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1、動詞不定式是由“to+動詞原形”構(gòu)成 (有時可以不帶to)。其否定形式是“not+動詞不定式”(not不與助動詞連用)。它屬于一種非謂語動詞的形式，在句子中不能充當(dāng)謂語，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，但它可以保留動詞的性質(zhì)，其本身可以帶賓語或狀語等附加成分（不定式和其附加成分稱為不定式短語）。動詞不定式（短語）的句法功能非常廣泛，在句中可作主語、賓語、補足語、表語、定語及狀語等成分。 一、作主語 （1）動詞不定式作主語時，謂語動詞常常用單數(shù)。例如： To do morning exercises is useful for our health. 做早操有利于我們的健康。 To sweep

2、 the floor is my duty every day. 每天打掃地板是我的責(zé)任。 （2）如果動詞不定式太長，常常用 it 作形式主語，而將真正的主語——動詞不定式后置。例如： It took me half an hour to walk there．我走到那兒花了半小時的時間。 It’s important for us to learn English well．對我們來說，學(xué)好英語是重要的。 二、作賓語 （1）能夠接動詞不定式作賓語的有（固定結(jié)構(gòu)） ask, agree, beg, decide, determine, fail, hope, manage, of

3、fer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, wish 及 would like/love 等動詞，但 finish, enjoy, miss, appreciate, mind, advise, suggest 等動詞后面通常只能接動名詞作賓語。例如： I hope to visit this place again. 我希望能再度訪問此地。 She enjoys reading very much．她非常喜歡讀書。 The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司機沒能及時看見另一輛車

4、。 （2）動詞不定式與名等詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語時，通常要用 it 作形式賓語，而將真正的賓語——動詞不定式后置。例如： I think it our duty to obey the laws. 我認為遵守法律是我們的義務(wù)。 I found it difficult to see him here. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)在這里見到他是很難的。 三、作補足語 （1）某些動詞在主動式中后接動詞不定式作賓語補足語；在被動式中，由于原來的賓語變成了主語，故原來的賓語補足語變成了主語補足語。這類動詞常用的有 consider, expect, tell, want, warn, wish，invite等。例

5、如： They told him not to be late again.他們告訴他不要再遲到了?！鶫e was told not to be late again. She invited me to have dinner with her yesterday．昨天她請我一起進餐。 （2）在feel（一感），listen to，hear（二聽），let，make，have（三讓），look at，see，watch，notice（四看）等詞之后接不帶to的不定式作賓語補足語，強調(diào)動作的完成過程；它們作被動句的謂語時，to要補上。如： I heard her sing today

6、．She sang wonderfully．今天我聽見她唱歌了，她唱得非常精彩。 She was heard to sing today．今天有人聽見她唱歌了。 She is often heard to sing this song（by us）．我們經(jīng)常聽見她唱這首歌。 四、作狀語 ⑴動詞不定式作狀語可表示目的、原因及結(jié)果等，其邏輯主語就是句子的主語，因此動詞不定式作狀語往往用主動式。例如： Come to see me again soon. 盡快再來看我。 I trembled to think of it. 我一想到那件事就不寒而栗。 You couldn't

7、do that to save your life. 你即使為了救自己也不能那樣做。 (2) only to do o sth. 與 only doing sth. 都可作表示結(jié)果的狀語，區(qū)別是：only to do sth. 表示一個與主語愿望相反的或出乎主語意料的結(jié)果, 或用來暗示最初的未能實現(xiàn)的動作；only doing sth. 表示謂語動詞本身的動作造成的結(jié)果。例如： I worked hard, only to fail at last. 我努力工作,結(jié)果最后卻是失敗。 He died, only leaving nothing but debts. 他死了,只留下一

8、身債 五、作表語 （1）動詞不定式往往放在系動詞be（，become, sound, taste 等系動詞后面一般不接不定式）的后面作表語，表示將來的情況，說明主語的內(nèi)容。例如： My wish is to become a teacher．我的愿望是當(dāng)一名教師。 Your job today is to clean the playground. 你今天的工作是打掃操場。 （2）如果系動詞后的動詞說明主語的性質(zhì)，特征，相當(dāng)于形容詞。這時就要用現(xiàn)在分詞作表語，而不用不定式。例如： He said that the story was interesting．他說這則故事很有趣

9、。 六、作定語 （1）動詞不定式常常放在名詞或不定代詞后面作后置定語，其邏輯主語往往是句子的主語，故動詞不定式作定語時往往用主動式；如果動詞不定式的邏輯主語不是句子的主語，該動詞不定式要用被動式。例如： Do you have anything to do tonight? 你今晚有什么事要做嗎? I am going to Shanghai tomorrow. Do you have anything to be taken there? 明天我要去上海。你有什么東西要捎去的嗎? （2）動詞不定式作定語往往表示尚未發(fā)生的動作，如果動作已發(fā)生或正在發(fā)生，一般用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。

10、例如： I have no pen to write with．我沒有鋼筆寫字。 The man standing there is Li Ming. 站在那里的那個人是李明。 七、和疑問詞連用： 不定式前可用what，who，which，where，when，how，why等疑問詞構(gòu)成不定式短語，這種短語在句子中可作主語、賓語和表語等成分。 （1）作主語。例如： When to start has not been decided. 什么時候出發(fā)還沒定下來。 （2）作表語。例如： The question is how to do the job well. 問題是怎樣做

11、好這項工作。 （3）作賓語。例如： He told me where to find the book. 他告訴我了在哪找到這本書的。 Do you know how to play football? 你知道怎樣踢足球嗎？ 八、不定式的被動式 典型例題 1) ---- I usually go there by train. ---- Why not ___ by boat for a change? A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going 答案：D. why not 后面接不帶to

12、 的不定式，因此選D。 2） Paul doesn't have to be made ___. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning 答案：B. make后接不帶to 的動詞不定式，當(dāng)其用于被動時，to 不可省略。 動詞不定式的否定式 Tell him not to shut the window… She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 我走過的時候，她假裝沒看見。 典型例題 1）Tell him ___ the

13、window. A. to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut D. not shut 答案：B。 tell sb to do sth 的否定形式為tell sb not to do sth. 2) She pretended ___ me when I passed by. A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not seen 答案：A。 pretend 后應(yīng)接不定式。其否定形式為pretend not to do sth.。 3）Mrs. Smith

14、 warned her daughter ___ after drinking. A. never to drive B. to never driver C. never driving D. never drive 答案：A。warn sb to do sth. 的否定形式為warn sb not to do sth. 此處用的是否定詞never. 4) The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，but his mother told him ____. A. not to B. not to do C. not

15、do it D. do not to 答案：A。not to 為not to do it 的省略形式?？梢灾挥胻o這個詞，而不必重復(fù)整個不定式詞組。及物動詞do后應(yīng)有名詞、代詞等，否則不對，因此B，D不對。 5) The patient was warned ___ oily food after the operation. A. to eat no B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating 答案：C。warn一詞要求后用不定式，此處為不定式的被動，否定形式為be warned not to do。 【詞條1】be caug

16、ht in 【課文原句】"To have been caught in a sandstorm was a terrible experience,"...(Page 32) 【點撥】be caught in 此處意為"遭遇上"。如: I was caught in the downpour on the way home from school. 【拓展】catch 構(gòu)成的常見短語: 1. catch sb doing 偶然發(fā)覺某人做某事。如: The teacher caught him sleeping in class. 2. catch up with 趕上。如: Y

17、ou’ll have to work harder to catch up with the top students. 【詞條2】take in,give out 【課文原句】Trees take in carbon dioxide and give out oxygen. (Page 35) 【點撥1】take in 此處意為"吸收,吸入(空氣、水等)"。如: Take in a deep breath. 【拓展】take in的常見意思還有: 1. take in 把……拿進。如: Please take your clothes in in case it rains.

18、 2. take in 收容(留)某人住宿。如: The teacher took in several students. 【點撥2】give out 此處意為"放出,散發(fā)出", 多指氣味、熱量等的釋放。如: The rotating machine gave out a lot of heat. 【拓展】give out的常見意思還有: 1. 發(fā)(書、報)等。如: The teacher gave out the exam papers. 2. 用完,耗盡。如: After five months, their food supply finally gave out.

19、 【詞條3】cut down,dig up 【課文原句】This is a process that happens when land becomes desert because of climate changes and because people cut down trees and dig up trees. (Page 32) 【點撥1】cut down此處意為"砍倒"。如: They cut down many old trees and planted some young trees. 【拓展】cut down還有"削減,刪減"的意思。如: Your art

20、icle is too long, so please cut it down to 500 words. 【點撥2】dig up此處意為"從地里挖出(某物)"。如: We dug up the tree by its roots. 【拓展】dig up 還有"掘到,掘出"的意思。如: An old vase was dug up here last month. 1，單項選擇題 從A,B,C,D四個選項中選出最佳選項填入空白處 1, I saw his name ______ in larger letters. A. sign B. signing C. sign

21、ed D. to sign 2, ______ the big snake, the little girl stood under the tree, _______ out of her life. A.Seen; frightening B.Seeing;frightening C. To see; frightened D. Seeing; frightened 3, He had no choice but _____ till his mother came back A. waited B. waiting C. to wait D. wait

22、4, The bank is reported in the local newspaper_______ in broad daylight yesterday A. robbed B. to have been robbed C. being robbed D. having been robbed 5, ________ the service, the workers of this hotel are active in learning English A. Improving B. Improve C. To improve D. Having imp

23、roved 6, It is said that the weather will ______ hot for another three or four days . look B. last C. stay D. get 7, The two drivers could do nothing but ______ the truck A. take turns to drive B. drive my turns C. to take turns to drive D. to drive by turn 8, Th

24、e journey around the world took the old sailors nine months, ______ the sailing time was 226 days. A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which 9, ---Go for a picnic this weekend, OK? ---- ________ , I love getting close to nature A. Couldn’t agree more B. I’m afraid not C.

25、I believe not D. I don’t think so 10, Only ten workers ______ escape from the terrible fire _______ about 20 hours A. could; last B. are able to; last C. were able to; lasting D. would; which lasted 11, Put the flower in warm rooms so as to ______ them ______ the freezing cold

26、 A. stopped; from B. keeps; from C. protect; from D. rescue; from 12, ---Did you have a good sleep last night? -----Yes, never sleep ________ A. badly B. better C. worse D. best 13, Before _______ was standing a terrible man; Miss Linda could do nothing_____ immediately.

27、 A. she; but cry B. her; but cry C. she; but to cry D. her; but crying 14, The wheat crop this year is not promising because the ______ from frost is too great A. damage B. loss C. destroy D. break 15, Such _____ the case, I couldn’t help but _____him. A. being; suppor

28、t B. is to support C. has been; supporting D be; supported 從A,B,C,D四個選項中選出最佳選項填入空白處 1, ---How did your interview go? ----- I couldn’t feel _______ about it ! I seemed to find an answer for all of the questions. A. worse B. worst C. better D. best 2, The advertising program

29、, tried in areas near Beijing, _____ in a market rise in total production. A. got B. resulted C. affected D. made 3, ______ in the market, the thief was put into prison. A. Catching stealing B. Caught stealing C. Being caught to steal D. Be caught stealing 4,--

30、--- How many times have been to Beijing ? ------ Oh, at least four times, if _______ 5, You can hardly imagine the difficulty the woman had ______ A. brought up B. to bring up C. bringing up D. to have brought up 6, He suggests a best way ______ process from keeping_______. A. preve

31、nting; raising B. to stop; rise C. to prevent; raising D. to stop; rising 7, People _______ young trees on the mountain. A. don’t allow to cut down B. don’t allow to keep away C. are not allowed to keep away D. are not allowed to cut down 8, When a fire happens,

32、 the electricity should ______ first. A. be cut down B. cut down C. be cut off D. cut off 9, ----Are you satisfied with what he did? ------ No, It couldn’t have been ______ A. worse B. better C. so bad D. the worst 10, In the villages, many of men have gone off to

33、 cities in search for higher pay, _____but the aged and women stay at home. A. Not B. All C. None D. Neither 11, _____ the letter from her eldest sister, tears kept coming to her eyes. A. To read B. Reading C. While she was reading D. She was reading 12, ----Could you

34、tell me the way to the zoo? ---- Follow me, I happen ______ there, too. A. to be going B. to go C. to have been D. to have gone 13, ----Thank you ever so much for your help. ----- _______ A. Glad to hear that B. Not worth thanking C. You are too polite D. Think noth

35、ing of it 14, Has the boy who was use of _______ realized his mistakes? A. stealing B. stolen C. to steal D. steal 15, It’s only _______ 20 minutes’ ride from here to ______ Stone Company. A. a; the B. 不填； a C. 不填； the D. the ; a 2, 語法專項（動詞不定式） 1， For nearly th

36、ree hours we waited for the decision, only _______ to come again the next day. A. to tell B. telling C. to be told D. being told 2, I’m examining the composition she has just finished______ the possible mistake in it. A. correcting B. to correct C. making D. to make 3, Do

37、n’t be too rude to your father. Never in his life _____ in that way. A. has he spoken to B. he has spoken to C. has he been spoken to D. he has been spoken 4, ----- Have you forgotten ______ an umbrella from Betty? ------ Oh, yes. But I’ll remember _______ it to her tomorrow A.

38、borrowing; to return B. borrowing; returning C. to borrow; to return D. to borrow; returning 5, ---Do you watch TV in the evening? -----I’d rather read than watch TV, The programme seem ______ all the time. A. to get worse B. to have got worse C. getting worse D. to be getting w

39、orse 6, ---Li Ming is said ______ abroad. Do you know what country he studied in? ----- Yes, in Britain A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying 7, ----Will the Smiths go abroad this summer? -----No, they finally decided ________ A. to B. not goi

40、ng C. not go D. not to be going 8, His homework needs ________, but it ________. A. correcting; needn’t writing B. correct; doesn’t need write C. to correct; needn’t to be rewritten D. to be corrected; needn’t be rewritten 9, The horses ought ______ hours ago by raisers. A. to ha

41、ve been fed B. to feed C. to be fed D. to have fed 10, Don’t take the medicine; it can’t help _____ rid of your cold. A. getting B. to get C. to getting D. gets 11, I would love_____ to the party last night , but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to h

42、ave gone C. going D. having gone 12, ----Have you any letters _______, sir? -------No, thanks. You may take a rest. A. to type B. to be typed C. to be typing D. typed 13, There are five pairs _______ but ’m at a loss which to buy. A. to choose from B. to be chosen C. to choose

43、 D. to choosing 14, I’ve worked with children before, so I know what ______ in my new job. A. expected B. to be expecting C. expects D. to expect 15, The question ________ next year has something important to do with our daily life. A. to discuss B. discussed C. to be discussed D.

44、 being discussed 16, John was made _______ the windows for a week as punishment. A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing 17, Helen had to shout ______ above the sound of the music. A. make herself hear B. to make herself hear C. making herself heard D. to make her

45、self heard 18, Kate’s mobile phone was left in a taxi accidentally, never _____ again. A . to find B. finding C. to be found D. being found 19, I ________ you the exciting news, but you not at home. A. meant telling B. meant to tell C. meant tell D. meant to telling 20, All sh

46、e wanted to do when she got the first prize in the contest was _____ thanks to her teachers and parents. A. say B. saying C. about to say D. said Keys 1, 1-----5 CDCBC 6-----10 CAAAC 11----15 CBBAA 1, 1---5 CBBAC 6----10 DDCAC 11---15 CADCA 2, 1—5 CBCAD 6----10 ACDAB 11---15 BBADC 16—20 ADCAB