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1、Unit 1 Active reading (1) Catching crabs Language points 1 … and we all started to get our heads down … (Para 1) To get one’s head down means to concentrate and focus on studying. In other British informal contexts, it can mean to sleep. Note also, to keep one’s head down means to continue to

2、 do something quietly, especially when there is trouble happening around you. Unit 1 Discovering yourself 2 Most important of course were the final exams in April and May in the following year. (Para 1) This is a conversational elliptical sentence. A standard way of saying this is: The most impo

3、rtant things, of course, were the final exams in April and May in the following year. 3 No one wanted the humiliation of finishing last in class, so the peer group pressure to work hard was strong. (Para 1) Peer group pressure is the pressure to conform that people, especially children and young

4、 people, often feel from the immediate group of those around them who are of the same age or status. 4 Libraries ... were standing room only until the early hours of the morning, and guys wore the bags under their eyes and their pale, sleepy faces with pride, like medals proving their diligence.

5、(Para 1) The expression standing room only means there are no more seats available because the place is crowded. This expression is often used in public performances, for sports events and on public transport to mean that you have to stand because the place is packed with people. Bags under thei

6、r eyes refer to loose dark areas of skin that you get when you have not had enough sleep. The expression guys wore the bags under their eyes with pride means that the students were proud that their tired appearance showed how hard they had been studying, and the bags under their eyes were like me

7、dals. 5 It wasn’t always the high flyers with the top grades who knew what they were going to do. (Para 2) A high flyer refers to someone who has achieved a lot and has the ability and determination to continue to be successful in their studies or job. In university, a high flyer is a top student

8、. 6 Quite often it was the quieter, less impressive students who had the next stages of their life mapped out. (Para 2) To have something mapped out means to have something that will happen planned in detail. 7 One had landed a job in his brother’s advertising firm in Madison Avenue, another had

9、 got a script under provisional acceptance in Hollywood. (Para 2) To land a job means to get a job that you wanted. Provisional acceptance refers to an acceptance which is arranged (in principle), but is not yet definite. It is temporary and could be changed. 8 The most ambitious student among

10、us was going to work as a party activist at a local level. (Para 2) A party activist is someone who takes part in activities that are intended to achieve political change, someone who is a member of a political organization. 9 We all saw him ending up in the Senate or in Congress one day. (Para 2

11、) To end up somewhere means to be in a particular place or state after doing something or because of it. Here, a party activist might end up in Congress, as a result of making career progress. 10 But most people were either looking to continue their studies … and then settle down with a family,

12、a mortgage and some hope of promotion. (Para 2) To look to continue their studies here means to hope or expect to continue their studies – whether they can do so would probably depend on their exam results and grades. You can also look to someone for help, advice or support. Discovering yourself

13、 Unit 1 A mortgage is a legal agreement in which you borrow money from a bank or financial organization in order to buy a house. You pay back your mortgage by making monthly payments, plus interest. Thus, getting a mortgage for many young people means getting a flat or house of their own. 11 I b

14、raced myself for some resistance to the idea. (Para 10) A brace is a piece of wood or metal which supports an object so that it does not fall down. So to brace oneself means to hold oneself together in readiness for something difficult or unpleasant. 12 You don’t need to go into a career which pa

15、ys well just at the moment. (Para 16) To go into a career means to start working in a particular job, business or career. 13 Several times the crab tried to defy his fellow captives, without luck. (Para 25) The crab tried to defy the others as it resisted others or refused to obey them when it tr

16、ied to escape. The expression without luck means without success, being unable to do what you want. Reading and understanding 3 Choose the best summary of what happened in the crab cage. 3 The cage was full of crabs. One of them was trying to escape, but each time it reached the top the other c

17、rabs pulled it back. In the end it gave up trying and started to prevent other crabs from escaping. 4 Choose the best answer to the questions. 1 What happened to the students in the fall of the final year? (a) They became more relaxed. (b) They became more serious. (c) They spent more time outs

18、ide. (d) They stopped going to lessons. 2 Why did some people have bags under their eyes in the morning? (a) They’d been to an all-night party. (b) They’d started worrying about their future. (c) They’d spent all night in the library. (d) They wanted to impress their teachers. 3 Which student

19、s had already planned their future? (a) The ones who had the best grades. (b) The ones who came from wealthy families. (c) The quieter ones who didn’t have the best grades. (d) The ones who wanted to get married and start a family. 4 Why did the writer go home? (a) He wanted to speak to his fa

20、ther. (b) He could study better at home than at college. (c) He had to attend a job interview. (d) It was a national holiday. Unit 1 Discovering yourself 5 Why did his father take him out to catch crabs? (a) They needed to get something to eat for dinner. (b) He wanted to show him how to catc

21、h crabs. (c) He wanted to tell him something about life. (d) They both wanted to enjoy the coastline and the sea. 6 What advice did his father give him? (a) Get to know yourself better. (b) Watch what others do carefully. (c) Always listen to your father. (d) You can’t always do what you want

22、. Dealing with unfamiliar words 5 Match the words in the box with their definitions. 1 achieving good results (productive) 2 the fact of being present at an event, or of going regularly to school, church etc (attendance) 3 the refusal to accept something new, such as a plan, idea, or change (re

23、sistance) 4 determined to be successful, rich, famous etc (ambitious) 5 agreement to a plan, offer, or suggestion (acceptance) 6 the written words of a play, film, television programme, speech etc (script) 7 very good, large, or showing great skill (impressive) 6 Complete the paragraph with the

24、 correct form of the words in Activity 5. To be a successful film scriptwriter takes more than training although (1) attendance on a screenwriting course will definitely help you learn the skills. You also need to be very (2) ambitious – the film business is very competitive. You have to be prepa

25、red to work hard and be very (3) productive because it takes more than just one good idea to make it big. No matter how (4) impressive your idea is, there will always be (5) resistance from producers because it’s too expensive. So make sure you have plenty of others to show them. What are you wai

26、ting for? Get on with writing that brilliant (6) script and plan your (7) acceptance speech for when you win your first Oscar! 7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. 1 We’ve seen a place we like and we’re applying for a loan to buy a house. (mortgage) 2 We

27、stood on the top floor of the boat and watched the coast disappear into the horizon. (deck) 3 I love to walk along the beach and watch the waves breaking, and the white water hitting the shore. (surf) 4 In seaside areas in the north-east of the country, life is hard and fishermen have to go agains

28、t the forces of nature every time they go to work. (coastal; defy) 5 Agreement was finally reached after a long and heated discussion. (lengthy) 8 Answer the questions about the words and expressions. 1 If you watch an impromptu performance of something, has it (a) been prepared, or (b) not been

29、 prepared? 2 When you map out your future, do you (a) plan it carefully, or (b) draw a sketch of it on paper? Discovering yourself Unit 1 3 If you brace yourself for something unpleasant, do you (a) try not to think about it, or (b) prepare yourself for it mentally and physically? 4 Do you moo

30、r a boat by (a) turning the steering wheel, or (b) tying it to a post with a rope? 5 Is a rusty piece of metal something that (a) is bright and shiny, or (b) might have been left out in the rain and is covered with brown substance? 6 If a bowl is brimming with soup, is it (a) very full, or (b) ha

31、lf empty? 7 If someone is being held captive, are they (a) free to do as they please, or (b) being kept as a prisoner? 8 If you have figured out something, have you (a) added numbers together, or (b) understood it? Active reading (2) 2 Work in pairs. Look at the title of the passage and choose t

32、he best way to complete the sentences. 1 The passage will be (c) . (a) a newspaper article about life expectancy (b) a sad story about death (c) advice about how to make the most of your life (d) a warning that modern lifestyles are bad for health Unit 1 Discovering yourself 12 2 The passage

33、 is likely to be (d) . (a) serious (b) funny (c) depressing (d) a mixture of all three 3 The passage is likely to say (b) . (a) young people don’t think enough about death (b) life is short (c) people are dying unnecessarily (d) people don’t enjoy life enough We are all dying Background i

34、nformation The passage is taken from Everything That Happens to Me Is Good, a book of thoughts, experiences and insights from the life of Geoff Thompson. The writer worked in many different jobs, including nine years as a “bouncer” in a nightclub in London (a bouncer has the tough job of making s

35、ure that no one causes trouble, eg if they are rude, drunk or violent). He then trained full-time in karate, judo and other martial arts and became well-known as a martial arts instructor. He lived out his dream to become a writer, authoring over 30 books on self-defence and self-improvement and

36、has recently been making films and writing for the screen. Asked what he had learnt from his years in martial arts, he said, “The main thing I’ve learned is that wherever there is discomfort there is growth, but what people do is to look for growth in areas of comfort – and there’s no growth in c

37、omfort. So look for areas of growth that are uncomfortable but allow you to grow, and learn to become comfortable in those areas.” Language points 1 I have some good news and some bad news for you (as the joke goes). The bad news – and I’m very sorry to be the bearer – is that we are all dying.

38、It’s true. I’ve checked it out. (Para 1) Good news and bad news are often paired together in jokes and in comments on new information or recent events where there is a mixture of positive and negative aspects, eg The good news is … But the bad news is … To check something out means to examine so

39、mething or someone in order to be certain that everything is correct, true, satisfactory or acceptable. Check this out! is an attention-getting exclamation which means here’s something interesting to have a look at. 2 … we are all going to be either coffin dwellers or trampled ash in the rose gar

40、den of some local cemetery. (Para 1) Coffin is a long box in which a dead person is buried. The expression coffin dweller is a humorous way to refer to dead people. The expression trampled ash in the rose garden of some local cemetery refers jokingly to the ashes of a dead person placed in a ce

41、metery garden where people walk on the buried ashes. Discovering yourself Unit 1 13 3 After all, we never quite know when the hooded, scythe-carrying, bringer-of-the-last-breath might come-a-calling. (Para 1) The expression the hooded, scythe-carrying, bringer-of-the-last breath refers to the r

42、eaper, a person who reaps or cuts corn for the harvest and is a symbol of death from medieval times of the West. A reaper is personified as a tall figure dressed in a black cloak with a hood covering his face and carrying a scythe, a cutting tool with a long curved metal blade used for cutting, o

43、r reaping long grass or corn. The reaper brings death or brings your last breath. The expression when the reaper arrives means when death comes to you. 4 … and nothing underlines the uncertainty and absolute frailty of humanity like the untimely exit of a friend. (Para 1) The word exit here mea

44、ns leaving this world or death. The word untimely means happening at a time that is not suitable because it causes problems. An untimely death is too soon or when a person is young. 5 Knowing that we are all budding crypt-kickers takes away all the uncertainty of life. (Para 3) That we are all bu

45、dding crypt-kickers is a humorous way of saying that we are all potentially soon to be buried, ie dead. 6 The prologue and epilogue are already typed in. All that’s left is the middle bit ... choose the meat of the story. (Para 3) A prologue is a piece of writing at the start of a book, or the b

46、eginning of a play, film or TV programme that introduces a story. An epilogue is at the end of a novel, play or piece of writing, which carries an extra comment or extra information about what happens after the main story. Here, the writer’s point is that the prologue (birth) and epilogue (end, d

47、eath) of your life are already written, but we all choose to write the middle bit – the meat of the story. 7 So, all those plans that you have on the back burner, you know, the great things you’re going to do with your life “when the time is right”? (Para 4) A back burner is literally one of the

48、 back parts of a cooker which is used for heating or cooking food. Metaphorically, if you put something on the back burner, it means you have decided not to do it until later. It is at the back of the cooker, just simmering or cooking slowly, so you don’t give it priority because it doesn’t need

49、your full attention. The expression this back-burner stuff (Para 10) thus refers to things which have low priority and get little attention. 8 There’s only a promissory note that we are often not in a position to cash. (Para 5) A promissory note is a document giving details of your promise to pay

50、 someone a particular amount of money by a particular date. The writer means that tomorrow, or the future, is like a promissory note for which you never get the cash, because the future never comes unless you act now and use time wisely, as if tomorrow is today. 9 … but regret and a rear-view mi

51、rror full of “could haves”, “should haves” and “would haves”. (Para 5) A rear-view mirror is a mirror fixed to the front window of a car that lets the driver see what is happening behind. Here, the mirror refers to the past, which is behind us. We don’t want such a mirror full of regrets about th

52、ings we could / should / would have done, but did not do. Unit 1 Discovering yourself 14 10 I love watching people ingeniously stack the cucumber around the side of the bowl – like they’re filling a skip – and then cramming it so high that they have to hire a forklift truck to get it back to th

53、e table … They just know that they only have one shot at it. (Para 6) A skip is a large metal container used in the building industry for waste; it is carried away by a truck when it is full. A forklift truck is a vehicle that uses two long metal bars at the front for lifting and moving heavy obj

54、ects. The writer is using the images of a skip and a truck to emphasize how people use the opportunity to serve themselves, because they only have one shot – they only have one chance or attempt, they can’t return for more salad in this type of buffet, so they make the most of this opportunity.

55、11 So what I’m thinking is (and this is not molecular science) … (Para 10) It means this is not specialized knowledge. It’s not rocket science; it’s simple and straightforward. 12 The right time is the cheque that’s permanently in the post, it never arrives. (Para 10) That the cheque is in the po

56、st means money has been sent, its on its way. This is often said as an excuse for late payment, so if the cheque’s permanently in the post, it means the money never comes. 13 It’s the girl who keeps us standing at the corner of the Co-op looking like a spanner … She’s stood us up. (Para 10) The

57、expression looking like a spanner on the street corner means he looks awkward and out of place, waiting for a girl who is late and never arrives. To stand someone up means not to come to meet them when you have arranged to meet them, especially someone with whom you are having or starting a roman

58、tic relationship. The word us is an informal and personal way to include others who will recognize that this is a typical experience. 14 Act now or your time will elapse and you’ll end up as a sepia-coloured relative that no one can put a name to in a dusty photo album. (Para 13) The expression

59、you’ll end up as a sepia-coloured relative means that in the end you will be only an old half-forgotten photograph in a photo album. I can’t put a name to someone is said when you halfrecognize a person but you can’t quite remember his name. 15 Better to leave a biography as thick as a whale omel

60、ette than an epitaph. (Para 14) An omelette is flat round food made by mixing eggs together and cooking them. The expression as thick as a whale means extremely thick. The writer means it is better to leave a very large biography than an epitaph, or, in other words, live a full life which is wort

61、h writing about. Reading and understanding 3 Choose the best summary of the passage. 3 Life is short. So there’s no point in planning for a future which may never come. Now is the time to do what we want to do. There’s no time to lose. Dealing with unfamiliar words 4 Match the words in the box

62、 with their definitions. 1 involving three things of the same kind (triple) 2 an area of ground where dead people are buried (cemetery) Discovering yourself Unit 1 15 3 the part of a place or thing that is at the back (rear) 4 a book that someone writes about someone else’s life (biography) 5

63、 to put people or things into a space that is too small (cram) 6 at the very beginning of a career and likely to be successful at it (budding) 7 continuing only for a limited time or distance (finite) 8 to pass (elapse) 5 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.

64、1 About two hours elapsed before we reached the cemetery where the war dead were buried. 2 I sat in the rear seat behind the driver. My three sisters were all crammed in the front. 3 The entrance to the car park was blocked, so the road was full of cars which had been triple-parked one against an

65、other, making it almost impossible to get past. 4 We have a number of budding authors in our class this year, one of whom has written a fascinating biography of his grandmother. 5 The time we have on this earth may be finite, but there are no limits to the human imagination. 6 Answer the questio

66、ns about the words. 1 If you substantiate a claim, do you (a) prove it is true, or (b) persuade someone that it is true? 2 If someone tramples over something, do they (a) pour water over it, or (b) walk all over it? 3 If someone’s arrival is untimely, is it (a) at the wrong moment, or (b) late? 4 If events are described chronologically, do they occur (a) in the order in which they happened, or (b) in no particular order? 5 Is ingeniously likely to mean (a) artistically, or (b) cleverly? 6