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1、第二篇第二篇閱讀閱讀第三節(jié)推理判斷題的解題技巧第三節(jié)推理判斷題的解題技巧所謂推斷，就是根據閱讀材料中所提供的信所謂推斷，就是根據閱讀材料中所提供的信息，推斷出未知的信息，即把有關的文字作為已息，推斷出未知的信息，即把有關的文字作為已知部分，從中推斷出未知部分。據以推斷的有關知部分，從中推斷出未知部分。據以推斷的有關文字可能是詞或句子，也可能是若干句子，甚至文字可能是詞或句子，也可能是若干句子，甚至是全文。此類考題雖然沒有明確的答案，但考生是全文。此類考題雖然沒有明確的答案，但考生在理解全文的基礎上可以進行推理和判斷其答案。在理解全文的基礎上可以進行推理和判斷其答案。廣東卷中的推理判斷題主要包括

2、推斷隱含意思、廣東卷中的推理判斷題主要包括推斷隱含意思、推斷目標讀者、推斷觀點態(tài)度、推斷文章出處、推斷目標讀者、推斷觀點態(tài)度、推斷文章出處、推斷寫作意圖等。尤以推斷隱含意義的題居多。推斷寫作意圖等。尤以推斷隱含意義的題居多。第一類第一類 推斷隱含意義推斷隱含意義 推斷隱含意義，即要求考生根據文章的某推斷隱含意義，即要求考生根據文章的某個句子、段落或全文所提供的事實進行邏輯推理，個句子、段落或全文所提供的事實進行邏輯推理，推斷出作者沒有提到的或者沒有明說的事實或者推斷出作者沒有提到的或者沒有明說的事實或者可能發(fā)生的事實。旨在考查考生透過詞語的字面可能發(fā)生的事實。旨在考查考生透過詞語的字面意義去理

3、解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力。意義去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力。推 斷 隱 含 意 義 的 題 干 中 常 含推 斷 隱 含 意 義 的 題 干 中 常 含 i n f e r ( 推 斷推 斷 ) ，suggest(暗示暗示)，imply(暗示暗示)，indicate(暗示暗示)，conclude(推斷，得出結論推斷，得出結論)等詞語。常見的題干設題形等詞語。常見的題干設題形式如下式如下：1We can know from the passage that _2. We can infer from the (first/last) passage that _3The pass

4、age/author implies/suggests that _4It can be concluded from the passage that _5The underlined sentence indicates that _一、常見的設問形式一、常見的設問形式解答這類題時，首先通過尋讀找到相關信息點解答這類題時，首先通過尋讀找到相關信息點(推理推理的依據的依據)；然后細讀、理解相關信息點的字面意義；最后；然后細讀、理解相關信息點的字面意義；最后結合語境和常識，在字面意義的基礎上進行符合邏輯的結合語境和常識，在字面意義的基礎上進行符合邏輯的推斷，從而理解作者的言外之意。解答此類題目

5、，需注推斷，從而理解作者的言外之意。解答此類題目，需注意以下幾個問題意以下幾個問題：1嚴格按照閱讀材料中所提供的信息進行推理，切嚴格按照閱讀材料中所提供的信息進行推理，切忌摻雜自己的主觀想法或經驗。忌摻雜自己的主觀想法或經驗。2如果某選項中的內容是閱讀材料的簡單重復，那如果某選項中的內容是閱讀材料的簡單重復，那它就不是推論，也就不是正確答案。它就不是推論，也就不是正確答案。二、解題方法二、解題方法3如果某選項所表達的內容與經驗相吻合，文中如果某選項所表達的內容與經驗相吻合，文中卻沒有涉及，那它屬于主觀臆斷的結論，也不是正確答卻沒有涉及，那它屬于主觀臆斷的結論，也不是正確答案。案。4如果某個選項

6、所表達的內容雖在文中提到，但如果某個選項所表達的內容雖在文中提到，但很片面或很不完整，那也不是正確答案。很片面或很不完整，那也不是正確答案。5文中的虛擬語氣和情態(tài)動詞文中的虛擬語氣和情態(tài)動詞(should，must，may等等)往往能流露出作者的弦外之音，這有助于我們往往能流露出作者的弦外之音，這有助于我們確定正確答案。確定正確答案。 6.注意作者在文章中的措辭，比如作者在形容注意作者在文章中的措辭，比如作者在形容詞前用了詞前用了too，excessively，rather等，則常帶有否定的等，則常帶有否定的意味。意味。例例 The position was offered at the la

7、st minute，and I was given two weeks to prepare，a period I spent searching for briefcase (公文包公文包)and standing before my fulllength mirror，repeating the words，“Hello，class.Im Mr.Davis.” Sometimes I would give myself an aggressive voice.Sometimes I would sound experienced.But when the day eventually ca

8、me，my nerves kicked in and the true Mr.Davis was there.I sounded not like a thoughtful professor，but rather a 12yearold boy. What can we learn about the author from the Paragraph?AHe would be aggressive in his first class.BHe was wellprepared for his first class.CHe got nervous upon the arrival of h

9、is first class.DHe waited long for the arrival of his first class.解析：解析： 推斷隱含意義題。根據本段中的推斷隱含意義題。根據本段中的“But when the day eventually came，my nerves kicked in and the true Mr.Davis was there.”和和“I sounded not like a thoughtful professor，but rather a 12 year old boy.”可知本題選可知本題選C。答案：答案：C 第二類第二類 推斷寫作意圖推斷寫作

10、意圖推斷寫作意圖，即要求考生根據短文內容推推斷寫作意圖，即要求考生根據短文內容推斷作者寫該文章的目的斷作者寫該文章的目的。 1The authors main purpose in writing the passage is to _2The passage is meant to _3The authors purpose is to show _4The purpose of the article is to _一、常見的設問形式一、常見的設問形式 作者的寫作目的通常有娛樂讀者、說服讀者接受作者的寫作目的通常有娛樂讀者、說服讀者接受某種觀點和告知讀者某些信息三種某種觀點和告知讀者某些信

11、息三種。解答此類題時主要有兩種方法解答此類題時主要有兩種方法：1主旨推斷法：寫作目的是闡述作者為何要表達主旨推斷法：寫作目的是闡述作者為何要表達某個中心主題，因此可根據主旨推斷作者的寫作目的。某個中心主題，因此可根據主旨推斷作者的寫作目的。2文體推斷法：根據文體的特點和用途來推斷作文體推斷法：根據文體的特點和用途來推斷作者的寫作目的。如記敘文，者的寫作目的。如記敘文，二、解題方法二、解題方法 特別是個人的有趣經歷或幽默故事類的文章，特別是個人的有趣經歷或幽默故事類的文章，其目的是娛樂讀者；夾敘夾議的文章，其目的是其目的是娛樂讀者；夾敘夾議的文章，其目的是讓讀者得到某種啟示或教育；廣告和議論文的

12、目讓讀者得到某種啟示或教育；廣告和議論文的目的是說服讀者接受某種產品、服務或接受某種觀的是說服讀者接受某種產品、服務或接受某種觀點；科普說明文或新聞報告，其目的是告知讀者點；科普說明文或新聞報告，其目的是告知讀者某些信息某些信息。例例Cold weather can be hard on pets，just like it can be hard on people.Sometimes owners forget that their pets are just as used to the warm shelter(住所住所) as they are.Some owners will lea

13、ve their animals outside for a long period of time，thinking that all animals are used to living outdoors.This can put their pets in danger of serious illness.There are things you can do to keep your animal warm and safe. Keep your pets inside as much as you can when the weather is bad.If you have to

14、 take them out，stay outside with them.When youre cold enough to go inside，they probably are too.If you must leave them outside for a long time，make sure they have a warm，solid shelter against the wind，thick bedding，and plenty of nonfrozen water.What is the purpose of this text?ATo solve a problem.BT

15、o give practical advice.CTo tell an interesting story.DTo present a research result.解析：解析： 推斷寫作目的題。根據第一段的中心推斷寫作目的題。根據第一段的中心句句(最后一句最后一句)可知可知，這是一篇說明文這是一篇說明文，其目其目的是給養(yǎng)寵物的人提一些實用的建議。的是給養(yǎng)寵物的人提一些實用的建議。答案：答案：B第三類第三類 推斷觀點態(tài)度推斷觀點態(tài)度推斷觀點態(tài)度，即要求考生推斷作者對某人推斷觀點態(tài)度，即要求考生推斷作者對某人某事的看法或作者所持的觀點。某事的看法或作者所持的觀點。1The author see

16、ms to be in favor of/against _2The author may probably agree with/support _3Whats the authors opinion about.?4In the authors opinion.?一、常見的設問形式一、常見的設問形式根據文章的內容和作者的措辭能推斷作者所持的根據文章的內容和作者的措辭能推斷作者所持的觀點或看法，判斷作者的態(tài)度是客觀的、主觀的，肯觀點或看法，判斷作者的態(tài)度是客觀的、主觀的，肯定的、否定的或是中立的。定的、否定的或是中立的。例例It is not just unkind but also dan

17、gerous to say a fourhourly feeding schedule will make a baby satisfied.The first of the experts to advocate a strict clockwatching schedule was Dr.Frederic Truby King who was against feeding in the night.Ive never heard anything so二、解題方二、解題方法法ridiculous.Baby feeding shouldnt follow a timetable set b

18、y the mum.What is important is feeding a baby in the best way，though it may cause some inconvenience in the first few weeks.What does the author think about Dr.Frederic Truby King?AHe is strict.BHe is unkind.CHe has the wrong idea.DHe sets a timetable for mothers.解析：解析： 推斷作者觀點態(tài)度題。由推斷作者觀點態(tài)度題。由“Ive ne

19、ver heard anything so ridiculous (荒謬可笑的荒謬可笑的)”可知?？芍?。答案：答案：C第四類第四類 推斷文章出處推斷文章出處推斷文章出處，即通過閱讀材料，感知內推斷文章出處，即通過閱讀材料，感知內容，從而推斷材料的來源。容，從而推斷材料的來源。1The text is most likely to be taken from _2Where does the text probably come from?3Where can we most probably read this text?一、常見的設問形式一、常見的設問形式解答這類推斷題時，可根據文章的內容或

20、結構解答這類推斷題時，可根據文章的內容或結構來推斷，也可根據各種文體的特征來判斷其出處，來推斷，也可根據各種文體的特征來判斷其出處，如廣告的用詞和格式非常特殊，因此容易辨認；報如廣告的用詞和格式非常特殊，因此容易辨認；報紙的前面會出現日期、地點或通訊社名稱；產品說紙的前面會出現日期、地點或通訊社名稱；產品說明的特點也比較明顯，一般會介紹其名稱、作用或明的特點也比較明顯，一般會介紹其名稱、作用或操作方式等。操作方式等。例例 The multimillion pound new Library of Birmingham (LoB) will be the most visible sign of

21、 the way the city is accepting the digitalization(數字化數字化) of everyday life.二、解題方法二、解題方法 Set to open in 2013，the 188m LoB is already beginning to take shape next to the Birmingham Repertory Theatre，with which it will share some equipment.As digital media(媒介媒介) is important to its idea，the project is

22、already providing chances for some of the many small new local companies working at the new technologies.Brian Gambles，the LoB project director，says it is about giving people the right tools for learning.“The aim is to mix the physical with the digital，providing 24hour services which can be used thr

23、ough many different ways.It is important to enable us to reach more people，more effectively.” The digital library will，he says，be as important as the physical one，allowing the distant use of the services，making sure that it is never closed to the public.Even before the LoB is complete，the public has

24、 been able to go online to visit the Virtual(虛擬的虛擬的) LoB，designed by Baden，the Birmingham virtual worlds specialists.Not only have the public been able to learn about the LoB，but the virtual one has also enabled those working on the LoB to understand the building and how it will work before it even

25、opens. Two other small Birminghambased digital companies are also working on the LoB projects.Substrat，a digital design company，is developing what it calls an example of an “enlarged reality” project.It is about the use of an exciting smart phone，an important part of the LoB which is in the early st

26、ages of development.And The Peoples Archive is an online library of historical figures of the city being built up by a digital content company in Cahoots，in which users will be encouraged to add to and comment on the material. Gambles says : “Technology will enable us to make the librarys content an

27、d services open to citizens as never before.”The text is most probably taken from _Aa computer bookBa library guideCa project handbookDa newspaper report解析：解析： 推斷文章出處。文章開頭用簡短的話概推斷文章出處。文章開頭用簡短的話概括文章括文章，結尾又有評論結尾又有評論，符合新聞報道的特點。符合新聞報道的特點。答案：答案：D第五類第五類 推斷目標讀者推斷目標讀者推斷目標讀者，即要求考生根據短文內容推斷目標讀者，即要求考生根據短文內容和文中的

28、措辭推斷此篇文章主要是寫給誰看的。和文中的措辭推斷此篇文章主要是寫給誰看的。1The passage is probably written for _2Who is the passage written for?3The text is written mainly for _一、常見的設問形式一、常見的設問形式解答此類題要根據文章內容，特別是從作者使用解答此類題要根據文章內容，特別是從作者使用的詞語和口氣來判斷。的詞語和口氣來判斷。例例 Exploit your parking spaceAn unused parking space or garage can make money.I

29、f you live near a city center or an airport，you could make anything up to 200 or 300 a week.Put an advertisement (廣告廣告) for free on Letpark or Atmyhousepark.Rent(出租出租) a room二、解題方法二、解題方法Spare room? Not only will a lodger(房客房客) earn you an income，but also，thanks to the governmentbacked “rent a room”

30、program，you wont have to pay any tax on the first 4，500 you make per year.Try advertising your room on Roomspare or Roommateeasy.Make money during special eventsDont want a fulltime lodger? Then rent on a shortterm basis.If you live in the capital，renting a room out during the Olympics or other big

31、events could bring in money.Grashpadder can advertise your space.For whom is the text most probably written?ALodgers.BAdvertisers.CHouse owners.DOnline companies.解析：解析： 推斷目標讀者題。文中圍繞如何利用家推斷目標讀者題。文中圍繞如何利用家中閑置的空間來賺取額外的收入進行論述中閑置的空間來賺取額外的收入進行論述，故故其目標讀者應為房主。其目標讀者應為房主。答案：答案：C閱讀下列文段，從題后所給的閱讀下列文段，從題后所給的A、B、C

32、和和D項中項中選出最佳選項。選出最佳選項。1When I was a teenager，my mothers broken English embarrassed me.But now，I see it differently.To me，my mothers English is perfectly clear，perfectly natural.It is my mother tongue.Her language，as I hear it，is vivid，direct，and full of observation and wisdom.It was the language that

33、 helped shape the way I saw things，expressed ideas，and made sense of the world.u即學即即學即練練What does the author think of her mothers English now? AIt confuses her.BIt embarrasses her.CIt helps her understand the world.DIt helps her tolerate rude people.解析：解析： 推斷隱含意義。由推斷隱含意義。由“But now，I see it different

34、ly.To me.and made sense of the world”可知可知選選C。答案：答案：C 2When I put on my flashlights，I was saying to other drivers，“I have a problem here.I am weak and doing the best I can.” And everyone understood.Several times，I saw drivers who wanted to pass.They couldnt get around me because of the stream of pass

35、ing traffic.But instead of getting impatient and angry，they waited，knowing the driver in front of them was in some way weak.What did the other drivers do when they saw the flashlights?AThey speeded up to pass.BThey waited with patience.CThey tried their best to help.DThey put on their flashlights to

36、o.解析：解析： 推斷隱含意義。由該段中的推斷隱含意義。由該段中的“But instead of getting impatient and angry，they waited，knowing the driver in front of them was in some way weak.”可知選可知選B。答案：答案：B 3Sometimes situations call for us to act strong and brave even when we dont feel that way.But those are few and far between.More often，it

37、 would be better if we dont pretend we feel strong when we feel weak or pretend that we are brave when we are scared.In this passage，the author advises us to_.Ahandle problems by ourselvesBaccept help from othersCadmit our weaknessDshow our bravery解析：解析： 推 斷 隱 含 意 義 。 根 據 文 章 最 后 一 句推 斷 隱 含 意 義 。 根

38、據 文 章 最 后 一 句“More often，it would be better if we dont pretend we feel strong when we feel weak or pretend that we are brave when we are scared.”可可知選知選C。答案：答案：C 4However，it wasnt all sweetness and light.There was a reported coldness between the cat and dog in 25% of the homes，while aggression and fi

39、ghting were observed in 10% of the homes.One reason for this is probably that some of their body signals were just opposite.For example，when a cat turns its head away，it signals aggression，while a dog doing the same signals submission.Some cats and dogs may fight when_Athey are cold to each other解析：

40、解析： 推斷隱含意義。根據該段中的推斷隱含意義。根據該段中的“One reason for this is probably that some of their body signals were just opposite.”一句可知選一句可知選C。答案：答案：CBthey look away from each otherCthey misunderstood each others signalsDthey are introduced at an early age 5The significance of the research on cats and dogs may go b

41、eyond petsto people who dont get along，including neighbors，colleagues at work，and even world superpowers.If cats and dogs can learn to get along，surely people have a good chance.What can we human beings learn from cats and dogs?AWe should learn to live in harmony.BWe should know more about animals.C

42、We should live in peace with animals.DWe should learn more body languages. 推斷隱含意義。通讀全文不難判斷：貓推斷隱含意義。通讀全文不難判斷：貓狗且能和諧相處狗且能和諧相處，人類有何不可？根據該段大意人類有何不可？根據該段大意可知本題選可知本題選A。解析：解析：答案：答案：A6A year after graduation，I was offered a position teaching a writing class.Teaching was a profession I had never seriously co

43、nsidered，though several of my stories had been published.I accepted the job without hesitation，as it would allow me to wear a tie and go by the name of Mr.Davis.My father went by the same name，and I liked to imagine people getting the two of us confused.“Wait a minute，” someone might say，“are you ta

44、lking about Mr.Davis the retired man，or Mr.Davis the respectable scholar？” The author took the job to teach writing because_Ahe wanted to be respectedBhe had written some storiesChe wanted to please his fatherDhe had dreamed of being a teacher 推理隱含意義。根據該段中的推理隱含意義。根據該段中的“as it would allow me to wear

45、a tie and go by the name of Mr.Davis.”一句可知選一句可知選A。解析：解析：答案：答案：A 7Providing guidance for parents on how to raise children is an ageold tradition.Perhaps the most widelyused guide was Baby and Child Care by Benjamin Spock，published in 1946，one of the biggest bestsellers of all time.Michael Ungar adds

46、a new handbook to show how parents can instill in their children a sense of compassion (同情同情)，giving priority to “we” rather than to “me”He draws on other authorities，his own experience as a father，and the understanding he has achieved from yearsof offering help to disturbed families.Practical guida

47、nce is offered on producing children who are responsible for themselves and others.Ungar fully recognizes the difficulty of helping young people move from selfcenteredness to caring for other people.Accordingly，he ends each chapter with a “Tips List” that offers effective suggestions on how to prepa

48、re children to become compassionate by engaging in simple acts of kindness.The importance of associations with parents and other adults is explored in two chapters that show how relationships can lead to responsibility.What Ungar calls “good touch”，both physically and emotionally，is thoughtfully exa

49、mined as a way of fostering connections and kinship (親密關系親密關系)Chapters are devoted to showing how children can be helped to take responsibility for themselves and others；to criticizing what are called “monster homes” in wealthy suburbs；and to arguing for communities that facilitate (促進促進) human inte

50、raction.The author of this helpful guidebook is a Canadian social worker on the faculty of Dalhousie University in Halifax，Nova Scotia.He earned bachelors and masters degrees in social work at McGill University and his doctorate in social work at Wilfrid Laurier University. As an accomplished resear

51、cher and practitioner, Ungar has numerous publications to his credit. His new book will deservedly enhance his wellmerited reputation. It is a useful addition to the list of parental handbooks.(1)The above passage is most probably taken from a _Aresearch paper BbiographyCbook review Dtextbook(2)The

52、last paragraph is written to _Atell us the works Michael UngarBlet us know how famous Michael Ungar isCmake a summary of Michael Ungars lifeDmake us more convinced of Michael Ungars book (1)推斷文章出處。全文主要介紹推斷文章出處。全文主要介紹Michael Ungar的新書的主要內容和特色。的新書的主要內容和特色。解析：解析：答案：答案：C (2)推斷寫作意圖。最后一段簡要介紹推斷寫作意圖。最后一段簡要介紹

53、Michael Ungar的經歷的經歷，結尾句結尾句“It is a useful addition to the list of parental handbooks.”的意的意圖是為了使讀者對圖是為了使讀者對Michael Ungar的新書更有信的新書更有信心。心。解析：解析：答案：答案：D8I dont want to see anyone cut off from the expressive，personal associations that a pen still promotes better than a digital keyboard does.For many a bi

54、ographer，part of really getting to know their subjects is learning to read their handwriting.According to the author，handwritten notes_Aare harder to teach in schoolsBattract more attentionCare used only between friendsDcarry more message 推理隱含意義。由該段第一句推理隱含意義。由該段第一句“the expressive，personal associatio

55、ns that a pen still promotes better than a digital keyboard does.”可知選可知選D。解析：解析：答案：答案：D9Sometimes youll hear people say that you cant love others until you love yourself.Sometimes youll hear people say that you cant expect someone else to love you until you love yourself.Either way，youve got to love

56、 yourself first and this can be tricky.Sure we all know that were the apple of our parents eyes，and that our Grandmas think were great talents and our Uncle Roberts think that we will go to the Olympics.But sometimes its a lot harder to think such nice thoughts about ourselves.If you find that belie

57、ving in yourself is a challenge，it is time you build a positive selfimage and learn to love yourself.Who are the intended readers of the passage?AParents. BAdolescents.CEducators. DPeople in general. 推斷目標讀者。由該段第四句中推斷目標讀者。由該段第四句中“were the apple of our parents eyes.our Grandmas think were.and our Uncl

58、e Roberts think that we will go to the Olympics”等可知等可知，本文應當是寫給青少年閱本文應當是寫給青少年閱讀的讀的，故選故選B。解析：解析：答案：答案：B10“Have you ever been out on a boat and felt it lifted up by a wave? Or have you jumped in the water and felt the rush of energy as waves came over you？” asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group a

59、t the University of Edinburgh.“There is certainly a lot of energy in waves，” he said.Scientists are working to use that energy to make electricity.When waves come toward the shore.The turbine can then power an electrical generator to produce electricity. “ “The resource is huge，” said Janet Swain of

60、 the Worldwatch Institute.“We will never run out of wave power.” Swain said that wave power still costs too much money.Traditional sources of energy like oil and gas may someday run out.In the future when you turn on a light，an ocean wave could be providing the electricity!The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to_Atest the readers knowledge about wavesBdraw the readers attention to the topicCshow Jamie Taylors importanceDinvite the readers to answer them 推測寫作意圖。根據寫作常識推測寫作意圖。根據寫作常識，作作者先提出問題的目的一般都是為了把讀者的注者先提出問題的目的一般都是為了把讀者的注意力引向這一話題。意力引向這一話題。解析：解析：答案：答案：B