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1、. the Passive Voice （被動語態(tài)）（被動語態(tài)）文綜之家 http:/ 一：英語的謂語動詞有兩種語態(tài)一：英語的謂語動詞有兩種語態(tài)We speak English.主語主語謂語謂語賓語賓語English is spoken by us.主語主語謂語謂語賓語賓語賓變主賓變主,主變賓主變賓,前加前加by主動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)主變被解題步驟主變被解題步驟:1. 找賓語找賓語 -即動作的承受者即動作的承受者They make shoes in that factory. Shoes2. 判斷賓語的單復(fù)數(shù)判斷賓語的單復(fù)數(shù) -即即be動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)動詞的單復(fù)數(shù).arewere3. 判斷動詞的時態(tài)判斷

2、動詞的時態(tài) -即即be動詞的時態(tài)動詞的時態(tài).4. 修改謂語的時態(tài)修改謂語的時態(tài) -即原句動詞改為過去分詞即原句動詞改為過去分詞 made5. 修改原句的主語修改原句的主語 -即即by+ 主語主語/ 賓語賓語. by them in that factory. 1. Tom broke the window. The window was broken by Tom. 2.He broke the windows. The windows were broken by him. Be要隨著主語變要隨著主語變邏輯主語邏輯主語by來引來引被動語態(tài)的大體構(gòu)成：被動語態(tài)的大體構(gòu)成： Be + PP（過去

3、分詞）（過去分詞）主動語態(tài)變被動之歌：主動語態(tài)變被動之歌：被動語態(tài)強調(diào)賓，被動語態(tài)強調(diào)賓，be后加上過去分。后加上過去分。Be要隨著主語變，人稱時態(tài)要弄準。要隨著主語變，人稱時態(tài)要弄準。行為對象作主語，行為對象作主語， 邏輯主語邏輯主語by來引。來引。1. They make shoes in that factory. 主語主語+及物動詞及物動詞+賓語賓語Shoes are made (by them) in that factory.一般現(xiàn)在時被動結(jié)構(gòu)：一般現(xiàn)在時被動結(jié)構(gòu)： am/is /are +過去分詞過去分詞Exercise:Exercise:2. They bought ten c

4、omputers last term Ten computers were bought (by them) last term.一般過去時被動結(jié)構(gòu)：一般過去時被動結(jié)構(gòu)： was/were +過去分詞過去分詞Exercise:3. Some workers are painting the rooms nowThe rooms are being painted by some workers now.現(xiàn)在進行時被動結(jié)構(gòu)：現(xiàn)在進行時被動結(jié)構(gòu)： am/is/are + being +PPExercise:Exercise:They are playing volleyball now.Volle

5、yball is being played (by them) now4.She was interviewing the famous man at this time yesterday.The famous man was being interviewed by her 過去進行時被動結(jié)構(gòu)：過去進行時被動結(jié)構(gòu)： was/were + being +PPExercise:He was playing basketball at 8:00 last night.Basketball was being played at 8:00 yesterday.5.They will finish

6、the work in ten days.The work will be finished (by them)in ten days.一般將來時被動結(jié)構(gòu)：一般將來時被動結(jié)構(gòu)： will+ be +過去分詞過去分詞be going to + be + ppExercise:The girl will finish her homework in twenty minutes.Her homework will be finished( by the girl) in twenty minutes.6. He said the workers would build a new school i

7、n two weeks.He said a new school would be built in two weeks.過去將來時被動構(gòu)成：過去將來時被動構(gòu)成： would + be + pp7.Aby can take good care of Tina Tina can be taken good care of by Aby.情態(tài)動詞變被動：情態(tài)動詞變被動：情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞 + be+過分過分Exercise:8.We have made twenty keysTwenty keys have been made by us.現(xiàn)在完成時被動結(jié)構(gòu)：現(xiàn)在完成時被動結(jié)構(gòu)： have/has

8、+ been+過去分詞過去分詞Exercise:9.We had seen this film before you came here.This film had been seen by us before you came here.過去完成時被動結(jié)構(gòu)：過去完成時被動結(jié)構(gòu)： had +been +PPExercise:The doctor knew that he had known his problem. The doctor knew that his problemhad been known by him.各種時態(tài)的被動情況：各種時態(tài)的被動情況：一般現(xiàn)在時：一般現(xiàn)在時： 一般過

9、去時：一般過去時： 現(xiàn)在進行時：現(xiàn)在進行時：過去進行時：過去進行時：現(xiàn)在完成時：現(xiàn)在完成時： 過去完成時：過去完成時： 一般將來時：一般將來時：過去將來時：過去將來時：情態(tài)動詞變被動：情態(tài)動詞變被動：am / is / are donewas / were doneam / is / are being donewas / were being donehave / has been donehad been doneshall / will be donebe going to be donewould/should +be+ done情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞+be+ doneExercise: P

10、ick out the passive voice We have an old musical instrument. It was called clavichord It was made in 1681. Our clavichord is kept in the living room. It has belonged to our family for a long time. The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago. Recently it was damaged by a visitor. She t

11、ried to play jazz on it! She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken. My father was shocked. We arent allowed to touch it. Now it is being repaired by a friend of my fathers.Exercises:一.選擇填空:1. Windows of glass.A.be made B. is made C. are made D. been made2. The house in 2004.A.i

12、s built B. is building C. was built D. used3. A coat can for keeping warm.A.be used B. is used C. been used D. usedCCA4. Watches_ Shanghai. A. are made in B. is made C. are made from D. made5. This desk is made _ wood. A. of B. from C. in D. by6.The things on show were _ the old days. A. used B. use

13、d to C. used for D. used in7. Silk _ in Hangzhou and Suzhou A. is produced B. are produced C. produced D. is produces A A DA1. I was given a book by him. (間賓作主）間賓作主）He gave me a book. (變被動）變被動）主語主語謂語謂語間賓間賓直賓直賓2. A book was given to me by him.My mother bought me a birthday cake. 主語謂語謂語間賓間賓直賓1. I was

14、bought a birthday cake by my mother.2. A birthday cake was bought for me by my mother.帶有雙賓語的動詞變?yōu)楸粍痈柚{：帶有雙賓語的動詞變?yōu)楸粍痈柚{：原句若是雙賓語，一變主來一保賓。原句若是雙賓語，一變主來一保賓。間賓要把主語變，原來直賓還是賓。間賓要把主語變，原來直賓還是賓。直賓要把主語變，間賓前加直賓要把主語變，間賓前加to或或for。變?yōu)楸粍訒r，間賓前加變?yōu)楸粍訒r，間賓前加to 的帶有雙賓的帶有雙賓語的動詞有：語的動詞有：14個個bring, teach, pass, hand, give, lend, r

15、efuse,leave, promise, tell, return, show, send , write.變?yōu)楸粍訒r，間賓前加變?yōu)楸粍訒r，間賓前加for 的帶有雙賓語的的帶有雙賓語的動詞有：動詞有：5個個buy, get, do, pay, sing.把下列句子變?yōu)橹鲃诱Z態(tài)：1.They made shoes in that factory.2.They will make shoes in that factory.3.They would make shoes in that factory.4.They can make shoes in that factory.5.They ha

16、ve made shoes in that factory.6.They had made shoes in that factory.7.They are making shoes in that factory.8.They were making shoes in that factory帶復(fù)合賓語的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)帶復(fù)合賓語的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)（）（）make sb. do sth. sb. be made to do sth.Mr Green made Jim do his homework at home.Jim was made to do his homework by Mr Green

17、 at home.watch let havehear see notice原句若是雙賓語，一變主來一保賓。原句若是雙賓語，一變主來一保賓。間賓要把主語變，原來直賓還是賓。間賓要把主語變，原來直賓還是賓。直賓要把主語變，間賓前加直賓要把主語變，間賓前加to或或 for。情態(tài)動詞變被動，情態(tài)加情態(tài)動詞變被動，情態(tài)加be加過分。加過分。 1.Our school _in 2002.(開辦)2.The young trees must_ _ _well.(照顧)3. _ this building_(建成)last year?4.The book _ _(寫)by him last year.5.

18、The bridge _ _(不建造)in1989.6.The 29th Olympic Games will_ _ (舉行) in Beijing in 2008.was opened be looked afterWas built was writtenwasnt builtbe held1.People use knives for cutting things.Knives _ _ for cutting things.2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.The windows of th

19、eir classroom_ _ twice a month. are usedarecleaned(變被動語態(tài)）變被動語態(tài)）七嘴八舌3.I found the ticket on the floor._ _ _ _ on the floor.4.I told her to return the book in time.She _ _ to return the book in time.The ticket was found was told3. We found the ticket on the floor .5. His doctor made him have only two

20、meals a day.He _ _ _ _ only two meals a day.6.Now people can use computers to help them.Now computers _ _ _ to help them. was made to have can be used7. Did you plant many trees at this time last year?_ _ _ _ at this time last time?8.Must we finish our work today?_ our work_ _ today?Were many trees

21、plantedMust be finished9. The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps.1) _ _ _ some wonderful stamps.2) Some wonderful stamps _ _ _ _. we were given were given to us10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer.Tom _ _ to turn on the computer.11.In this factory women do most of the work. Mo

22、st of the work _ _ by women in this factory. was asked is done12.He can mend the bike in two days.The bike _ _ _ in two days.13.You must take this medicine three times a day.This medicine _ _ _ three times a day. can be mended must be taken14.The students in this school study German.German _ _ by th

23、e students in this school.15.Do they often talk about this question?_ this question often _ about _ _? is studiedIs talked by themAnswer right or wrong 1.必須照看好孩子們。必須照看好孩子們。 The children must be taken good care .( ) The children must be taken good care of .( ) 2.這本書是魯迅寫的。這本書是魯迅寫的。 This book was wrote

24、 by Lu Xun.( ) This book was written by Lu Xun.( ) 3.昨天那支筆是他給我的。昨天那支筆是他給我的。 That pencil was given me by him yesterday.( ) That pencil was given to me by him yesterday.( )WRWRWR 4.這輛自行車能修嗎？這輛自行車能修嗎？ Can this bike mended?( ) Can this bike be mended?( ) 5.街道已由他們清理了。街道已由他們清理了。 The street has been cleane

25、d by they.( ) The street has been cleaned by them.( )WRWRThey made shoes in that factory.They will make shoes in that factory.They would make shoes in that factory.They can make shoes in that factory.They have made shoes in that factory.They had made shoes in that factory.They are making shoes in th

26、at factory.They were making shoes in that factory.(2) see sb. doing sth. sb. be seen doing sth.I saw him playing football at that moment.He was seen playing football at that moment.hear / watch /.We often hear them sing this song.They are often heard to sing this song (by us).This song is often hear

27、d (by us) to be sung (by them).一感二聽三使四看feel / hear listen/ make have let/ look see watch notice這十大動詞在主動句中動詞用原形，但在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時必須加上to使用口訣：感使動詞真奇怪， to在句子像妖怪。主動句里to 走開，被動句里to回來。動詞let要除外， to詞可來可不來。Bob sent Kate a letter last year.=Kate was sent a letter by Bob last year.=A letter was sent to Kate by Bob last

28、year.tell ask bring write give teach pass lendtoHe told Jim a story.Mum made me a new dress.I was made a new dress by Mum.A new dress was made for me by Mum.make buy drawforI bought my brother a book.注意注意:約翰打開了收音機。約翰打開了收音機。John turned on the radio.The radio was turned on.奶奶照看我姐姐。奶奶照看我姐姐。Grandma take

29、s care of my sister.My sister is taken care of by Grandma.注：千萬不要遺漏介詞或副詞。注：千萬不要遺漏介詞或副詞。We must speak to old people politely.Old people must be spoken to politely.They said that he would come back soon.It was said that he would come back soon.類似的還有：類似的還有：It is reported / believed / hoped / supposed th

30、at .We report 1). 不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)。不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)。 如：如：belong, happen, take place, last, come true, remain, succeed, fall, die, arrive, 等。等。 * Great changes have taken place in this city. * That bike doesnt belong to Mike. 2) 表示靜態(tài)的及物動詞不用被動語態(tài)表示靜態(tài)的及物動詞不用被動語態(tài)have / fitI have a TV set.The coat fits me well.3）祈使

31、句一般沒有被動語態(tài)。祈使句一般沒有被動語態(tài)?！菊菊縇ook at the blackboard，please 【誤【誤】The blackboard is looked at by you 4.系動詞沒有被動態(tài)和進行時態(tài)系動詞沒有被動態(tài)和進行時態(tài)這魚味道很好。這魚味道很好。這條圍巾摸上去很軟。這條圍巾摸上去很軟。The fish tastes good.The scarf feels soft.5.反身代詞在句中作賓語時，不能用被動語態(tài)。例如：反身代詞在句中作賓語時，不能用被動語態(tài)。例如： 【正【正】You must look after yourself 【誤【誤】Yourself must be looked after 4.某些動詞形式是主動，但含有被動的意思。某些動詞形式是主動，但含有被動的意思。這書很好賣。這書很好賣。這種布很好洗。這種布很好洗。The book sells well.This kind of cloth washes very well.這書賣完了。這書賣完了。The book is sold out.