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1、專題九介詞和連詞 一、介詞 介詞又叫前置詞，一般置于名詞(或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類或結(jié)構(gòu))之前，在句中不單獨充當(dāng)句子成分，必須與其后的名詞等構(gòu)成介詞短語，才能在句中充當(dāng)一個成分。介詞可分為：簡單介詞(如：at，in，about等)、復(fù)合介詞(如：into，within等)、二重介詞(如：from behind，until after，except in等)、短語介詞(如：according to，because of，in spite of等)以及分詞介詞(如：including)。 常用介詞區(qū)別：表示時間的in，on，atat表示片刻的時間，in表示一段的時間，on總是與日子有關(guān)表示時間的si

2、nce，fromsince指從過去到現(xiàn)在的一段時間，和完成時連用，from指從時間的某一點開始表示時間的in，afterin指在一段時間之后，常用在將來時中，after表示某一具體時間點之后或用在過去時的一段時間中表示地理位置的in，on，toin表示在某范圍內(nèi)，on指與什么毗鄰，to指在某環(huán)境范圍之外表示“在上/里”的on，inon只表示在某物的表面上，in表示占去某物一部分表示“穿過”的through，acrossthrough表示從內(nèi)部通過，與in有關(guān)，across表示在表面上通過，與on有關(guān)between與among的區(qū)別between表示在兩者之間，among用于三者或三者以上的中間

3、besides與except的區(qū)別besides指“除了還有再加上”，except指“除了；減去什么”，不放在句首表示“用”的in，withwith表示具體的工具，in表示材料，方式，方法，度量，單位，語言，聲音as與like的區(qū)別as意為“作為；以地位或身份”，like為“像一樣”，指情形相似in與into的區(qū)別in通常表示位置(靜態(tài))，into表示動向，不表示目的地或位置 學(xué)以致用 .用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空 1(2013大綱卷)A serious study of physics is impossible_some knowledge of mathematics. 2(2013安徽高考)Be

4、fore you pay a visit to a place of interest，look in your local library_a book about it. 3(2013湖北高考)An artist who was recently traveling on a ferry to the southern island discovered_chance a long lost antique Greek vase. 4(2013江蘇高考)I am always delighted when I receive an email from you.With regard_th

5、e party on July 1st，I shall be pleased to attend. 5(2013山東高考)The Smiths are praised_the way they bring up their children. 6(2013陜西高考)The manager wants to see changes in the company，and I am sure he will_time. 7(2013新課標全國卷)It was a real race_time to get the project done.Luckily，we made it. 8(2014江蘇高考

6、)Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usually does pushups too to stay_shape. 9(2014浙江高考)Theres no reason to be disappointed._a matter of fact，this could be rather amusing. 10(2014江西高考)Starting your own business could be a way to achieving financial independence._the other hand，it could jus

7、t put you in debt. 11(2014湖北高考)Check carrots，potatoes，onions and any other vegetables_and immediately use or throw away any which show signs of rotting. 12(2014江西高考)It is unbelievable that Mr. Lucas leads a simple life_his great wealth. 13(2014陜西高考)The Scottish girl _ blue eyes won the first prize i

8、n the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest. 14(2014重慶高考)She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went_the road. 15(2014北京高考)Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves _ half an hour. 16Would you mind not picking the flowers in the garden？They are_everyones enjoyment. 17It saves time

9、 in the kitchen to have things you use a lot_easy reach. 18So，I just looked at her_a questioning expression on my face. 19Nancy suffered_a serious disease and she could no longer walk. 20He asked me to feed the birds for him and said that he would leave the key_his front door in my mailbox. 21I once

10、 took a walk along the street on a Saturday dusk，_a Pepsi can in my hand. 22She stared at me_a few seconds and handed back the money. 23It was a cold and cloudy afternoon. I was on the bus with my children，aged four and two，heading home when it started to rain.I realized this would mean a wet walk h

11、ome_the bus stop. 24Dudley has a history dating back to over 1，000 years，and its famous castle has been there_the 8th century. 25Children need friends_their own age to play with. 答案1.without2.for3.by4.to5.for6.in 7against8.in9.As10.On11.in12.despite 13with14.off15.in16.for17.within18.with 19from20.t

12、o21.with22.for23.from24.since25.of .語篇填空(用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~完成下列短文) Fathers Day occurs 1._the third Sunday 2._June. The idea for creating a day 3._children to honor their fathers began in Spokane，Washington. A woman 4._the name of Sonora Smart Dodd thought 5._the idea for Fathers Day while listening to a Mothers

13、 Day sermon 6._1909. Having been raised 7._her father，Henry Jackson Smart，after her mother died，Sonora wanted her father to know how special he was 8._her. It was her father that made all the parental sacrifices and was，9._the eyes of his daughter，a courageous，selfless，and loving man. Sonoras father

14、 was born in June，so she chose to hold the first Fathers Day celebration 10._Spokane，Washington 11._the 19th of June，1910. In 1924 President Calvin Coolidge announced the third Sunday in June 12._Fathers Day. Roses are the Fathers Day flowers. 答案1.on2.in3.for4.by5.of6.in7.by 8to9.in10.in11.on12.as 二

15、、連詞 1表并列關(guān)系： and，not only.but (also).，neither，nor，neither. nor.等詞連接的并列句，在意義上主要對前一句子作補充或引申，包括肯定和否定兩方面的意義。 Think it over，and youll find a way out. Not only is he himself interested in the subject，but also his students begin to show interest in it. Neither does he work hard，nor does his brother. 2表選擇關(guān)系：

16、or，either.or.連接并列句表示選擇意義。 The children can go with us，or they can stay in. Either you or I am right. You have to move out of the way or the truck cannot get past you.(2012新課標全國卷) 3表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：常用的有but，yet，while等。 Jane said she was ill，yet I saw her in the street just now. Some men are rich，while others are

17、 poor. 【悟一悟參透誤區(qū)】 however另起新句，用逗號與句子隔開；but不需另起新句；while既表示對比，又表轉(zhuǎn)折。 He tried hard to catch up with his classmates，but he failed.Mr.White is fat，while his wife is very thin. James thought his explanation was convincing.However，nobody believed him. 4表因果關(guān)系：常用的有so，for。 Some animals carry seeds from one pla

18、ce to another so plants can spread to new places.(2014北京高考) 5when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，意為“正在這時”，表示某件事正在發(fā)生或剛剛發(fā)生時，突然發(fā)生另一動作： Tom was about to close the window when his attention was caught by a bird. We were having a meeting when someone broke in. 【悟一悟參透誤區(qū)】 when還可表原因，意為“既然”。 How can I help them to understand when t

19、hey wont listen to me? 6before (1)若表達“還未就；不到就；才；趁；還沒來得及就”時，需要連詞before。 The girl had hardly rung the bell before the door was opened suddenly，and her friend rushed out to greet her.(2010福建高考) Please write it down before you forget it. (2)It will be一段時間before.“多久之后才”。 John thinks it wont be long befor

20、e he is ready for his new job. Its quite a time since he got injured，but it wont be long before he returns to the court. 學(xué)以致用 .用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞填空 1(2014天津高考)Give me a chance，_ Ill give you a wonderful surprise. 2(2013大綱卷)I was glad to meet Jenny again，_I didnt want to spend all day with her. 3(2013四川高考)Read t

21、his story，_you will realize that not everything can be bought with money. 4(2013新課標全國卷)Theres no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery_another man，also intelligent，fails. 5(2013重慶高考)Its not easy to change habits，_with awareness and selfcontrol，it is possible. 6Bring the flowers int

22、o a warm room_theyll soon open. 7One Friday，we were packing to leave for a weekend away_my daughter heard cries for help. 8The problem was a little hard，_I was able to work it out. 9I then realized she had no arms_legs，just a head，neck and torso. 10He took the old man not just across the river，_to h

23、is home. 11The government of a developed country may well prefer to see a slowly increasing population，rather than one which is stable_in decline. 12Stand over there_youll be able to see the oil painting better. 13He found it increasingly difficult to read，_his eyesight was beginning to fail. 14We w

24、ere swimming in the lake_suddenly the storm started. 15We are going to the bookstore in Johns car.You can come with us_you can meet us there later. 16At last，we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade_sat down to eat our picnic lunch. 17Some of us dont have much pocket money，_t

25、hey feel unhappy. 1879.3% of the surveyed netizens say that their main motivation is to help their parents to live a better life_67.7% claim that they work hard in order to change their own fate. 19It looked like rain._，it is clear this morning. 20She said that it was so，she was mistaken，_ 21The fil

26、m is short_interesting. 22It often rains in the south，_it seldom rains in the north. 23_I admit he is good at maths，I dont think he is a gifted boy. 答案1.and2.but3.and4.while5.but6.and7.when8.but/yet9.or10.but11.or12.and 13for14.when15.or16.and17.so18.while 19However20.however21.but22.while23.While .

27、翻譯句子 1昆明的天氣不會太冷或太熱，氣候十分宜人。(neither. nor) _ 答案The weather in Kunming is neither too cold nor too hot.The climate is very pleasant. 2他可能病了，因為他今天沒來開會。(for) _ 答案He may be ill，for he is absent from the meeting today. 3你進來時，我正和幾個小男孩說話。(when) _ 答案When you came in，I was talking with a few boys. 4確保沒有錯誤后再交試卷

28、。(before) _ 答案Dont hand in your paper before you are sure there are no mistakes. .語篇填空(用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞完成下列短文) It may help you to know 1._there is no such thing as a perfect speech. At some point in every speech，every speaker says something that is not understood exactly 2._he has planned. Fortunately，the mo

29、ments are usually not obvious to the listeners. Why？3._the listeners do not know 4._the speaker plans to say.They hear only 5._the speaker does say. 6._you lose your place for a moment，wrongly change the order of a couple of sentences，or forget to pause at a certain point，no one will be any the wise

30、r. 7._such moments occur，dont worry about them.Just continue as if nothing happened. 8_you do make an obvious mistake during a speech，that doesnt really matter. In fact，the listeners are not looking for a perfect performer. They are looking for a wellthoughtout speech that expresses the speakers ideas clearly and directly. 9._you work on your speech，dont worry about being imperfect. 10._you free your mind of this，you will find it much easier to give your speech freely. 答案1.that2.as3.Because4.what5.what6.If 7When8.Even if9.As10.Once