《高中生物 第3章 生物群體的動態(tài)平衡 3.2 生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)課件 北師大版必修3》由會員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《高中生物 第3章 生物群體的動態(tài)平衡 3.2 生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)課件 北師大版必修3（23頁珍藏版）》請?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、第2節(jié)群落的相對穩(wěn)定MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透

2、析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理1.識別群落及其結(jié)構(gòu)類型。2.區(qū)別群落演替的類型。3.應(yīng)用生態(tài)位理論分析具體問題。MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析

3、SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISH

4、I SHULI知識梳理一二三一、群落的結(jié)構(gòu)占有一定空間的所有生物種群的集合體,稱為群落。1.群落中的物種多樣性(1)物種多樣性:群落中的物種比較多,彼此之間關(guān)系錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜。物種多樣性是代表群落組織水平和功能的基本特征。辛普森指數(shù)是測定群落組織水平的指標(biāo)之一,辛普森指數(shù)大,表示物種多樣性程度高。(2)優(yōu)勢種:群落中如果一個(gè)物種不僅數(shù)量多,而且生產(chǎn)量大,在群落結(jié)構(gòu)中起主要作用,它就是該群落的優(yōu)勢種。MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)

5、航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNA

6、N JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理一二三2.群落的垂直結(jié)構(gòu)(1)特點(diǎn):群落具有分層現(xiàn)象。(2)意義:群落的分層使單位面積上可容納的生物數(shù)目增多,使這些生物充分利用環(huán)境條件,大大減弱它們之間的競爭,而使群落保持相對穩(wěn)定。MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODA

7、OHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理一二三3.群落的水平結(jié)構(gòu)(1)特點(diǎn):群落中各物種在水平方向上的分布具有不均勻性。群落中的生物以斑塊狀

8、出現(xiàn),不同斑塊上生物的種類、數(shù)量等都有不同。(2)意義:生物群落的不均勻性,使群落的穩(wěn)定性增高。MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHU

9、LI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理一二三二、生物在群落中的生態(tài)位1.生態(tài)位的概念(1)概念:生物種群在群落中的生活方式和它們在時(shí)間和空間上占有的地位,稱為生態(tài)位。具有三維結(jié)構(gòu)的生態(tài)位模型:(2)作用:生態(tài)位是種群賴以生存的“職業(yè)”。(3)生態(tài)位的種類:基礎(chǔ)生態(tài)位和現(xiàn)實(shí)生態(tài)位。M

10、UBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYAN

11、LIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理一二三2.生態(tài)位的重疊與競爭生態(tài)位重疊越多的物種,競爭越激烈。激烈競爭的結(jié)果,可能使其中一個(gè)物種趨于滅絕。生態(tài)位重疊MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOU

12、XI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚

13、焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理一二三3.生態(tài)位的分化(1)生態(tài)位分化:生態(tài)位有重疊的物種,通過自然選擇作用,生態(tài)位發(fā)生變化,從而減少或排除競爭,使它們共同生存下來,這種現(xiàn)象稱為生態(tài)位分化。(2)生態(tài)位分化的原因:是生物對環(huán)境的長期適應(yīng)以及自然選擇的結(jié)果。生態(tài)位分化如上圖,兩個(gè)生態(tài)位有重疊的物種經(jīng)過自然選擇,生態(tài)位分化,重疊部分c縮小或消失,兩個(gè)物種相安無事。MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透

14、析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHIS

15、HI SHULI知識梳理一二三三、群落的演替1.群落的演替在一定地域內(nèi),群落隨時(shí)間而變化,由一種類型轉(zhuǎn)變成另一種類型的過程,稱為群落的演替。2.群落演替的類型(1)初級演替:地衣階段苔蘚階段草本植物階段灌木階段森林階段。(2)次級演替:當(dāng)環(huán)境條件改變或人為干擾引起原有群落一定程度的破壞后,在新的環(huán)境條件下發(fā)生的演替,稱為次級演替。3.頂級群落當(dāng)一個(gè)群落演替到同環(huán)境處于平衡狀態(tài)的時(shí)候,演替就不再進(jìn)行了。經(jīng)過一系列的演替過程,最終達(dá)到平衡狀態(tài)的群落,稱為頂級群落。MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難

16、聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI

17、TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理1231.種群與群落的比較、群落與物種的關(guān)系(1)種群是指一定自然區(qū)域內(nèi)的同種生物個(gè)體之和;群落是指生活在一定自然區(qū)域內(nèi)的所有種群的集合,包括所有動物、植物及微生物。(2)種群內(nèi)的不同個(gè)體通過種內(nèi)關(guān)系(種內(nèi)互助、種內(nèi)斗爭等)組成一個(gè)有機(jī)整體,群落則是不同種群之間通過種間關(guān)系(互利共生、競爭、寄生、捕食等)形成的有機(jī)整體。(3)種群具有種群密度、出生率和死亡率、年齡結(jié)構(gòu)、性別比等特征;群落是生物種群組合成的更高層次的群體,具有種間關(guān)系、群落結(jié)構(gòu)等特征。MUBIAODAOHA

18、NG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZH

19、ONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理123(4)個(gè)體、種群和群落的關(guān)系圖解(5)群落與物種的關(guān)系:群落是在一定區(qū)域中各種生物種群的集合,同一群落由不同物種的個(gè)體構(gòu)成,同一物種的個(gè)體以種群形式分布在不同的群落中。MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODA

20、OHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演

21、練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理1232.比較群落的垂直結(jié)構(gòu)和水平結(jié)構(gòu) MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZH

22、ISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理1233.初級演替和次級演替的比較 MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOH

23、ANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練Z

24、HONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理題型一題型二題型三【例1】 南極冰藻是以硅藻為主的一大類藻類植物,長期生長在南極海冰區(qū)-24 的環(huán)境中,其最適生長溫度為2 。磷蝦主要以南極冰藻為食,企鵝主要以磷蝦為食。自1975年以來,磷蝦種群密度急劇下降。下列敘述錯(cuò)誤的是 ()A.南極冰藻組成了一個(gè)種群B.企鵝種群密度也會隨著磷蝦種群密度下降而下降C.南極冰藻、磷蝦、企鵝與該海冰區(qū)的其他生物組成群落D.-22 范圍內(nèi),隨著溫度升高南極冰藻的光合作用強(qiáng)度增大MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN

25、 JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)

26、導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理題型一題型二題型三解析:南極冰藻是生活在極寒地區(qū)的以硅藻為主的許多藻類植物類群,不是同一物種,所以不能稱作種群,A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。南極存在著這樣一條食物鏈:冰藻磷蝦企鵝,所以企鵝種群密度也會隨著磷蝦種群密度的下降而下降,B項(xiàng)正確。南極區(qū)域內(nèi)所有生物構(gòu)成群落,南極冰藻、磷蝦、企鵝與該海冰區(qū)的其他生物組成群落,C項(xiàng)正確。-22 范圍內(nèi),隨著溫度升高,酶活性增強(qiáng),南極冰藻的光合作用強(qiáng)度增大,D項(xiàng)正確。答案:AMUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典

27、例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZH

28、ISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理題型一題型二題型三【例2】 我國西南橫斷山區(qū)被公認(rèn)為全球生物多樣性的關(guān)鍵地區(qū),不同海拔區(qū)域蝶類物種多樣性研究結(jié)果見下表。下列有關(guān)敘述,正確的是()MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGY

29、ANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知

30、識梳理題型一題型二題型三A.不同垂直帶的植被類型差異是群落演替的結(jié)果B.不同垂直帶的植被類型差異反映了群落的空間結(jié)構(gòu)特征C.蝶類物種多樣性與各垂直帶植被類型無關(guān)D.蝶類物種多樣性與各垂直帶氣候特征有關(guān)解析:不同垂直帶的植被類型差異是光照、溫度(隨海拔增加而下降)等外界因素作用的結(jié)果。不同垂直帶的植被類型差異只反映了群落的水平結(jié)構(gòu)特征,沒有反映垂直結(jié)構(gòu)特征。答案:DMUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例

31、透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHI

32、SHI SHULI知識梳理題型一題型二題型三【例3】 某島嶼由海底火山噴發(fā)形成,現(xiàn)已成為旅游勝地,島上植被茂盛,風(fēng)景優(yōu)美。下列敘述不正確的是()A.該島嶼不同地段物種組成上的差異是群落水平結(jié)構(gòu)的體現(xiàn)B.該島嶼形成后最初進(jìn)行的群落演替屬于次級演替C.旅游可能使島上的群落演替按照不同于自然演替的速度進(jìn)行D.該島嶼一定發(fā)生過漫長的群落演替過程解析:該島嶼由火山噴發(fā)形成,剛形成的島嶼上從來沒有被植被所覆蓋,所以在這個(gè)條件下進(jìn)行的是初級演替。答案:BMUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI S

33、HULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析S

34、UITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理1 2 3 4 51下列關(guān)于物種多樣性的敘述,不正確的是()A.群落中物種多樣性的程度可用辛普森指數(shù)表示B.不同群落物種多樣性的程度不同C.從赤道到北極,群落的辛普森指數(shù)逐漸增大D.辛普森指數(shù)越高的群落,其結(jié)構(gòu)一般越復(fù)雜解析: 從赤道到北極,物種種類逐漸減少,故群落的辛普森指數(shù)逐漸減小。答案:CMUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目

35、標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONG

36、NAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理1 2 3 4 52某校園有一片草坪和一片樹林,下列關(guān)于這兩個(gè)群落中動物分層現(xiàn)象的敘述,正確的是()A.草坪和樹林中的動物都具有分層現(xiàn)象B.草坪和樹林中的動物都沒有分層現(xiàn)象C.只有草坪和樹林混雜在一起時(shí)動物才具有分層現(xiàn)象D.草坪中的動物沒有分層現(xiàn)象,而樹林中的動物具有分層現(xiàn)象解析:任何一個(gè)群落中的動物都有分層現(xiàn)象,因而草坪和樹林中的動物也不例外,都具有分層現(xiàn)象。答案:AMUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識

37、梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANG

38、YANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理1 2 3 4 53歐洲極品海水魚類地中海鰨魚,目前在威海市人工育苗成功。在威海市水產(chǎn)研究所有8個(gè)池塘,其中6個(gè)池塘養(yǎng)的是鯽魚,另外2個(gè)池塘養(yǎng)的是地中海鰨魚,那么,這8個(gè)池塘里的魚是()A.一個(gè)群落B.一個(gè)物種C.兩個(gè)種群D.八個(gè)種群解析:8個(gè)池塘里有6個(gè)池塘養(yǎng)鯽魚,2個(gè)池塘養(yǎng)地中海鰨魚,每個(gè)池塘中的全部鯽魚為一個(gè)種群,每個(gè)池塘中的全部地中海鰨魚為一個(gè)種群。鯽魚和地中海鰨魚不屬于同一個(gè)物種。8個(gè)池塘中的魚不能構(gòu)成一個(gè)群落。答案:DMUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUIT

39、ANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SH

40、ULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理1 2 3 4 54角馬、牛、羊如果單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)時(shí),都會吃草的莖部。如果同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在一個(gè)區(qū)域時(shí),就會一個(gè)吃草的莖、一個(gè)吃草的根、一個(gè)吃其他植物,這說明()A.生物的生態(tài)位發(fā)生了變化B.各種生物之間沒有競爭了C.各生物的競爭更加激烈了D.生物的生態(tài)位是固定不變的解析:由取食相同的生態(tài)位重疊,到取食不同的生態(tài)位分化,這種生態(tài)位的變化有助于減弱競爭,使各種生物都生存下來。答案:AMUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANL

41、I TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJI

42、AO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理1 2 3 4 55下列哪項(xiàng)不是自然條件下群落演替的趨勢?()A.生物種類越來越多B.種間關(guān)系越來越復(fù)雜C.有些物種可能滅絕D.生物種類越來越少解析自然條件下的群落演替過程是群落內(nèi)部的動態(tài)變化過程,在這個(gè)過程中,各種生物的生存條件都在發(fā)生變化,生物的生命活動也會改變環(huán)境,被改變了的環(huán)境反過來影響生物的生存,因此有些生物種類可能滅絕,但從總體趨勢來看,生物種類會越來越多,種間關(guān)系也會越來越復(fù)雜。答案D