32-5t吊鉤橋式起重機提升機構設計【說明書+CAD】,說明書+CAD,32-5t吊鉤橋式起重機提升機構設計【說明書+CAD】,32,吊鉤,橋式起重機,提升,機構,設計,說明書,CAD 湖南科技大學本科生畢業(yè)設計（論文） 外文文獻 橋式起重機是橫架于車間、倉庫和料場上空進行物料吊運的起重設備。由于它的兩端坐落在高大的水泥柱或者金屬支架上，形狀似橋。橋式起重機的橋架沿鋪設在兩側高架上的軌道縱向運行，可以充分利用橋架下面的空間吊運物料，不受地面設備的阻礙。它是使用范圍最廣、數(shù)量最多的一種起重機械。 橋式起重機是現(xiàn)代工業(yè)生產和起重運輸中實現(xiàn)實現(xiàn)生產過程 機械化、自動化得重要工具和設備。 所以橋式起重機在室內外工礦企業(yè)、鋼鐵化工、鐵路交通、港口碼頭以及物流周轉等部門和場所均得到廣泛的運用。 橋式起重機可分為普通橋式起重機、簡易梁橋式起重機和冶金專用橋式起重機三種。 普通橋式起重機一般由起重小車、橋架運行機構、橋架金屬結構組成。起重小車又由起升機構、小車運行機構和小車架三部分組成。 起升機構包括電動機、制動器、減速器、卷筒和滑輪組。電動機通過減速器，帶動卷筒轉動，使鋼絲繩繞上卷筒或從卷筒放下，以升降重物。小車架是支托和安裝起升機構和小車運行機構等部件的機架，通常為焊接結構。 起重機運行機構的驅動方式可分為兩大類：一類為集中驅動，即用一臺電動機帶動長傳動軸驅動兩邊的主動車輪；另一類為分別驅動、即兩邊的主動車輪各用一臺電動機驅動。中、小型橋式起重機較多采用制動器、減速器和電動機組合成一體的“三合一”驅動方式，大起重量的普通橋式起重機為便于安裝和調整，驅動裝置常采用萬向聯(lián)軸器。 起重機運行機構一般只用四個主動和從動車輪，如果起重量很大，常用增加車輪的辦法來降低輪壓。當車輪超過四個時，必須采用鉸接均衡車架裝置，使起重機的載荷均勻地分布在各車輪上。 橋架的金屬結構由主梁和端梁組成，分為單主梁橋架和雙梁橋架兩類。單主梁橋架由單根主梁和位于跨度兩邊的端梁組成，雙梁橋架由兩根主梁和端梁組成。 主梁與端梁剛性連接，端梁兩端裝有車輪，用以支承橋架在高架上運行。主梁上焊有軌道，供起重小車運行。橋架主梁的結構類型較多比較典型的有箱形結構、四桁架結構和空腹桁架結構。 箱形結構又可分為正軌箱形雙梁、偏軌箱形雙梁、偏軌箱形單主梁等幾種。正軌箱形雙梁是廣泛采用的一種基本形式，主梁由上、下翼緣板和兩側的垂直腹板組成，小車鋼軌布置在上翼緣板的中心線上，它的結構簡單，制造方便，適于成批生產，但自重較大。 偏軌箱形雙梁和偏軌箱形單主梁的截面都是由上、下翼緣板和不等厚的主副腹板組成，小車鋼軌布置在主腹板上方，箱體內的短加勁板可以省去，其中偏軌箱形單主梁是由一根寬翼緣箱形主梁代替兩根主梁，自重較小，但制造較復雜。 四桁架式結構由四片平面桁架組合成封閉型空間結構，在上水平桁架表面一般鋪有走臺板，自重輕，剛度大，但與其他結構相比，外形尺寸大，制造較復雜，疲勞強度較低，已較少生產。 空腹桁架結構類似偏軌箱形主梁，由四片鋼板組成一封閉結構，除主腹板為實腹工字形梁外，其余三片鋼板上按照設計要求切割成許多窗口，形成一個無斜桿的空腹桁架，在上、下水平桁架表面鋪有走臺板，起重機運行機構及電氣設備裝在橋架內部，自重較輕，整體剛度大，這在中國是較為廣泛采用的一種型式。 普通橋式起重機主要采用電力驅動，一般是在司機室內操縱，也有遠距離控制的。橋式起重機起重量可達五百噸，跨度可達60米。 橋架主梁是由工字鋼或其他型鋼和板鋼組成的簡單截面梁，用手拉葫蘆或電動葫蘆配上簡易小車作為起重小車，小車一般在工字梁的下翼緣上運行。橋架可以沿高架上的軌道運行，也可沿懸吊在高架下面的軌道運行，這種起重機稱為懸掛梁式起重機。冶金專用橋式起重機在鋼鐵生產過程中可參與特定的工藝操作，其基本結構與普通橋式起重機相似，但在起重小車上還裝有特殊的工作機構或裝置。這種起重機的工作特點是使用頻繁、條件惡劣，工作級別較高。 橋式起重機的安全檢查為了保證橋式起重機的安全運行，在起重機運行期間需進行一些安全常規(guī)檢查，檢查項目及要點如下： （1） 起升高度限位器、行程限位開關及各聯(lián)鎖機構性能正 橋式起重機常，安全可靠。 （2） 各主要零部件符合安全要求：開口增大小于原尺寸的15%，扭轉變形小于10%；板鉤襯套磨損小于原尺寸的50%，板鉤心軸磨損小于5%，無剝落、毛刺、焊補。吊鉤掛架及滑輪無明顯缺陷。鋼絲繩表面鋼絲磨損、腐蝕量小于鋼絲直徑的40%，斷絲在一個捻距內小于總絲數(shù)的10%，無斷頭，無明顯變細，無芯部脫出、死角扭擰、擠壓變形、退火、燒損現(xiàn)象。鋼絲繩端部連接及固定的卡子、壓板、鍥塊連接完好，無松動，壓板不少于2個，卡子數(shù)量不少于3個。卷筒無裂紋，連接、固定無松動；筒壁磨損小于原壁厚的20%；安全卷不少于2圈，卷筒與鋼絲繩直徑比例符合要求。平衡輪固定完好，鋼絲繩應符合的要求。制動器無裂紋，無松動，無嚴重磨損，制動間隙兩側相等尺寸合適，有足夠的制動力，制動帶磨損小于原厚度的50%。 通過對橋式起重機的安全常規(guī)檢查，對杜絕人身事故，減少設備事故，提高設備運轉率，降低檢修費用等均起到了顯著作用。 Foreign Literature Bridge crane is horizontal plane in workshop, warehouse and yard over rigger materials of lifting equipment. Because of its ends located in tall cement posts or metal stents, shape like bridge. Bridge crane along the bridge on both sides laying in elevated the orbit of longitudinal operation, can make full use of the space below girder hoisting materials, does not suffer ground equipment obstacles. It is to use the widest range, the largest number of a kind of hoisting machinery. Bridge crane is the modern industrial production and lifting transportation in realizing realize mechanization, automation production process to important tools and equipment. So bridge crane in interior industrial and mining enterprises, steel chemical industry, railway transportation, ports and logistics departments and establishments are widely used. Bridge crane can be divided into ordinary bridge crane, simple girder crane and metallurgical special bridge crane 3 kinds. Ordinary bridge crane is general by lifting trolley and bridge operation organization, bridge metal structure group into. Lifting car again by lifting mechanism, trolley mechanism and the car frame of three parts. Lifting mechanism including motor, brakes, reducer, drum and pulleys. Driving speed reducer, electromotor through reel rotation of wire rope around the drum drum down, or from lifting weights with. Car frame is a torre and installation of hoisting mechanism and the car mechanism, etc. Parts of the frame, usually for welding structure. Crane operation organization drive mode can be divided into two kinds: one kind is concentrated drive, which is a motor driving long shaft drive on both sides of the active wheels, Another kind is respectively driven, namely on both sides of the active wheel each with a motor drives. Medium and small bridge crane is increasingly used brakes, reducer and electric generator synthetic one of three-in-one drive mode, a big weight of ordinary bridge crane for ease of installation and adjustment, device drivers often adopt universal shaft coupling. Crane operation organization generally in four active and driven wheels, if lifting weight is very big, commonly used to increase the wheel to reduce the pulley. When more than four wheels when, must use hinged equilibrium frame device to make the crane load evenly distributed in each wheel. Bridge of metal structure composed by main girder and girders, divided into the single girder frame and main double girder frame two kinds. Single main girder bridge girder and frame is located in single span on both sides of the girders composition, double girder frame girder by two root and girders composition. Girder and girders rigid connection, girders, supporting both ends with wheels in elevated bridge to run on. The main welding have orbit, for lifting car running. Bridge girder structure type more comparatively typical have box structure, four truss structure and open-web truss structure. Box structure can divide again on track box shuang liang, slant rail box shuang liang, slant rail box single girder to wait for a few kinds. Track box shuang liang is widespread adoption of a basic form the girder, consists of flange plate and bilateral vertical webs composition, car rail decorate in the center of the flange plate online, its simple structure, easy fabrication, suitable for mass production, but self-respect greatly. Partial rail box double beam and partial rail box single main section is by the upper and lower flange plate and the different thickness of the Lord vice webs composition, car rail decorate in the main webs, short circuits inside above stiffening plate can save, including partial rail box girder is composed of a single root box girder wide flange instead of two root girder, respect smaller, but manufacturing complex. Four truss structure featured by four plane truss by combined into closing in on the spatial structure, the level of general shop to have walked surface truss bedplate, light dead weight, stiffness big, but compared with other structure size, shape, manufacturing is relatively complex, fatigue strength low, has less production. Open-web truss structure similar to slant box girder by rail, four plates form a closed structure, in addition to the main webs for real abdomen i-section beam outside, the rest 3-piece plate according to the design demand cutting into many window, forming a without rods of open-web truss, in the upper and lower horizontal truss surface covered go bedplate, crane operation organization and electrical equipment installed in bridge internal, self-respect lighter, whole stiffness big in China is that more widespread adoption of a type. Ordinary bridge crane mainly adopts electric drive, it is to be in commonly driver indoor manipulation, also have long-distance bridge crane control. Lifting weight can reach 500 tons, span of 60 meters. Payments and plate steel composed of simple beam, with the hand type hoists or electric hoist match on simple car as lifting car, the car is in commonly strander beam under operation on the flange. Bridge along on a high orbits, also can along the suspensory on elevated the following orbits, this kind of crane beam cranes called suspension. Metallurgy special bridge crane in steel production process can participate in particular process operation, its basic structure and ordinary bridge crane is similar, but in lifting cars also has a special working organs or device. This kind of crane characteristics of the work is used frequently, conditions and job level is higher. Basically has five types. Bridge crane safety check to ensure the safe operation of the bridge cranes, in crane operation period to some general safety inspections and inspection items and points as follows: (1) the hoisting height peneumatied device, travel limit switches and all the interlock device performance is bridge crane .Often, safe and reliable. (2) the main parts meet safety requirements: less than the original size increase openings less than 10%, 15% torsional deformation, Board hook bushing wear less than the original size, 50% of the board hook mandrels wear less than 5%, no spalling, burr, weld repairs. Hook rack and pulley without obvious flaw. Wire rope surface wire wear and corrosion is less than 40% of wire diameter, broken wires in a twined within less than the total silk from the number of 10%, no bufo, without obvious attenuate, without mandrel department of emergence, blind Angle twisting, extrusion, annealing, burning phenomenon. At the end of the wire rope connection and fixed clip next, clips, -200 block connect intact, without loosing, linking piece not less than 2, clip next amount not less than 3. S no crack, links, fixed without shake, A hollow wear less than 20% of the original wall thickness, Safety coil not less than 2 laps, drum and wire rope diameter ratio meets the requirement. Balance wheel fixed intact, the wire rope should comply with the requirements. Brake flawless, without loose, no serious wear and brake clearance sides equal size, have enough braking force, brake with less than 50% of the original thickness wear. Through the bridge crane safety routine inspection, to prevent accidents and reduce equipment accidents and improve equipment availability, reducing maintenance cost etc are plays a remarkable role.