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1、專題十一狀語(yǔ)從句 在復(fù)合句中，修飾主句或主句謂語(yǔ)的句子叫作狀語(yǔ)從句。狀語(yǔ)從句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。狀語(yǔ)從句可分為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、結(jié)果、條件、方式、讓步、比較和目的等九大類。 一、狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞列表從句類型從屬連詞時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句as，after，before，once，since，till，until，when，whenever，while，as soon as地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句where，wherever，anywhere，everywhere原因狀語(yǔ)從句because，since，as，now (that)，seeing that，considering that，in that結(jié)果狀

2、語(yǔ)從句that，so that，so/such.that.目的狀語(yǔ)從句so that，in order that，for fear that，in case，for the purpose that從句類型從屬連詞條件狀語(yǔ)從句if，unless，as/so long as，on condition that，in case，provided that比較狀語(yǔ)從句than，as.as，not so/as.as方式狀語(yǔ)從句as，as if/though，how讓步狀語(yǔ)從句though，although，even if/though，however，whatever，as，while 【悟一悟參透誤

3、區(qū)】 (1)上述有些連詞除了能引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句外，還可引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句和名詞性從句。在使用的時(shí)候，要根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句意來(lái)判別和區(qū)分不同的從句，正確使用引導(dǎo)詞。以where為例，試比較下列多種從句的區(qū)別。 You are to find it where you left it.(地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句) Tell me the address where he lives.(定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為the address) I dont know where he came from.(賓語(yǔ)從句) Where he has gone is not known yet.(主語(yǔ)從句) This place is wher

4、e they once hid.(表語(yǔ)從句) (2)在兩個(gè)分句間要有一個(gè)且只有一個(gè)連詞，千萬(wàn)不能按漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣。 Because he was ill，he didnt come to school. He was ill，so he didnt come to school. (3)在時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、方式或讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，若從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)一致(或從句的主語(yǔ)為it)，從句的謂語(yǔ)又包含動(dòng)詞be時(shí)，從句中的“主語(yǔ)be”部分可省略。 When (he was) asked about it，he kept silent. Fill in the blanks with articles whe

5、n (they are) necessary. If (it is) possible，Ill explain it again later. She stood at the gate as if (she was) waiting for someone. 二、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 1“一就”的表達(dá)如下表詞類常用詞例句從屬連詞as soon asHe started as soon as he received the news.副詞immediately，directly，instantlyThey phoned immediately they reached home.名詞/名詞短語(yǔ)the

6、minute/moment/second/instant，every/each timeThey ran away the moment they saw the guard. Each time I was in trouble，he would stand by.句型結(jié)構(gòu)no sooner.than.，hardly/scarcely.when.No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain. 2.till和until的用法 (1)肯定句中，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，意為“某一動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到某時(shí)間點(diǎn)才停止”。 He remained

7、there till/until she arrived. (2)否定句中，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，從句為肯定式，意為“某動(dòng)作直到某時(shí)間才開(kāi)始”。 I was not aware that I forgot my ticket till/until I got to the station. (3)till不可置于句首，until可以。 (4)強(qiáng)調(diào)和倒裝句中，not.until應(yīng)視為一個(gè)整體，同時(shí)被強(qiáng)調(diào)或置于句首。 It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it. Not until you told me did I ha

8、ve any idea of it. 3before和since的用法 (1)before常用于表示“還未就；不到就；才；趁；還沒(méi)來(lái)得及”等含義。 We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land. He rushed out of the house before I could say anything else. (2)句型It was/will be時(shí)間段before.意為“過(guò)了多久才”。It was not long before. /It will not be long before.意為“不久就”。 It wi

9、ll be one year and a half before I come back. It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position. (3)since從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般是短暫性動(dòng)詞，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。since引導(dǎo)的從句時(shí)態(tài)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。 She has been working for the company since she left school. (4)句型It is/has been時(shí)間段since.意為“自從到現(xiàn)在多久了”。 It is

10、a long time since I saw you last time. I have not seen you for a long time. It has been two years since I was admitted to this key middle school. I was admitted to this key middle school two years ago. It is three years since I smoked a cigar. It is three years since I stopped smoking a cigar. 三、原因狀

11、語(yǔ)從句 1because，as，since，now that的用法區(qū)別如下表：引導(dǎo)詞位置內(nèi)涵語(yǔ)氣能否回答why能否強(qiáng)調(diào)because主句前或后直接原因強(qiáng)能能as主句前或后已知原因弱不能不能since/nowthat主句前 Why are you absent from the meeting? Because I am ill. He is disappointed because he didnt get the position. As his mother was a great music lover，he lived with music from birth. Since his

12、music style was new，he decided his hairstyle had to be new too! 2除了狀語(yǔ)從句外，一些介詞短語(yǔ)也可以表示原因。如：because of，thanks to，due to，owing to，on account of等。 They were late because of the traffic. 3for引導(dǎo)表示原因的并列句，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明根據(jù)什么推斷出前一分句的結(jié)果。 He must have gone to bed，for the light is out. 四、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句 注意地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別，試比較： This i

13、s the place where we used to live a few years ago. Lets go where we can find a better job. 五、目的狀語(yǔ)從句與結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句 1so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句及結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別： (1)so that引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，只能置于主句之后，從句謂語(yǔ)部分常需用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can，may，could等，可用in order that代替。后者更正式，引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句可置于主句前或后。 (2)so that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)部分一般沒(méi)有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，其作用等于so。試比較： We got up early s

14、o that we could catch the train.(此句只強(qiáng)調(diào)早起的目的，結(jié)果未明) We got up early so that we caught the train.(此句表明了早起的結(jié)果：趕上了火車) 2so.that與such.that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別： 其規(guī)律由so與such的不同詞性決定。such是形容詞，修飾名詞或名詞詞組，so是副詞，只能修飾形容詞或副詞。常見(jiàn)以下幾種句型結(jié)構(gòu)： (1)so形容詞/副詞that從句。 He was so excited that he could not say a word. (2)sucha/an形容詞單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞th

15、at從句。 Its such a good chance that we must not miss it. (3)such形容詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞that從句。 It was such fine weather that we went out for a walk. (4)so形容詞a/an可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式that從句。 試比較： Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him. Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe him. (5)somany/much/few/litt

16、le名詞that從句。在“兩多兩少”(many/much/few/little)前要用so來(lái)修飾。 He earned so little money that he couldnt support himself. 3除了狀語(yǔ)從句外，不定式in order to/so as to等也可以表示目的。 In order to get home earlier，we had to run all the way. 4除了狀語(yǔ)從句外，too.to，enough.to，so. as to，such (.) to等不定式結(jié)構(gòu)也可以表示結(jié)果。 We got up early enough to catch

17、 the train. 六、條件狀語(yǔ)從句 1條件狀語(yǔ)從句分真實(shí)性(有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情)與非真實(shí)性(條件與事實(shí)相反或者在說(shuō)話者看來(lái)不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情)條件句。后者應(yīng)使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，試比較： If you work hard，youll make progress.(真實(shí)條件句) If you had worked harder，you would have passed the exam.(虛擬條件句) 2“祈使句and.”和“祈使句or/otherwise.” 以上兩種結(jié)構(gòu)中的祈使句都表示條件，and或or/otherwise后面的內(nèi)容表示結(jié)果。 Climb to the top of the m

18、ountain and youll see the whole city. If you climb to the top of the mountain，youll see the whole city. Hurry up，or/otherwise youll be late. If you dont hurry up，youll be late. 3“名詞and.”結(jié)構(gòu) 此結(jié)構(gòu)中的名詞可改為if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，有時(shí)也可改為由when，after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，and后面的句子表示主句內(nèi)容。 Another sound and the enemy would discover us.

19、 If we made another sound，the enemy would discover us. A few minutes and they went away. When/After a few minutes had passed，they went away. 七、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 1as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，需要使用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分可為名詞、形容詞、副詞等。若名詞提前，要求省略冠詞。 Tired as he was ( Though he was tired)，he continued his work. Much as I respect him ( Thou

20、gh I respect him much)，I cant agree to his proposal. Child as he is ( Although he is a child)，he could raise a stone of 100 kilos. 2while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，一般放在句首。 While ( Although) I dont like it，I will try to learn it well. 3注意“no matter疑問(wèn)詞”引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。 No matter how hard (However hard) I have tried，I cant fi

21、nd the answer. 八、比較狀語(yǔ)從句 注意兩種特殊的比較狀語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)： 1the more.the more結(jié)構(gòu)。 The more you exercise，the healthier you will be. 2A is to B what/as X is to Y結(jié)構(gòu)。 Food is to men what oil is to machines. 九、方式狀語(yǔ)從句 1方式狀語(yǔ)從句表示動(dòng)作的方式。as之前常可用just加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。 When in Rome，do as the Romans do. I did just as the teacher did. 2as if/as

22、though引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 He talks as if he knew everything in the world. She spoke English so well as if she had been to America. 學(xué)以致用 .用適當(dāng)?shù)膹膶龠B詞填空(每空一詞) 1(2014 天津高考)Give me a chance，_ Ill give you a wonderful surprise. 2(2014四川高考)Ill be out for some time._anything important happens，call me up immedia

23、tely. 3(2014湖南高考)You will never gain success _ you are fully devoted to your work. 4(2014安徽高考)The meaning of the word “nice” changed a few times _ it finally came to include the sense “pleasant.” 5(2014陜西高考)The young couple，who returned my lost wallet，left _ I could ask for their names. 6(2014天津高考)_

24、 you start eating in a healthier way，weight control will become much easier. 7(2014江西高考)It was the middle of the night_my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game. 8(2014北京高考)_the forest park is far away，a lot of tourists visit it every year. 9(2014江蘇高考)Lesson can be learned to face

25、the future，_history cannot be changed. 10(2014山東高考)I dont really like the author，_ I have to admit his books are very exciting. 11(2014浙江高考)Cathy had quit her job when her son was born_ she could stay home and raise her family. 12(2014重慶高考)Half an hour later，Lucy still couldnt get a taxi_the bus had

26、 dropped her. 答案1.and2.In case3.unless4.before5.before6.Once7.when8.Even though9.though 10although11.so that12.where .完成句子 1_(無(wú)論哪國(guó)) you go，you should observe the law of the land. 2The firefighters showed_(極大的勇氣) that they were highly praised by the government. 3_(無(wú)論身在何處)，you can keep an intimate con

27、tact with the rest of the world. 4I believe that youll build a good friendship with the people around you_(只要你想) 5There are some other factors that need to be considered，_(即使你是正確的) 6The task was difficult and the time was not planned well，_(結(jié)果他沒(méi)有按時(shí)完成任務(wù)) 7You cant see the president of the university_

28、(除非你預(yù)約) 8Table tennis is such an interesting and popular game_(我們都喜歡玩) 答案1.No matter which country2.such great courage3.No matter where you are4.as long as you want to 5even if you are right 6.so that he didnt finish it on time 7unless you make an appointment8.that we all like it .語(yǔ)篇填空(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空，注意使用從

29、屬連詞) Gandhi was honored as the father of the Indian nation.He has been respected and beloved by the Indians with the belief 1._he is an Indian national hero. He was born in India in 1869.2._is recorded，he got married at the age of 13，following the local custom.In 1888 he sailed to England，3._he stud

30、ied law for three years and became a lawyer.4._his return to India，he was sent to South Africa to work on a law case. In South Africa he was surprised to find 5._the problem of racial discrimination was serious.There he formed an organization and this was 6._he started to fight for equal rights. Gan

31、dhi returned to India in 1915，7._India was controlled by the British.He led the Indians to fight for an end to the British rule and independence for his country.8._in the political movement many Indians including Gandhi were put in prison and it was still not sure 9._they could gain independence，the struggles never stopped.The British government had to give in and India won its independence in 1947.Unfortunately Gandhi was shot by an Indian 10._opposed his views and died on January 30th，1948. 答案1.that2.As3.where4.On5.that6.how7.when8.Although/Though9.whether10.who