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1、Part2 考點12Part2 語法專題語法專題考點考點12 倒裝句倒裝句 對倒裝句的考查在湖南高考中主要出現(xiàn)在單項填空部分。1.主要考查的知識點:(1)使用全部倒裝的情況(2)使用部分倒裝的情況復(fù)習(xí)重點:引起倒裝的詞或短語2.如何應(yīng)對倒裝的考查 解題時,首先認(rèn)真分析題干句的句子,若句首含有引起倒裝的詞或短語,再結(jié)合主語的情況判斷是否要倒裝,同時比較4個選項,從時態(tài)、語態(tài)等方面進(jìn)行判斷,確定該選用哪一個。 (2009全國卷)The computer was used in teaching. As a result, not only _, but students became more i
2、nterested in the lessons.A.saved was teachers energy B.was teachers energy savedC.teachers energy was saved D.was saved teachers energy思路點撥:思路點撥:分析題干句, not only位于句首時要引起倒裝,可知空格處的句子結(jié)構(gòu)為部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),在此句中,部分倒裝應(yīng)把be動詞提到主語前,故選B。 倒裝有兩種形式:一是表語、狀語置于句首,而主語置于句末,進(jìn)行完全倒裝;二是只將助動詞、情態(tài)動詞等提前到主語的前面,進(jìn)行部分倒裝。熟熟 讀讀 深深 思思1完全倒裝完全倒裝構(gòu)
3、成:將謂語動詞直接提到主語前。(1) Here comes the bus. (2) In she came.(3) South of the river lies a small factory.(4) Such are the facts. (5)There stands an ancient tower on the top of the mountain.(6)Present at the party were Mr. Green and many other guests. (7)Gone are the days when we used the “foreign oil”歸歸 納
4、納 總總 結(jié)結(jié)規(guī)則規(guī)則1:表方位的副詞here, there, out, in, up, down, away, off等放在句首,而主語是名詞時,句子則完全倒裝,如:(1)。但是,當(dāng)主語是人稱代詞時,主謂語序不變,如:(2)。 規(guī)則規(guī)則2:地點狀語位于句首時,為了避免頭重腳輕,常將謂語置于主語之前,進(jìn)行完全倒裝,如:(3)。歸歸 納納 總總 結(jié)結(jié)規(guī)則規(guī)則3:為了使上下文聯(lián)系緊密,常將such, the following 放于句首,而句子的謂語動詞置于主語之前,進(jìn)行完全倒裝,如:(4)。規(guī)則規(guī)則4:there be句型中,用完全倒裝。此時,結(jié)構(gòu)中的be可用lie/exist / stand
5、/ live / seem 等動詞替代,如:(5)。規(guī)則規(guī)則5:有時為了突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)主語,可用“表語系動詞主語”的完全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),如:(6)、(7)。熟熟 讀讀 深深 思思2. 部分倒裝部分倒裝 構(gòu)成:將情態(tài)動詞、助動詞、be提到主語前。 (1) By no means can he catch up in such a short time. (2) He is active in personality, and seldom does he stay indoors. (3) Not only children but also adults are interested in the fi
6、lm Harry Potter. (連接并列主語,不可倒裝)(4) Hardly had I got to the airport when the plane took off. (5) Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.熟熟 讀讀 深深 思思(6) Neither did I want to see the film nor did I buy the ticket. I neither wanted to see the film
7、 nor bought the ticket.(7) Only in this way can you learn English well. (8) Only that boy can work out the problem.(9) Were I there, they would listen to me. (10) Such a clever boy was Jack that he was able to work out all these difficult problems. (11) No matter how late it is, she often waits for
8、him. (12) How blue the sky looks!(13) What a clever boy he is!規(guī)則規(guī)則1:含有否定意義的副詞或短語,如:few, little, never, not, not until, nowhere, rarely, seldom, hardly/scarcelywhen, no sooner(than), not only(but also), at no time, by no means等,放在句首時,句子須部分倒裝,如:(1)?!咎貏e提醒】若原句中沒有助動詞,必須根據(jù)謂語動詞的具體時態(tài)來確定相應(yīng)的助動詞do, does 或did,如
9、:(2)。not onlybut also連接兩個并列主語時不可倒裝。只有在連接兩個句子且將not only所連接的句子提到句首時,才可用倒裝,but also后面的句子不倒裝,如:(3)。歸歸 納納 總總 結(jié)結(jié)在“hardly/scarcelywhen從句”和 “no soonerthan從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中,主句用過去完成時,而從句用一般過去時,如:(4)。not until提前時,必須同時將until后面的全部內(nèi)容提前,如:(5)。neithernor 句型中兩個句子都需要部分倒裝。如:(6)。規(guī)則規(guī)則2:so/as/neither/nor 位于句首,連接兩種相同的情況時,所連接的并列分句需用部
10、分倒裝。規(guī)則規(guī)則3:“only 副詞/介詞短語/狀語從句” 放在句首時,句子須用部分倒裝,如:(7)。歸歸 納納 總總 結(jié)結(jié)【特別提醒】 only修飾主語時,不倒裝,如:(8)。規(guī)則規(guī)則4:在虛擬語氣條件句中,從句謂語有助動詞were, had, should時,可將if 省略,而把 were, had, should 移到句首,如:(9)?!咎貏e提醒】若從句是否定句,則必須將not放在主語后。had必須是助動詞。規(guī)則規(guī)則5:在 “sothat” 和 “suchthat”結(jié)構(gòu)中,將“soadj.”和“suchn.”提到句首時,句子須用部分倒裝,如:(10)。歸歸 納納 總總 結(jié)結(jié)【注意】 句子的一部分成分(通常是表語或狀語)提前,但主謂語序不變。1. as連接讓步狀語從句所引起的倒裝詳見考點10讓步狀語從句。2. 否定詞no matter連接的讓步狀語從句的句式“No matter how / wh 主語 謂語”,如:(11)。3. how和what引起的感嘆句(1) How 形容詞/副詞主語謂語,如:(12)。(2) What 形容詞名詞主語謂語,如:(13)。歸歸 納納 總總 結(jié)結(jié)