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1、精選優(yōu)質文檔-----傾情為你奉上 2010年全國碩士研究生入學統(tǒng)一考試(英語二)試題 Section I USE of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET1.(10 points) The outbreak of swine flu that was first deteccted in Mexico was declared a global epidemic

2、on june 11,2009. It is the first wotldwide cpidemic__1__by the World Health Organization in41years. The heightened alert __2__an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that assembled after a sharp pise in cases in Australia.and rising __3__in Britain ,japan,Chile and elsewhere. Bur the epiem

3、ic is “__4__”in severity. According to Margaret Chan. The organization’s director general,__5__the overwhelming majorty of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and full recovery. Often in the__6__of any medical treatment. The ourbreak came to gobal__7__in lafe April2009.when Mexican authorities

4、 noted an unusually latge number of hospitalizations and deaths__8__ healthy adults. As much ofMexico City Shut down at the height of a panic,cases began to__9__in New York City.the southwestem United States and atound the world. In the United States, new cases seemed to fade__10__warmer weather ar

5、rived.But in late September 2009,officials reported there was__11__flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the__12__tested are the new swine flu. Also known as(A)H1N1,not seasonal flu.In the U.S.,It has__13__more than one million people,and caused mone than 600 deaths and more than

6、 6,000 hospitalizations. Federal health officials ___14___ Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began __15__ orders from the atates for the new swine flu vaccine.The new vaccine,which is different from the annual flu vaccine,is__16__ ahead of expectations.More than three million dos

7、es were to be made available in early October 2009,though most of those __17__doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type,which is not __18__ for pregnant women,people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties,heart disease or several other__19__.But it was still possible to vaccinate people in ot

8、her high-risk groups;health care workers,people __20__infants and healthy young people. 1 [A] criticized [B] appointed [C]commented [D] designated 2 [A] proceeded [B] activated [C] followed [D] prompted 3 [A] digits [B] numbers [C] amounts [D] sums 4 [A] moderate [B] normal

9、 [C] unusual [D] extreme 5 [A] with [B] in [C] from [D] by 6 [A] progress [B] absence [C] presence [D] favor 7 [A] reality [B] phenomenon [C] concept [D] notice 8. [A]over [B] for [C] among [D] to 9 [A] stay up [B] crop up [C] f

10、ill up [D] cover up 10 [A] as [B] if [C] unless [D] until 11 [A] excessive [B] enormous [C] significant [D]magnificent 12 [A]categories [B] examples [C] patterns [D] samples 13 [A] imparted [B] immerse [C] injected [D] infected 14 [A] released [B] relayed

11、 [C] relieved [D] remained 15 [A] placing [B] delivering [C] taking [D] giving 16 [A] feasible [B] available [C] reliable [D] applicable 17 [A] prevalent [B] principal [C] innovative [D] initial 18 [A] presented [B] restricted [C] recommended [D] introduced 19 [A

12、] problems [B] issues [C] agonies [D] sufferings 20 [A] involved in [B] caring for [C] concerned with [D] warding off Section Ⅱ Reading comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C and D. Mark your an

13、swers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points) Text1 　　The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, “Beautiful Inside My Head Forever”，at Sotheby’s in London on September 15th 2008. All but two pieces sold, fetching more than ￡70m,

14、 a record for a sale by a single artist. It was a last victory. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy. 　The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003. At

15、 its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics, a research firm—double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, en

16、ormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries. 　　In the weeks and months that followed Mr Hirst’s sale, spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable, especially in New York, where the bail-out of the banks coincided with the loss of thousands of jobs and

17、the financial demise of many art-buying investors. In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector—for Chinese contemporary art—they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008.

18、Within weeks the world’s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby’s and Christie’s, had to pay out nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them. 　　The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989, a

19、move that started the most serious contraction in the market since the Second World War. This time experts reckon that prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more fluctuant. But Edward Dolman, Christie’s chief executive, says: “I’m pretty confident we’re at the

20、 bottom.” 　　What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market, whereas in the early 1990s, when interest rates were high, there was no demand even though many collectors wanted to sell. Christie’s revenues in the first half of 2009 were still highe

21、r than in the first half of 2006. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell. The three Ds—death, debt and divorce—still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not ha

22、ve to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return. 　　21.In the first paragraph, Damien Hirst's sale was referred to as “a last victory” because ____. 　　A. the art market had witnessed a succession of victories 　　B. the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bids 　　C. Bea

23、utiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpieces 　　D. it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis 　　22.By saying “spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable”(Line 1-2,Para.3)，the author suggests that_____. 　　A. collectors were no longer actively involved in art-m

24、arket auctions 　　B .people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleries 　　C. art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extent D .works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying 　　23. Which of the following statements is NOT true? 　

25、　A .Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007 to 2008. 　　B. The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum. 　　C. The market generally went downward in various ways. 　　D. Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come. 　　24. The three Ds mentioned in the last paragr

26、aph are ____ 　　A. auction houses ' favorites 　　B. contemporary trends 　　C. factors promoting artwork circulation 　　D. styles representing impressionists 　　25. The most appropriate title for this text could be ___ 　　A. Fluctuation of Art Prices 　　B. Up-to-date Art Auctions 　　C. Art Market in

27、Decline 　　D. Shifted Interest in Arts Text2 　　I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room—a women's group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening one man had been particularly talkative, frequently offering ideas and anecdotes, while his wife sat silent

28、ly beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don't talk to them. This man quickly nodded in agreement. He gestured toward his wife and said, "She's the talker in our family." The room burst into laughter; the man looked puzz

29、led and hurt. "It's true," he explained. "When I come home from work, I have nothing to say. If she didn't keep the conversation going, we'd spend the whole evening in silence." 　　This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations, they

30、often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage. 　　The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late 1970s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book "Divorce Talk" that most of the women she interviewed—but only a few of the me

31、n—gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent，that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year —a virtual epidemic of failed conversation. 　　In my own research complaints from women about their husbands most often

32、 focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning, cooking, social arrangements and errands. Instead they focused on communication: "He doesn't listen to me." "

33、He doesn't talk to me." I found as Hacker observed years before that most wives want their husbands to be first and foremost conversational partners but few husbands share this expectation of their wives. 　　In short the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon sce

34、ne of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face, while a woman glares at the back of it, wanting to talk. 　　26. What is most wives' main expectation of their husbands? 　　A. Talking to them. 　　B. Trusting them. 　　C. Supporting their careers. 　　D. Sharin

35、g housework. 　　27. Judging from the context, the phrase “wreaking havoc”(Line 3,Para.2)most probably means ___ . 　　A. generating motivation. 　　B. exerting influence 　　C. causing damage 　　D. creating pressure 　　28. All of the following are true EXCEPT_______ 　　A. men tend to talk more in publi

36、c than women 　　B. nearly 50 percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversation 　　C. women attach much importance to communication between couples 　　D. a female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse 　　29. Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?

37、 　　A. The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists. 　　B. Marriage break-up stems from sex inequalities. 　　C. Husband and wife have different expectations from their marriage. 　　D. Conversational patterns between man and wife are different. 　　30. In the following part immediately

38、after this text, the author will most probably focus 　on ______ 　　A. a vivid account of the new book Divorce Talk 　　B. a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoon 　　C. other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S. 　　D. a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew H

39、acker Text 3 　　Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors — habits — among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks, apply lotions and wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to

40、 a carefully designed set of daily cues. 　　“There are fundamental public health problems, like dirty hands instead of a soap habit, that remain killers only because we can’t figure out how to change people’s habits,” Dr. Curtis said. “We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behav

41、iors that happen automatically.” 　　The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to — Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever — had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers’ lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines. If you look hard enough, y

42、ou’ll find that many of the products we use every day — chewing gums, skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, antiperspirants, colognes, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitamins— are results of manufactured habits. A century ago, few people regularly

43、 brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today, because of canny advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands. A few decades ago, many people didn’t drink wa

44、ter outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs, and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for us

45、e after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals, slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup. 　　“Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,” said Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gam

46、ble, the company that sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. “Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers’ lives, and it’s essential to making new products commercially viable.” 　　Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning h

47、ave learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through relentless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods. 　　31. According to Dr. Curtis, habi

48、ts like hand washing with soap________. 　　[A] should be further cultivated 　　[B] should be changed gradually 　　[C] are deeply rooted in history 　　[D] are basically private concerns 　　32. Bottled water, chewing gun and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to____ 　　[A] reveal the

49、ir impact on people’s habits 　　[B] show the urgent need of daily necessities 　　[C] indicate their effect on people’s buying power 　　[D] manifest the significant role of good habits 　　33. Which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create people’s habits? 　　[A] Tide 　　[B] Crest

50、 　　[C] Colgate 　　[D] Unilever 　　34. From the text we know that some of consumer’s habits are developed due to _____ 　　[A]perfected art of products 　　[B]automatic behavior creation 　　[C]commercial promotions 　　[D]scientific experiments 　　35. The author’s attitude toward the influence of adver

51、tisement on people’s habits is____ 　　[A] indifferent 　　[B] negative 　　[C] positive 　　[D] biased Text4 　　Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy ar

52、e equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their pe

53、ers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing themselves, rather than electing rep

54、resentatives to govern for them. 　　But as recently as in 1986, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals. In some states, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence, education, and moral character. Although the Supreme Court of the Unit

55、ed States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of Strauder v. West Virginia, the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws. 　　The system also failed to r

56、egularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century. Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898, it was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty. Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personall

57、y asked to have their names included on the jury list. This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the 1960s. 　　In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act, ushering in a new e

58、ra of democratic reforms for the jury. This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community. In the landmark 1975 decision Taylor vs. Louisiana, the Supreme Court extended the requirement that j

59、uries be representative of all parts of the community to the state level. The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors. 　　36. From the principles of the US jury system

60、, we learn that ______ 　　[A]both liberate and illiterate people can serve on juries [B]defendants are immune from trial by their peers 　　[C]no age limit should be imposed for jury service 　　[D]judgment should consider the opinion of the public 　　37. The practice of selecting so-called elite jur

61、ors prior to 1968 showed_____ 　　[A]the inadequacy of antidiscrimination laws 　　[B]the prevalent discrimination against certain races 　　[C]the conflicting ideals in jury selection procedures 　　[D]the arrogance common among the Supreme Court justices 38. Even in the 1960s, women were seldom on

62、the jury list in some states because_____ 　　[A]they were automatically banned by state laws 　　[B]they fell far short of the required qualifications 　　[C]they were supposed to perform domestic duties 　　[D]they tended to evade public engagement 　　39. After the Jury Selection and Service Act was p

63、assed.___ 　　[A] sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolished 　　[B] educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurors 　　[C] jurors at the state level ought to be representative of the entire community 　　[D] states ought to conform t

64、o the federal court in reforming the jury system 　　40. In discussing the US jury system, the text centers on_______ 　　[A]its nature and problems 　　[B]its characteristics and tradition 　　[C]its problems and their solutions 　　[D]its tradition and development Part B Directions: Read the foll

65、owing text and decide whether each of the statements is true or false. Choose T if the statement is true or F it the statement is not true. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(10 points) Copying Birds May Save Aircraft Fuel Both Boeing and Airbus have trumpeted the efficiency of their newest aircr

66、aft. The 787 and 350 respectively . Their clever designs and lightweight composites certainly make a difference . But a group of researchers at Stanford University , led by Ilan Kroo , has suggested that airlines could take a more naturalistic approach to cutting jet-fuel use and it would not require them to buy new aircraft. The answer, says Dr Kroo , lies with birds . Since 1914, scientists have known that birds flying in formation-a V-shape-expend less energy. The air flowing over a bird’s w