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1、Module 3 Body Language and Non-verbal Communication核心單詞核心單詞1. vary vi. 變化變化;變動(dòng)變動(dòng);改變改變常用結(jié)構(gòu)：常用結(jié)構(gòu)：vary from .to .從到情況不等vary in .在某方面不同vary with .隨變化The colour of leaves varies with weather.葉子的顏色隨著天氣的變化而變化。The students of the class vary in age from 7 to 13. 這個(gè)班的學(xué)生年齡從7歲到13歲不等。variety n.種類(lèi)；種種；多樣性various a

2、dj.不同的，各種各樣的a variety of 各種各樣的；一種的變體There is a wide variety of patterns to choose from.有種類(lèi)繁多的圖案可供選擇。易混辨析vary/change vary側(cè)重指“變化”；強(qiáng)調(diào)“有所不同”。 change指“使發(fā)生以新代舊的變化”或“使改變得與原物完全不同”。Try not to start every sentence with “the”. Vary the beginning of your sentences.盡量不要讓每個(gè)句子都以the開(kāi)頭，讓你的句子開(kāi)頭有所變化。2. gesturen. 作作“手勢(shì)

3、手勢(shì)”講時(shí)一般用作可數(shù)名詞，但當(dāng)表示整體概念時(shí)，常作講時(shí)一般用作可數(shù)名詞，但當(dāng)表示整體概念時(shí)，常作不可數(shù)名詞；作不可數(shù)名詞；作“姿勢(shì)，表示姿勢(shì)，表示”講時(shí)用作可數(shù)名詞。講時(shí)用作可數(shù)名詞。v. 打手勢(shì)；示意打手勢(shì)；示意 English people do not use as much gesture as Italians. 英國(guó)人不如意大利人用的手勢(shì)多。He said that he would help, but Im sure it was only a gesture. 他說(shuō)他會(huì)幫我的，但我相信這只不過(guò)是一種表示而已。We show respect for people by usin

4、g different gestures. 我們用不同的姿勢(shì)來(lái)表示對(duì)別人的尊敬。She was gesturing so excitedly that I knew something was wrong. 她激動(dòng)得直打手勢(shì)，我知道出問(wèn)題了。常用結(jié)構(gòu)：make a friendly gesture to sb. 向某人作友善的表示He made a rude gesture with his fingers. 他用手指做了一個(gè)不禮貌的手勢(shì)。3. communicatevt.傳遞信息，交流傳遞信息，交流常用結(jié)構(gòu)：communicate sth. to sb.傳達(dá)（新聞，消息，感情）；傳遞（運(yùn)動(dòng)）

5、。其后面常跟事物名詞作賓語(yǔ)。communicate with通信息，聯(lián)系，謀求思想的溝通，相通She communicated her intention to me. 她把她的意向告訴了我。They communicated the news to me yesterday. =They communicated me the news yesterday. 他們昨天把那個(gè)消息告訴了我。 Young people should often communicate with their parents. 年輕人應(yīng)該經(jīng)常同他們的父母溝通。My garden communicates with t

6、he garden next door by means of a gate.我的花園與隔壁的花園有門(mén)相通。communication n. 通信，聯(lián)絡(luò)；交通或通訊工具Among the deaf and dumb, communication may be carried on by means of the fingers alphabet.聾啞人借助手語(yǔ)傳達(dá)意思。Language is a major means of communication. 語(yǔ)言是主要的交際工具。4. dealn. 協(xié)議；交易協(xié)議；交易v. 經(jīng)營(yíng)；買(mǎi)賣(mài)；處理經(jīng)營(yíng)；買(mǎi)賣(mài)；處理常用結(jié)構(gòu)：make/do/conclud

7、e a deal with sb.與某人達(dá)成一筆交易a great/good deal of大量的;許多的deal in .在某方面經(jīng)營(yíng)生意deal with處理；與做生意；涉及；論述It is a deal. (口語(yǔ))成交/就這么辦吧！He didnt know how to deal with the problem.他不知道如何處理這個(gè)問(wèn)題。Ill make a deal with you; you help me with my math homework and Ill clean the floor for you.我想和你做一筆交易，你幫我做數(shù)學(xué)作業(yè)而我?guī)湍愦驋叩匕濉?. inv

8、olvev. 包括；涉及；卷入包括；涉及；卷入常用結(jié)構(gòu)：involve sb. in (doing) sth. 使某人參與（做）某事，使某人牽扯到某事中be/get/become involved in 卷入之中;專(zhuān)心于The job involves a lot of travelling. 這份工作需要經(jīng)常出差。He became involved in the criminal activities.他與這次犯罪活動(dòng)有關(guān)。Please dont involve me in your family arguments.別把我牽扯進(jìn)你們的家庭爭(zhēng)執(zhí)中去。He was involved in w

9、orking out a plan all night.他整個(gè)晚上都在聚精會(huì)神地制定計(jì)劃。involved adj. 復(fù)雜的，有牽連的，有關(guān)的易混辨析involve/include/contain 這三個(gè)詞都有“包括”的意思。involve指使包括的事物成為必然的結(jié)果或條件；include指所含的東西只是整體的一部分；contain是全部包括，另外還可表示與所包含的東西是一個(gè)有機(jī)整體，不可分割。There are five people in the car, including two children.車(chē)上有五個(gè)人，包括兩個(gè)小孩。The whole book contains 12 uni

10、ts, including two mainly revisions.這本書(shū)總共有12個(gè)單元，包括2個(gè)復(fù)習(xí)單元。Being a sailor involves long periods away from home. 作為海員，就必然會(huì)長(zhǎng)期不在家。6. favourn. 好意，幫助，恩惠；喜愛(ài)，寵愛(ài)；偏愛(ài)好意，幫助，恩惠；喜愛(ài)，寵愛(ài)；偏愛(ài)常用結(jié)構(gòu)：ask sb. a favour=ask a favour of sb. 請(qǐng)某人幫忙do sb. a favour=do a favour for sb. 幫某人一個(gè)忙in favour of 支持，贊同in sb.s favour 對(duì)某人有利out

11、 of favour 失寵的;不流行的find/lose favour with sb. 得/失寵于某人Can you do me a favour to take a picture of me?你能幫個(gè)忙，給我拍張照嗎？A mother shouldnt show too much favour to one of her children. 母親不應(yīng)偏袒任 何一個(gè)孩子。Everyone is in favour of Toms proposal.每個(gè)人都贊同湯姆的計(jì)劃。favourable adj. 贊同的；嘉評(píng)的favourite adj. 最喜愛(ài)的7. spreadvi. 張開(kāi)；傳播

12、；流傳；通知She is the sort of woman who enjoys spreading rumours.她是那種喜歡散布謠言的女人。News of the explosion spread swiftly. 關(guān)于發(fā)生爆炸的消息迅速傳播開(kāi)來(lái)。Paper making began in China and from here it spread to North Africa and Europe. 造紙術(shù)起源于中國(guó)并且從中國(guó)傳播到北非和歐洲。8. starevi. 凝視；盯著看Its not polite to stare at people for a long time.長(zhǎng)時(shí)

13、間盯著人看是不禮貌的。Stop staring out of the window and do some work. 別盯著窗外看了，快點(diǎn)干活吧。Do you like being stared at?你喜歡被人注視嗎？常用結(jié)構(gòu)：being staring sb. in the face 清楚地?cái)[在某人面前The book I was looking for was staring me in the face. 我找的書(shū)就擺在我面前。The solution is staring at you in the face.解決方法就明顯地?cái)[在你面前。易混辨析stare/glare/glance

14、 stare 指由于生氣、害怕或吃驚而睜大眼睛注視某物。 glare 指怒目而視。 glance 指快速地看某人或某物一眼。She glanced shyly at him from behind her fan. 她羞澀地從她的扇子后面看了他一眼。Everyone glared at the two who kept talking when the others were studying in the classroom.教室里其他人都在學(xué)習(xí)而那兩個(gè)人不停地講話，大家都瞪著他們。9. requiren.&v.請(qǐng)求請(qǐng)求;需求需求易混辨析易混辨析require/demand/request/

15、ask/order require表示“要求”，含有“要求履行”的意思，表示根據(jù)權(quán)利要求對(duì)方做到某事。The situation requires that we should be calm. 形勢(shì)要求我們保持鎮(zhèn)靜。This job requires you to be very careful and quick-thinking.這項(xiàng)工作要求你們非常細(xì)心并且反應(yīng)要快。 demand 表示“權(quán)威性地和斷然地向?qū)Ψ教岢鲆蟆?，它和require相比較，具有更加積極和更加強(qiáng)硬的口氣。I demand that you leave here.我要求你離開(kāi)這里。They demanded an i

16、mmediate answer from Jack. 他們要求杰克立刻做出回答。注意：注意：當(dāng)它的主語(yǔ)是物時(shí)，意為“必須具備”。This work demands care and patience. 這項(xiàng)工作需要仔細(xì)和耐心。request表示“通過(guò)正式手續(xù)或者非常有禮貌地請(qǐng)求對(duì)方做某事”。I request them to stop making such a noise. 我請(qǐng)求他們不要再制造這種嗓音。All that I request of you is that you should be early. 我所要求的只是你應(yīng)該早些來(lái)。注意：注意：request是一種書(shū)面語(yǔ)，平時(shí)在口語(yǔ)中

17、，尤其是在家庭成員和親密朋友之間常用ask代替。ask 表示“要求，請(qǐng)求”，是最常用的詞。I ask him to come with me.我請(qǐng)他和我一起來(lái)。order 表示“命令”，是上級(jí)要求下級(jí)辦到的事情，具有強(qiáng)制性。The officer ordered that the work (should) be started after dark軍官下令天黑開(kāi)始工作。重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)10. hold up舉起；抬起；阻礙；使停止；支撐舉起；抬起；阻礙；使停止；支撐Can you hold up the stone for some minutes?你能舉起這塊石頭持續(xù)幾分鐘嗎？We were he

18、ld up by the traffic.交通堵塞把我們耽誤了。聯(lián)想拓展hold back 阻擋，抑制；隱瞞， 保留；躊躇不前hold on=hang in 等一會(huì)兒，別掛（打電話時(shí)）；堅(jiān)持；繼續(xù) hold down 壓制，鎮(zhèn)壓；縮減hold on to 緊緊抓??；保留；留下，不賣(mài)（某物）hold out 伸出；維持；保持hold sb. up as 將某人作為榜樣11. give away贈(zèng)送；泄露；喪失；犧牲；分發(fā)，頒發(fā)贈(zèng)送；泄露；喪失；犧牲；分發(fā)，頒發(fā)Dont give away my secret. 不要泄露我的秘密。he mayor gave away the prizes at t

19、he sports meet.市長(zhǎng)在運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)上頒發(fā)獎(jiǎng)品。He gave away most of his money to charity.他把大部分錢(qián)都捐給了慈善事業(yè)。In any way, you never give away the good chance.無(wú)論如何，你不要喪失了好機(jī)會(huì)。聯(lián)想拓展give up 放棄；讓出，讓座；停止做，斷絕give in 屈服；投降；交上give off 散發(fā)出（光、熱、煙、氣、味等）give out 分發(fā)（=hand out）；發(fā)出，放出；用完，耗盡；分布；發(fā)布（消息）give rise to 引起;造成give way 讓路，讓步；垮掉；崩潰give

20、 way to 給讓路/讓步；被代替12. be on guard（保持）警惕，心存戒備（保持）警惕，心存戒備Be on guard against pickpockets.當(dāng)心扒手。The sentry is on guard.那名哨兵在擔(dān)任警戒。13. make a deal (with .)(與與)做成交易，達(dá)成協(xié)議做成交易，達(dá)成協(xié)議We made a deal with the management on overtime.我們加班與管理人員達(dá)成了一項(xiàng)協(xié)議。They both wanted to use the car, so they made a deal.他們都想用車(chē)，于是他們達(dá)

21、成了一項(xiàng)協(xié)議。14. more than不僅僅；多于，超過(guò)不僅僅；多于，超過(guò)more than用于比較級(jí)，當(dāng)后面接數(shù)詞時(shí)，表示“超過(guò)，多于”；后面接名詞、形容詞、動(dòng)詞時(shí)，表示抽象的意義,意為“不僅僅;非常，十分”。It is more than a museum; its a school.這不僅僅是一個(gè)博物館，還是一所學(xué)校。Im more than happy to help you.我非常樂(lè)意幫助你。It cost me more than $100.這個(gè)花了我100多美元。聯(lián)想拓展more A than B與其說(shuō)是B， 不如說(shuō)是A（連接兩個(gè)并列成分）no more than=only 僅

22、僅;不過(guò)（后接數(shù)字）；正是（后接名詞）not more than=at most 至多（后接數(shù)字）no more .than 和一樣不（對(duì)雙方否定）not more . than 比不上;不及（對(duì)雙方加以肯定，但程度不同）more than a little 非常;很less than（=not at all） 少于；一點(diǎn)也不no less than(=as much as) 不少于；多達(dá)not less than 至少15. by accident碰巧（意思等同于碰巧（意思等同于accidentally，by chance）I discovered the fossil quite by a

23、ccident. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)這塊化石純屬偶然。聯(lián)想拓展by 除了可以引導(dǎo)交通類(lèi)的方式狀語(yǔ)外，還可以構(gòu)成一些習(xí)語(yǔ)，如：I took his umbrella by mistake. 我錯(cuò)拿了他的傘。The position of the enemy was taken by surprise in half a day. 敵人陣地在半天內(nèi)就被出其不意地攻下了。注意:這些詞組大多不用冠詞，也不用復(fù)數(shù)。重點(diǎn)句型16. In Russia, you should make a toast every time you take a sip from your glass.在俄國(guó)，你每一次從杯子里抿一小口時(shí)

24、，都要向別人祝酒。在俄國(guó)，你每一次從杯子里抿一小口時(shí)，都要向別人祝酒。every time 每次，這里用作連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。聯(lián)想拓展類(lèi)似的名詞作從屬連詞的還有：the first (second, .)time 第一（二，）次next time 下次each time 每次the moment/minute/second .（=as soon as） 一就the instant(=as soon as)一就Every time he comes to see us, he will buy some wonderful gifts.他每次來(lái)看我們時(shí)，都會(huì)買(mǎi)一些精美的禮物。I knew w

25、e would be good friends the first time I met her.我第一次見(jiàn)到她，我就知道我們會(huì)成為好朋友。17. But we dont clap at the end of a television programme or a book, however good they are. 但是無(wú)論一個(gè)電視節(jié)目或一本書(shū)是多么好，我們都不會(huì)在它們但是無(wú)論一個(gè)電視節(jié)目或一本書(shū)是多么好，我們都不會(huì)在它們結(jié)束時(shí)鼓掌。結(jié)束時(shí)鼓掌。however 無(wú)論，不管，這里用作連詞，相當(dāng)于no matter how, 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。從句的結(jié)構(gòu)一般是“however+adj./ad

26、v.+主+謂”；另外，however還可用作副詞，表示轉(zhuǎn)折，意為“然而，可是”。However late he went back home, his mother was waiting for him.無(wú)論他回家多么晚，他的母親都等著他。易混辨析however/but/while/though however adv. 意為“然而，不過(guò)”，通常置于句首或句中，有時(shí)也可置于句末，語(yǔ)氣比but弱，常用逗號(hào)與句子隔開(kāi)。 but conj.意為“但是”，表示轉(zhuǎn)折，連接兩個(gè)分句，語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)。 while conj.意為“而”，表示轉(zhuǎn)折，同時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)兩者的對(duì)比，連接兩個(gè)分句。 though adv.意為“然

27、而，不過(guò)”，表示補(bǔ)充附帶說(shuō)明某個(gè)情況，一般放于句末，用逗號(hào)與句子隔開(kāi)。構(gòu)詞法.利用派生法，品句填詞利用派生法，品句填詞1. An international team reported last week that the virus is so destructive, it can even _ unborn children, so well consider how humans can prevent the spread of this _ virus by taking action. (infect)2. If he prays for courage, you say god

28、 gives him _, or he gives him an opportunity to be _? (courage)答案:1. infect; infectious 2. courage; courageous.串聯(lián)擴(kuò)展串聯(lián)擴(kuò)展在橫線上填入適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或詞義在橫線上填入適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或詞義v./n. adj./n./v.+-ousnumber數(shù)量 _1_很多的 continue 繼續(xù) coutinous _2_nerve 神經(jīng) _3_緊張的rebel 反抗 rebelious _4_danger 危險(xiǎn) dangerous_5_ poison 毒藥 _6_ 有毒的mountain 山 mountainous _7_humour 幽默 _8_幽默的 答案:1.numerous 2.連續(xù)不斷的 3.nervous 4.反抗的 5.危險(xiǎn)的 6.poisonous 7.多山的 8.humourous