CA6140車床主軸箱的設計【含8張CAD圖紙】,含8張CAD圖紙,CA6140,車床,主軸,設計,CAD,圖紙 各類畢業(yè)設計課程定做 Q號是1714879127 該論文含配套的圖紙(需購買) 南京理工大學泰州科技學院 畢業(yè)設計(論文)前期工作材料 學生姓名: 高燕婷 學 號： 05010102 系　部: 機械工程系 專 業(yè): 機械工程及自動化 設計(論文)題目: CA6140車床主軸箱的設計 指導教師: 曹春平 講師 材 料 目 錄 序號 名 稱 數量 備 注 1 畢業(yè)設計(論文)選題、審題表 1 2 畢業(yè)設計(論文)任務書 1 3 畢業(yè)設計(論文)開題報告〔含文獻綜述〕 1 4 畢業(yè)設計(論文)外文資料翻譯〔含原文〕 1 5 畢業(yè)設計（論文）中期檢查表 1 2009年5月 畢業(yè)設計課程定做 Q*Q=1714879127 各類畢業(yè)設計課程定做 Q號是1714879127 該論文含配套的圖紙(需購買) 南京理工大學泰州科技學院 畢業(yè)設計(論文)外文資料翻譯 系　　部： 機械工程系 專 業(yè)： 機械工程及自動化 姓 名： 高燕婷 學 號： 05010102 外文出處： Computer Support Cooperative Work in Design, The Sixth International Conference on,2001 附 件： 1.外文資料翻譯譯文；2.外文原文。 指導教師評語： 簽名： 年 月 日 注：請將該封面與附件裝訂成冊。 附件1：外文資料翻譯譯文 基于Agent協同數控概念設計 許志剛 香港理工大學，設計學院，設計技術研究中心， 香港，九龍，江口 sdzhgxu@polyu.edu.hk 黃斜睜，劉尉明 計算機輔助設計中心 機械工程學院， 山東大學 山東省濟南市，中國山口河 k-z-huang@yahoo.com, taolwm@sdu,edu.cn 摘要 創(chuàng)新是一個產品設計和發(fā)展的核心問題，比如如何用機床實施它們（創(chuàng)新）。本文提出了一種以“代理”（模塊）為基礎的數控配置模型概念。模型化是數控分層設計的基礎?；诤献鞔淼脑O計，將它的每個模塊作為一個自主的實體參與設計活動。產品設計過程被描述為代理的有組織的合作過程。合作多代理數控（CMNC）配置在提供大量設計方案和一個初步評價機構時，能大大曾加設計效果和創(chuàng)造力，這個雛形系統(tǒng)正在進一步發(fā)展，并且已經在創(chuàng)造力上顯示出巨大的潛力。 1． 導言 創(chuàng)造力在產品的設計和開發(fā)方面是最有競爭力的一個方面，這種情況同樣適用于機床的設計與制造過程。迄今為止，在制造技術方面已經取得了巨大的進步，并且已經在世界范圍內大量實施柔性制造系統(tǒng)了。無論如何，產品的快速制造和數字話等個性方面的發(fā)展趨勢正在日益增加，這些都吸引了更多的關注[1 ]，數控系統(tǒng)的快速和創(chuàng)造性的設計有了更大的意義。在深入調查后，我們可以得到這樣的結論，概念設計雖然只占總成本預算的10%，但是卻對總成本產生的影響至70%（或更多）。模塊化是一種數控系統(tǒng)概念設計與開發(fā)的有效方式，用簡單的方法來表達系統(tǒng)的結構，在開發(fā)新的結構時有足夠的靈活性。將專家系統(tǒng)引入機械設計系統(tǒng)，可以增加系統(tǒng)的設計效率。傳統(tǒng)的專家系統(tǒng)，大多是連續(xù)單一用途的系統(tǒng)，它們必然導致低效率。代理和多媒體技術使一些設計師在做設計工作時使用計算機協同工作變成一種可能[2]。本文提出了一種面向代理的創(chuàng)新設計數控系統(tǒng)配置的新方法。 本文余下的部分是按以下內容組織而成：第二節(jié)，簡單介紹數控技術模塊化；第三節(jié)，描述代理結構和功能；第四節(jié)，提出基于代理數控系統(tǒng)的設計模型；在第五第六部分舉例說明可行性。 2． 數控化模塊 2.1.模塊定義 為表示數控概念結構以下介紹三種典型模塊。它們是：平移模塊，旋轉模塊和基礎模塊（圖1a所示）。它們的定義如下： 定義1：基礎模塊，支持轉換和旋轉模塊中無法移動或旋轉的模塊，被命名為B，H_B向模塊，V_B指垂直模塊。 定義2：平移模塊，由基礎模塊或旋轉模塊支持，可以沿著x、y、z其中一個坐標方向上移動的模塊，分別被記作：H_X,H_Y,H_V。 定義3：旋轉模塊，在相應方向上的旋轉，記作R_X,R_Y,R_Z,其中R_H,R_V分別指模塊繞橫向軸和垂直軸的轉動。 注：一個旋轉模塊不能與另一個旋轉模塊相連接。 基礎模塊 平移模塊 方向 旋轉模塊 五軸數控設計排列 A向旋轉 B向旋轉 “C”形環(huán)形列表 圖1a 模塊的定義和五軸數控概念結構 2.2.模塊約束 根據以上定義，可以推導出下列模型約束為： 根據機床的設計規(guī)格可以得到以下的設計約束： 1） 如果工件質量較大，則工件不能垂直的移動； 2） 如果工件精度較高，則工件必須被固定或只有一個方向的運動； 3） 如果工件質量較大且精度較高，則工件夾具必須與與基底毗鄰。 2.3.顯示模塊 數控概念結構模型可以將不同的模塊按一個明確的方式排列來精確表達。圖1.b是一個有x,y,z直線坐標運動方向和A、B兩個方向上旋轉運動的五軸數控結構模型。圖1c是一個“C”形狀模塊，這是一個從刀具到工件元件的封閉環(huán)。 3.代理的功能與結構 每個代理包含五個模塊（圖2）。模塊功能及性能如下： 熟人模塊分別代表其他代理和本地同水平代理。合作模塊負責管理代理的社會活動，具體需要是由情況評定模塊檢測?？刂颇K是系統(tǒng)領域的接口程序。情況評估模塊決定哪些活動應本地進行和哪些應該分配給其他代理，那些接收任務的代理應該給予尊重，如它的請求應該給予實現，它的行動應該認為是接收到新信息后采取的行動，等等。它還用來接受問題的指示，并接受其他模塊反饋，其余部分則用作支持功能。該模塊自身是一個數據儲存器，存放由系統(tǒng)領域產生或通過接口接受到其他系統(tǒng)傳來的數據。通信管理者發(fā)送或接受社團其它代理的信息。 圖2 代理架構圖 定義4：代理具有六個部分： (援助，通訊，熟人，合作，評估， 控制) ::= ::= : :={ () ] ::=l ] lll : := : :={ ()} : := lll ::= ll::=lllIl< Cancel> ::={} 4.基于代理的設計過程的管理 工程設計，它被看作是由一個由各種自主實體組成，通過合作完成特殊任務的分布式系統(tǒng) [3]。系統(tǒng)中兩種基本要素：實體和活動。該實體包括CAD系統(tǒng)（主要處理圖形問題），用戶和各種代理（信息處理）?；顒邮且粋€實體進行設計的活動。在設計過程也有兩類信息：前臺和后臺[ 4]，表一表征信息活動及相應參與者的清單。 定義5：面向合作設計系統(tǒng)的代理由五部分組成（A、Tr、Er、Dr），其中A是代理集合，TR是設計事物，E是一系列的事件，OR是一個組織（包括CAD系統(tǒng)，及各類等）。事件是用戶、CAD系統(tǒng)和代理所觸發(fā)的系統(tǒng)的正式變換過程。其中代理參與了設計過程以及代理和外部世界的社團之間的通信。在此概念模式中，產品設計流程是一個由一組代理原動件構成的一個活動集和一些與用戶交互的代理的活動的集合。 5.設計過程舉例 定義6：事件可以由六部分來描述：（ETD、 ESTATE、 EPRE、 EAG、 EAC、 EPOST），其中EID是事件名稱，ESTATE是當前的系統(tǒng)狀態(tài)，EPRE是觸發(fā)事件的前提條件。EAG是活動代理的集合，EAC是代理進行的活動，EPOST是事件導致的狀態(tài)。圖3給出了事件描述。 表1 信息 活動 參與者 設計要求 用戶輸入，文件輸入 計算機輔助設計系統(tǒng)，用戶 設計意圖 推斷，輸入 用戶，代理，CAD系統(tǒng) 設計方法 研究，詢問 用戶，代理，CAD系統(tǒng) 設計標準 輸入，顯示 用戶，代理，CAD系統(tǒng) 標準件 數據基本要求 用戶，代理，CAD系統(tǒng) 設計歷史 記錄，對比，修改 代理，CAD系統(tǒng) 工程分析記錄 計算，狀態(tài)改變 代理，CAD系統(tǒng) 設計修改記錄 記錄，對比，修改，決定 代理，CAD系統(tǒng) 設計過程控制 開始，結束，中斷 用戶，CAD系統(tǒng) 消息 接收，發(fā)送，接受，拒絕 代理，用戶，CAD系統(tǒng) 參與者狀態(tài) 啟動，制動 同上 狀態(tài) Epre-條件 Epost 條件 EAC 參加者 CAD系統(tǒng)？用戶？代理？ 圖3.時間描述 如果想要設計一個數控銑床，該銑床可以用來處理渦輪葉片。刀具能夠同時在5個軸方向上運動，即x、y、z、A、B，即刀具有5個自由度。以上是設計的先決條件。如果零件比較輕，從設計約束第2.2章中來看，該零件的運動沒有任何限制。即EPRO有兩種觀點：1.刀具有x、y、z、A、B五個自由度；2.該零件性質比較輕。 定義7：事件序列的處理，如該處理能夠滿足模塊的約束和設計約束，則此次處理是一個可接受方法。 T::EID: : : : ::::: 1 : interactable; 0: uninteractable. 數控銑床有一個“C”字狀的結構，將工件作為起始點，刀具作為終點[5]，或者相反。因此，設計過程中帶有工件，首先應處理持有工件的模塊。 事件1：EID1 l EPRE：刀具有x,y,z,A,B五個方向的自由度且零件較輕 l 代理狀態(tài)：EAG: H__B H__V H__X H__Y H__Z R__V R__X R__Y 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 用戶：0等待 l 計算機輔助設計系統(tǒng)：0等待 在這時，所有模塊都可以被觸發(fā)，如果R_Y方向被觸發(fā)了即可實現y軸上的移動。于是條件將會改變。 EPOST：刀具失去一個自由度。 第二個事件：EID2 EPRE：x、z、A、B四個方向運動且零件較輕 由于模塊約束，R_Y不能與H_B、H_V、R_V、R_Z相連接，EAG變成這樣： H__B H__V H__X H__Y H__Z R__V R__X 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 用戶：0等待 計算機輔助系統(tǒng)：0等待 在這時，如果H_Z觸發(fā)，則： EPOST：刀具失去一個自由度 …… 六個事件結束后，刀具的自由度變?yōu)?，一次設計處理過程便結束了。這樣的處理結果認為是可以接受的。各種可能的解決方法都要被記錄下來作對比。在每次處理中，用戶要和計算機輔助系統(tǒng)進行交流，和其他設計人員進行并存元集的對比和討論。圖1.b是一次被命名為五軸數控結構的處理，盡管這也許不是最佳的解決方案。 6.舉例 圖4給出了基于代理的的數狀結構多方案的范例。在圖4中，“Base-H”是輸入端和開端。從這點課件，整個系統(tǒng)將在模塊化約束的限制工作。在設計過程中，層次低的模塊從它上層模塊中分離出來，但它又是不同于上層模塊的。更多的往往不是這樣，其結果可能超過最保守的、傳統(tǒng)監(jiān)督下的工作值，甚至有些可能看起來是可笑的，但這意味著創(chuàng)造力。通過采用設計約束，解決方案有很大集中性。隨著越來越多的約束被采用，其結果可能是越來越實際。例如，圖4中加粗的曲線，按R-Y>-T-Y->T-X->H-Base->T-Z>R-X設計的,是圖1c中一個可行的數控概念結構。 圖4 多解的數控結構設計 7.結論和致謝 本文所描述的基于代理的數控結構概念設計模型目前正快速發(fā)展。將來的工作將重點放在方案的認證機制上，現在它主要取決于設計師比較各種概念結構。只有在電腦告訴你哪個是可行的，哪個是最好的，這樣才能真正產生創(chuàng)造力。 這個項目得到了山東省委優(yōu)秀青年科學家獎。 8.參考文獻 [1]胡偉剛.機床模塊化的實踐與發(fā)展和智能支持系統(tǒng)[M].武漢：華中工學院，1994年6月. [2]許志剛，黃正興.機械多原動件系統(tǒng)合作問題的解決方案[].北京：國際CSCW車間，1996年6月.郵編：251—258. [3]曾廣舟,孫波奇.系統(tǒng)仿真基礎上的一種軟件要求工程及其支持環(huán)境[J].中國計算機雜志，1997.3. [4]鈴木，為產品開發(fā)設計背景所做的信息建模[J].CIRP年報,1996/1/45 [5]Yotaro Hatamura,智能機器中心的實際概念過程[J].CIRP年報,1995/1/44. 附件2：外文原文（復印件） 畢業(yè)設計課程定做 Q*Q=1714879127 Agent-Based Cooperative NC Conceptual Design Zhi Gang Xu Design Technology & Research Center, School o f Design, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong sdzhgxupolyu. edu. hk Abstract Creativity is a core issue of product design and development, so as is the machine tool that is implemented to make them. This paper presents a NC conceptual configuration model based on agent. Modularization is the fundamental of NC conceptual layout design. It takes each module as an autonomous entity participating in design activities, and the product design process is described as the organized cooperative work of agents. The Cooperative Muti-agent NC ConBguration (CMNC) system will greatly increase the designing efficacy as well as creativity by offering a large number of design options and a rudimentary evaluation mechanism. The prototype system, which is under further development, has showed great potential of creativity. 1. Introduction Creativity is the most competitive issue in product design and development, so does the machine tool that is implemented to make them. To date, the significant progress has been made in manufacturing technology, and a large number of FMS have been implemented mound the world. How ever with the ever increasing trend of individulization of products, agile manufacturing, rapid product design and develoopment etc have attracted more and more attention. Quick and creative design of NC (Numeracal Controlling Lathe etc) system is becoming even more significant. Conceptual design which affect 70 % (or more) the whole cost, but only accounts for 10 % of the budget, is under the way of in depth investigation. Modularization is an effective way of NC system conceptual design and development, which is a simple way to express the structure of the system, also has enough flexibility in developing new structures. To incease the design efficacy, expert system is introduced to the mechanical design systems. While traditional expert systems, which a r e mostly sequential single-purpose systems definately lead to low efficiency. Agent and Ke Zheng Huang, Wei Min Liu CAD Center College o f Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China k-z-, taolwmsdu, multi-media techniques make it possible to cooperate several designers to do the same designing task on the basis of Computer Supported Cooperated Work (CSCW)21. This article proposed a new approach of agent oriented Creative NC Configuration Design system. The rest of this paper is organized as the followings: section 2 is a brief introuction of NC system modularization, section 3 describes the architecture and the function of agent. Section 4 proposes the agent oriented NC system design model. In section 5, 6 one design example is exploited to demonstrate the design process. 2. NC Modularization 2.1. Module Definitions Three typical modules are introduced to express the NC conceptual layout. They are: translation module, rotation module and base module (as Fig.1 (a). Their definitions are as follows: Definition 1: Base module, support the translation or rotation modules which can not move or rotate, denoted by B, where H-B denotes the horizontal module, V-B denotes vertical module. Definition 2: Translation module, supported by base module or rotation module which can move along one corrodinate direction x,y,z, denoted by H-X, H-Y and H-V accordingly. Definition 3 : Rotation module, supported by base module or translation module which can rotate around one corrodinate axis: x,y,z, denoted by R-X, R-Y, R-Z accordingly, while R-H, R-V means module rotating on the horizontal or the vertical base module. Deduction: One rotation module can not be connected with another rotation module. 354 3. Function and Structure of the Agent An agent contains five modules (Fig.2). The function and performance of the modules are as follows: Acquaintance module is the representation of other agents and of the local domain level system respectively. Cooperate module is responsible for managing the agents social activities, the need being detected by the situation assessment module. Control module is the interface to the domain level system. Situation assessment module decides which activities should be performed locally and which should be delegated to other agent, which requests for cooperation should be honored, how requests should be realized, what action should be taken as a result of freshly arriving information, etc. It issues instructions to, and receives feedback from the other modules. The remaining components provide support function. The self- module is a repository for all the data which the underlying domain level system has generated or which has been received as a result of interaction with others. The communication manager sends and receives messages to/from other agents in the community. Z Z H-Y ) 5-axis NC layout anangrmcnt 0 C shapcdring list Fig.1 Module definition and 5-Axis NC conceptual layout. 2.2. Module Constraints From the above definitions., the following Module Constraints can be deduced: R i m j = 0; BinBj=l; & n H j =l; 0 I 8. n Bj = 1; illigle :1 :ligile following design constraints can be got: According to the design specifications of lathe, the 1) if the workpiece is heavy, then the workpiece can not move vertically; 2) ifthe workpiece is in high precision, then the workpiece is fixed or has only one translation movement; 3) ifthe workpiece is heavy and in high precision, then the workpiece jig must be adjacent with the base; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 Module Display The NC conceptual layout model can be expressed precisely by arranging different modules in an explicit way. Fig 1.b is an example of five-axis NC layout model with x,y,z translation movement and A, B rotation. Fig1 .c is the C shape ring list mod.el. It is a close ring from cutter to workpiece. CONTROL MODULE Fig.2 Agent Architecture. Definition 4 : Agent is described as a sextuple : (Aid, Communication, Acquaintance, Cooperate, Assessment, Control). := := : := () :=l lll : := : := () : := lll := llIllegil :=lllIl := 355 4. Management of the Design Process Based on Agent The engineering design is viewed as a distributed system consisting of various autonomous entities completing the special task through cooperation 31. There are two kinds of basic elements in the system: entities and activities. The entity includes the CAD systems (dealing mainly with the graphic issues), users and various agents (information handling). Activity is the process of the entity performing the design process. In the designing process there are also two categories of information: Foreground and Background 4, Table 1 is the list of information and the corresponding activities and participants. Definition 5: The agent oriented cooperative design system DS is a quintuple A,Tr,Ev,OR, among which, A is the set of agents, Tr is the design Transaction, E is the set of events, OR is the organization (including CAD system, various users etc ) . Event is the state change of the system triggered by users, CAD system and agents taking part in the design process, cooperation between agents and the communication with the outside world. In this conceptual model, the product design processes is an activity set of a group of agents and activities undertaking by the cooperative work of agents with the interference of users. 5. Illustration of the Designing Process Definition 6. Event is a sextuple (EID, ESTATE, EPRE, EAG, EAC, EPOST), where EID is the name of events, ESTATE is the present system state, EPRE is the precondition triggering the event. EAG is the set of activated agent, EAC is the action taking by the agent, EPOST is the state caused by this event. Fig.3 give the event description. Eprb- conditio Estate participant Fig.3 Event Description. If the design of a complex NC miller is wanted, which can process turbine blade, the cutter should move simultaneiously in five axis, say x, y, z, A, B, i.e the cutter has 5 DOF (Degree Of Freedom). This is the design precondition. If the part is light, from the designing constraints in chapter 2.2 , the movement of the part has no limitations. Then the EPRO has two hues : 1. x,y,z,A,B five DOF of cutter, 2. the part property is light. Definition 7 : Transaction is a sequence of events, one transaction is an acceptable solution which can satisfy the module constrains and the designing: constraints. T:. . . . . . EID: : : : :agent state? 1: allowed; 0: forbidden : 1 : interactable; 0: uninteractable. NC milling machine has a C list structure which take the workpiece as the starting point and the cutter as the ending point 51 or vice versa. So the design activity process with workpiece, it first deal with the module which hold the workpiece. Table 1. 356 For event1 : EIDl : 0 0 the agent state EAG: EPRE: x,y,z,A,B five cutter DOF & (is light Part-ProPerty) 0 user: 0 waiting. 0 CAD system: 0 waiting. At this point all the modules can be triggered, if R-Y is triggered which can realize the: “y” translation. Then the condition will be changed. 0 So for the event2: EID2 0 0 EPOST: cutter lost one DOF (Degree of Freedom) EPRE: x,z,A,B four movement &( is light part agent state EAG: from the module constrains , R-Y can not connect with H-ES,H-V,R-V,R-Z, so the property) 0 user: 0 waiting 0 0 CAD system state: 0 waiting At this time, if the H-Z is. triggered, then: EPOST: cutter lost one DOF (Degree of Freedom) After six events , the DOF of cutter reached 0, one design transaction has been finished. The result of one transaction is viewed as one acceptable solution. Various possible solutions will be recorded and compared. Among each transaction, user will interact with CAD system, compare and talk about the existing solutions with other designers. Fig.1 (b) is one transaction, which denotes the 5 axis NC layout, though it. may not be the optimal solution. . . . . . . . . . 6. Example Fig.4 gives the tree structure multi-solution paradigm based on agent. In Fig.4, “Base-” isthe input or beginning. From this point, th.e whole system will work under the monitor of modular constraints. In the design process, lower modules derived upper modules, and it is divergent. More often than not, the result may go beyond the least conserved traditional conventions, some may seem to be ridiculous, but that. may means creativity. By introducing design constraini:s, the solutions may be converged greatly. With more constraints being introduced, the result may be more and more realistic. For example, the thickened curve followed by R-Y-T- Y-T-X-H-Base-V-Base-T-Z-R-X in Fig.4 is one feasible NC conceptual structure in Fig. 1 (c). L e _ l m ”l7q H-Base t Fig .4 Multi-Solution in NC layout design 7. Conclusion and Acknowlegement The NC structure conceptual design model based on agent described in this paper is now under intense development. The future work will focuse on the solution qualification mechanism, now it depends mainly on the designers to compare the various conceptual structures, only after the computer tell which is feasible and which is better, can we realize some real form of creativity. This project is supported by the Shandong Provincial Excellent Young Scientist Award. 8. 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