in which引導(dǎo)定語從句。 Can you imagine a situation wh

16、ere/in which you can use the word? 你能想象一個能使用這個詞的情景嗎？ 考點四十九“介詞關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句 【真題再現(xiàn)】 1(2010江蘇)The newlybuilt cafe, the walls of _ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work. A. that B. it C. what D. which 答案與解析：D“the walls of which are painted light green”是定語從

17、句，修飾先行詞cafe。which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，代指cafe，在從句中作介詞of的賓語。由于關(guān)系代詞前面有介詞，所以A項錯誤。 2(2010浙江)The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of _ left their village homes for a better life in the city. A. whom B. which C. them D. those 答案與解析：A解答定語從句關(guān)系詞選用題的關(guān)鍵是：在主句中找出先行詞，該從句的先行詞是nearly 1,000 people，然后把先行詞“代入”從句中，

18、判斷其在從句中的“地位”和“作用”，此處先行詞在定語從句中作of的賓語，應(yīng)該用關(guān)系代詞whom，據(jù)此選A項。 【考點詮釋】 1“介詞關(guān)系代詞”中的關(guān)系代詞實際上只有whom(指人)和which(指物)兩個。 2當(dāng)介詞不提至關(guān)系代詞前面時，可以用that/who/whom作介詞的賓語，而且作介詞賓語的關(guān)系代詞往往可以省略。 This is the hero (that/who/whom) we are proud of. 這就是那個我們引以為自豪的英雄。 This is the pen (that/which) I wrote the letter with. 這就是我用來寫信的那支筆。 3“復(fù)

19、合介詞短語關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句常與先行詞用逗號分開，定語從句常用倒裝語序。 He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tall tree. 4“介詞關(guān)系代詞”考查的重點在于“用不用介詞”和“用什么介詞”。因此在答題時考生必須注意解題思路?？忌刹捎谩跋刃性~還原法”將先行詞還原到從句中來確定正確的介詞，具體做法是： (1)把先行詞放在從句中，從句子的意思來判斷用不用介詞和用什么介詞。 (2)注意從句中動詞、形容詞、名詞與介詞的固定搭配。 注意：在一些固定動詞短語中，由于動詞和介詞不可分割，因此不能把介詞置于關(guān)系代詞之前。 T

20、his is the pen which Im looking for.(正確) This is the pen for which Im looking.(錯誤) 考點五十名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞 【真題再現(xiàn)】 1(2010江蘇)I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. Thats _ I dont agree. You should have a more active life. A. where B. how C. when D. what 答案與解析：A說話人在星期天喜歡整天把自己關(guān)在家中聽

21、音樂，答話人對這一點不贊同。答語中“where I dont agree”是表語從句，表示的是抽象概念。假如選擇D項， agree后需要加上介詞。 2(2010四川)How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on _ he goes with, whether his friends or relatives. A. what B. who C. how D. why 答案與解析：B在此who引導(dǎo)賓語從句，并在從句中作with的賓語。句意：一個人享受旅游的程度很大部分取決于他與誰一起旅游，是他的朋友還是他的親戚。 3(2010

22、湖南)Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew _ she was so angry. A. where B. whether C. that D. why 答案與解析：D根據(jù)句意應(yīng)選why，引導(dǎo)賓語從句。句意：Cindy重重地關(guān)上了門，突然哭了起來。辦公室的人都不知道她為什么如此生氣。 4(2010全國)We havent discussed yet _ we are going to place our new furniture. A. that B. which C. what

23、 D. where 答案與解析：D題干中We havent discussed yet后為賓語從句，從句中缺少地點狀語，因此空白處應(yīng)填where，故答案為D項。 5(2010天津)As a new graduate, he doesnt know _ it takes to start a business here. A. how B. what C. when D. which 答案與解析：B賓語從句暗含it takes.to do sth.句型，因此應(yīng)用what引導(dǎo)賓語從句并充當(dāng)從句中的賓語。 【考點詮釋】 1名詞性從句一直是多年來高考的熱點，試題多是考查引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞。引導(dǎo)名詞

24、性從句的引導(dǎo)詞主要分為三類：連接詞(that, whether)、連接代詞和連接副詞。解答此類題目首先要運用簡單句的基本句式，分析從句的成分是否完整。 如果從句缺主語、賓語、表語，一般要考慮選擇連接代詞。如果從句不缺基本成分，即不缺主語、賓語、表語，要參考句意進(jìn)行選擇。可以選擇從屬連詞that，也可以選擇從屬連詞whether或if，有時還可以選擇連接副詞。 2同位語從句 (1)同位語從句是用以解釋說明某一名詞的內(nèi)容和實質(zhì)的從句。不起修飾作用。 (2)同位語從句常用的引導(dǎo)詞有that, whether, why, where, how等，if不引導(dǎo)同位語從句。在同位語從句中，that, whe

25、ther不作成分，其他連接詞具有實義，同時在同位語從句中作句子成分。 (3)通常可跟同位語從句的名詞有fact, news, order, message, doubt, idea, belief, reason, thought, suggestion, question等。 考點五十一that, what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句 【真題再現(xiàn)】 1(2010北京)I want to be liked and loved for _ I am inside. A. who B. where C. what D. how 答案與解析：Cwhat引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，作介詞for的賓語。另外，what在從句中作

26、表語。 2(2010北京)Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was _ it was rather closely modeled on his own life. A. what B. that C. why D. whether 答案與解析：Bthat引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句在句中作表語，注意句型：The reason is/was that.。且that不充當(dāng)句子的任何成分。其他幾項不合題意。 3(2010北京)_ some people regard as a drawback

27、is seen as a plus by many others. A. Whether B. What C. That D. How 答案與解析：B句意：一些人認(rèn)為是缺點的地方在其他人看來是一種優(yōu)勢。what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句作句子的主語，且what在從句中作regard的賓語。其他幾項不合題意。 4(2010福建)We should respect food and think about the people who dont have _ we have here and treat food nicely. A. that B. which C. what D. whether 答案與

28、解析：C句意：我們應(yīng)該重視食物，想想那些得不到我們所擁有的這些的人，好好對待食物。此處考查賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，從句中缺少賓語，故選what作動詞have的賓語。 5(2010山東)Before the sales start, I make a list of _ my kids will need for the coming season. A. why B. what C. how D. which 答案與解析：B引導(dǎo)一個名詞性從句，并在從句中作need的賓語，只能用what。句意：在特價促銷開始之前，我把接下來的這個季節(jié)里孩子所需要的東西列了個清單。 6(2010陜西)It never

29、occurred to me _ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind. A. which B. what C. that D. if 答案與解析：C句意：我從來沒有想到你能成功地說服他改變主意。It occurs to sb. that.的意思為“某人突然想到”，其中that引導(dǎo)主語從句，it為形式主語，指代that從句的具體內(nèi)容。 7(2010浙江)It is uncertain _ side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousa

30、nd patients have taken it. A. that B. what C. how D. whether 答案與解析：B此處是由what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，指代It的具體內(nèi)容，It是形式主語，所以這里選B項。 【考點詮釋】 what與that的區(qū)別 what在名詞性從句中可以作主語、表語或賓語；that在名詞性從句中不作成分，只起連接作用，一般在從句中不缺少主語、表語或賓語時使用。 (1)What we need is time. 我們需要的是時間。(主語從句，what在從句中作賓語，不可以省略) (2)What is needed is time. 所需要的是時間。(主語從句，w

31、hat在從句中作主語，不可以省略) (3)That he failed in the test again really puzzled us. 他又一次沒通過考試，這讓我們迷惑不解。(主語從句，that在從句中不作成分，不可以省略) (4)I dont know that he was seriously ill. 我不知道他病得很嚴(yán)重。(賓語從句，that在從句中不作成分，可以省略) 注意對比以下句子： What_he_said is wrong.他說的話是錯的。 That_he_said_so is wrong.他這么說是錯的。 兩個句子都是主語從句，第一個句子中what作said的賓語

32、；第二個句子中so作said的賓語，that不作成分，不可以省略。 另外，有時句子不缺成分時要用連接副詞，使句子意思更加完整。 The problem is how/where/when/whether we can get more money. 考點五十二whever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句 【真題再現(xiàn)】 1(2010重慶)To improve the quality of our products, we asked for suggestions _ had used the products. A. whoever B. who C. whichever D. which 答案與解析：Awh

33、oever引導(dǎo)賓語從句，并在從句中作主語，相當(dāng)于anyone who。 2(2009湖南)She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do _ it takes to save her life. A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whoever 答案與解析：Cwhichever意為“無論哪個”；however意為“不管多么”；whatever意為“無論什么”；whoever意為“無論誰”。句意：我們準(zhǔn)備無論付出什么代價都要挽救她的生命。故答案選C項。 【考點詮釋】 連接代詞whoever, wh

34、omever, whatever, whichever也可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，在名詞性從句中作主語、賓語。 1whoever意為“任何人”，相當(dāng)于anyone/any person who(定語從句)。whoever在從句中既可作主句的主語，又可作賓語。 Tell whoever you like; it makes no difference to me. (whoever引導(dǎo)賓語從句，且在賓語從句中作like的賓語，此時可換成whomever) Whoever leaves last must lock the door. (whoever引導(dǎo)主語從句，且在主語從句中作主語) 2whomeve

35、r意為“任何人”，相當(dāng)于anyone/any person whom(定語從句)。whomever既可作主句的賓語，又可作從句的賓語，此時均可換成whoever。 Whomever she will marry is none of our business. (whomever引導(dǎo)主語從句，且在主語從句中作動詞marry的賓語) You may dance with whomever you like at the dancing party. (whomever引導(dǎo)賓語從句，且在賓語從句中作like的賓語) 3whatever意為“無論什么；凡是的事”，相當(dāng)于anything that(定

36、語從句)。whatever在從句中可作主語、賓語、表語和定語；作定語時，相當(dāng)于any.that(無論什么的；任何的)。 These wild flowers are so special that I would do whatever I can to save them. (whatever引導(dǎo)賓語從句，且在賓語從句中作do的賓語) This kind of animals will eat whatever food they can find. (whatever引導(dǎo)賓語從句，在賓語從句中作定語，修飾food，并和food一起作find的賓語) 4whichever意為“無論哪一個”，

37、相當(dāng)于any (one)/the one that(定語從句)。whichever在從句中可作主語、賓語、表語和定語；作定語時，相當(dāng)于any of.that(任何一個)。 Whichever team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships. (whichever引導(dǎo)主語從句，在主語從句中作定語修飾team) She will buy whichever is the cheapest. (whichever引導(dǎo)賓語從句，且在賓語從句中作主語) 注意：whatever與whichever的區(qū)別 在表示選擇時，

38、有一定范圍的語境下，用which或whichever；在沒有范圍的情況下則用what或whatever。 Here is 300 yuan. You can buy whatever you like. There are three skirts. You can take whichever you like. 考點五十三引導(dǎo)狀語從句的連詞 【真題再現(xiàn)】 1(2010全國)Mary made coffee _ her guests were finishing their meal. A. so that B. although C. while D. as if 答案與解析：C句意：趁客

39、人們正在吃飯，瑪麗煮好了咖啡。while表示“在期間”，符合語意。因此答案為C項。 2(2010全國)The little boy wont go to sleep _ his mother tells him a story. A. or B. unless C. but D. whether 答案與解析：B句意：如果媽媽不給他講故事，那個小男孩兒就不睡覺。unless表示“除非，如果不”，表示否定的條件，符合句意。or“或者”，表選擇；but“但是”，表轉(zhuǎn)折；whether“是否”。 3(2010全國)Have you finished the book? No, Ive read up

40、to _ the children discover the secret cave. A. which B. what C. that D. where 答案與解析：D答語的意思是：我已經(jīng)讀到了孩子們發(fā)現(xiàn)了那個秘密洞穴的地方。where引導(dǎo)的是地點狀語從句。 4(2010重慶)Today, we will begin _ we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out. A. when B. where C. how D. what 答案與解析：Bwhere在此處引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句。 5(2010江西)Our holiday cos

41、t a lot of money. Did it? Well, that doesnt matter _ you enjoyed yourselves. A. as long as B. unless C. as soon as D. though 答案與解析：A句意：我們度假花了很多錢。是嗎？嗯，只要你們玩得開心，那(花很多錢)是沒有關(guān)系的。as long as“只要”；unless“除非”；as soon as “一就”；though“雖然”。 6(2010遼寧)The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair _ he wanted to s

42、it next to his wife. A. although B. unless C. because D. if 答案與解析：C句意：那個老人讓Lucy去坐另一張椅子，因為他想挨著他妻子坐。后面的從句表示原因，故填because。 7(2010安徽)The engineers are so busy that they have zero time for outdoor sports activities, _ they have the interest. A. wherever B. whenever C. even if D. as if 答案與解析：C句意： 工程師們?nèi)绱嗣β担?/p>

43、以至于他們沒有時間進(jìn)行戶外體育運動，“即使”他們有這種興趣。as if表示“似乎”，不符合語意。 8(2010安徽)Just use this room for the time being, and well offer you a larger one _ it becomes available. A. as soon as B. unless C. as far as D. until 答案與解析：A句意：暫時先用這個房間，一有稍大的房間，我們就提供給你。此處與句中的for the time being相呼應(yīng)。 9(2010湖南)Tim is in good shape physica

44、lly _ he doesnt get much exercise. A. if B. even though C. unless D. as long as 答案與解析：Beven though意為“即使”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。句意：盡管Tim鍛煉得并不多，但他的身材保持得很好。 10(2010北京)_ they decide which college to go to, students should research the admission procedures. A. As B. While C. Until D. Once 答案與解析：Donce在句中引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，表示“一旦

45、”。句意：一旦學(xué)生決定上哪個大學(xué)，他們就應(yīng)該了解一下入學(xué)手續(xù)。其他幾項不合題意。 11(2010山東)The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, _ accompanied by an adult. A. once B. when C. if D. unless 答案與解析：D句意：校規(guī)規(guī)定，任何孩子在白天都不允許出校門，除非有大人陪同，所以選unless。 12(2010福建)The girl had hardly rung the bell _ the doo

46、r was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her. A. before B. until C. as D. since 答案與解析：A這個女孩剛一(幾乎還沒有)按門鈴，門突然被打開了，她的朋友沖出來迎接她。hardly.before“幾乎還沒有就”“剛一就”，暗含“快”。 13(2010四川)Because of the heavy traffic, it was already time for lunch break _ she got to her office. A. since B. that C. when

47、D. until 答案與解析：Cwhen引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。句意：因為交通擁擠，當(dāng)她到達(dá)辦公室時已是午休時間了。 14(2010陜西)John thinks it wont be long _ he is ready for his new job. A. when B. after C. before D. since 答案與解析：C句意：約翰認(rèn)為要不了多久他就會為新工作做好準(zhǔn)備的。before在此處表示兩件事情發(fā)生相隔時間之長或之短。表示相隔時間之長時，常被翻譯成“過了/要過后才”；表示相隔時間之短時常被翻譯成“還沒/未/要不了多久就”。 【考點詮釋】 狀語從句在主從復(fù)合句中修飾主句中的動詞

48、、形容詞或副詞等，可分為時間、地點、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方式、比較、讓步等狀語從句。 1時間狀語從句 由從屬連詞when, whenever, as, while, before, after, till, until, as soon as, hardly.when, no sooner.than, since, the moment/minute/instant, directly, immediately等引導(dǎo)。其中特別需要注意幾點： (1)when的特殊用法：be doing when.正在干某事這時，該句型中when用作并列連詞，表示“那時，這時”。 (2)while的特殊用法：

49、作并列連詞，“而，卻”；作從屬連詞，“盡管”，相當(dāng)于although。 (3)not.until句型的強(qiáng)調(diào)和倒裝用法。 (4)It will be一段時間before.多久之后才 (5)It is一段時間since. (6)It was具體時間when. (7)every time, each time, next time, the first time, the moment/minute/instant.等名詞短語引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，表示“每次”“下次”“第一次”“一就”等。 2地點狀語從句 由where, wherever引導(dǎo)，可放在主句前，也可放在主句后，where指“在某一地方”，w

50、herever指“在任何一個地方”。但若表示抽象意義，則從句要放在主句之前。 3條件狀語從句 一般由if, as long as, unless, once, on condition that以為條件，supposing/suppose如果/假使， on the understanding that以為條件，in case以防，only if只要等引導(dǎo)。 4原因狀語從句 常用的連詞有because, since, as, now (that)既然，seeing that鑒于，considering that考慮到，由于，in(that) 因為等。 5結(jié)果狀語從句與目的狀語從句 結(jié)果狀語從句通

51、常由so that, so.that, such.that來引導(dǎo)；目的狀語從句通常由so that, in order that, in case, for fear that, lest來引導(dǎo)。 6讓步狀語從句 連詞有although/though, whether.or., even though/even if, as, whatever, whoever, whichever, whenever, wherever, however, no matter what/when/how/who/where/which等。 需要注意： (1)although/though一般可互換使用，可以

52、和yet, still連用，但是不能和but連用。 (2)though還可用作副詞，“可是，然而”之意，置于句末，并且有逗號和句子隔開。 (3)as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句要倒裝，把從句中的表語、狀語或者動詞原形置于句首。若表語是名詞，前置時要省略冠詞。 (4)whoever, whatever, whichever等也可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。 7方式狀語從句 由as, just as, as if/though引導(dǎo)。as if/though引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句，如果從句所述的情況可以實現(xiàn)，用陳述語氣；如果從句所述的情況不可能實現(xiàn)，用虛擬語氣。 8比較狀語從句 通常由as.as, not as/so.as, than, the more.the more.引導(dǎo)，比較狀語從句常用省略結(jié)構(gòu)，要特別注意比較內(nèi)容要一致。 9狀語從句中的省略 在狀語從句中，如果主句和從句的主語一致或是it，且謂語動詞中有be的某種形式時，從句的主語和be常省略。