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1、 一一. 定語從句的基本定義定語從句的基本定義放在名詞或代詞后面，由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞放在名詞或代詞后面，由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的修飾該名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。引導(dǎo)的修飾該名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的詞叫先行詞。被修飾的詞叫先行詞。The boy who is reading is Tom.先行詞先行詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞Hospital is a place where a doctor works.先行詞先行詞關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞 二二. 關(guān)系詞的分類關(guān)系詞的分類1. 關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞 2. 關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語、賓語、表語關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語、賓語、表語

2、和定語，常用的關(guān)系代詞有：和定語，常用的關(guān)系代詞有：that, which, who, whom, whose關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中作狀語，常用的關(guān)系副關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中作狀語，常用的關(guān)系副詞有：詞有：when, where, why三三. 關(guān)系代詞的基本用法和注意點關(guān)系代詞的基本用法和注意點1. 關(guān)系代詞的基本用法關(guān)系代詞的基本用法關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞 指代的先指代的先行詞行詞充當從句的成分充當從句的成分who人人主語、賓語主語、賓語whom人人賓語賓語which物物主語、賓語主語、賓語that人或物人或物主語、賓語、表語主語、賓語、表語whose人或物人或物定語定語 who指人指人,在定語從句

3、中作主語或賓語。作賓在定語從句中作主語或賓語。作賓語時，可省略。語時，可省略。The man (who) I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.whom指人指人, ,在定語從句中作賓語，可省在定語從句中作賓語，可省略略。 The man (whom) I nodded to is Mr. Li. which 指物，在定語從句中作主語或賓指物，在定語從句中作主語或賓語。作賓語時，可省略。語。作賓語時，可省略。 These are the trees which were planted

4、last year.This recorder （which） he is using ismade in Japan. He is the man (that) I told you about.that 指人或物，在定語從句中作主語或賓指人或物，在定語從句中作主語或賓語。作賓語時，可省略。語。作賓語時，可省略。A plane is a machine that can fly.whose指人或物指人或物, 在定語從句中作定語在定語從句中作定語 。不可省略。不可省略。We live in a house whose windows face south.This is the little

5、girl whose parents were killed in the great earthquake.2. 關(guān)系代詞的用法注意點關(guān)系代詞的用法注意點(1) that和和which都可以指物，但以下都可以指物，但以下5種情況種情況只能用只能用that 不能用不能用which。當先行詞中有人又有物時。如：當先行詞中有人又有物時。如： Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?當先行詞為不定代詞當先行詞為不定代詞all, one, few, little, no, some, any, everything,

6、 nothing, nobody, none等時。如：等時。如：This is all that I want from the school.當先行詞被當先行詞被only, just, very, right, last等等修飾時。如：修飾時。如：This is the very book that I am looking for these days.當先行詞被最高級修飾時。如：當先行詞被最高級修飾時。如：The TV tower is the highest building that has been built in this city.當先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時。如：當先行詞被序數(shù)詞

7、修飾時。如：The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.(2) that和和who都可以指人，但下面兩種情況，都可以指人，但下面兩種情況，多用多用who。先行詞為先行詞為all, anyone, one, ones等時。如：等時。如：All who heard the news were excited.先行詞為先行詞為those, he和和people時。如：時。如：Those who want to go please sign your names here.He who does not reach the Great

8、 Wall is not a true man.(3) whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句注意點引導(dǎo)的定語從句注意點whose引導(dǎo)定語從句，其后應(yīng)緊跟名詞，構(gòu)成名引導(dǎo)定語從句，其后應(yīng)緊跟名詞，構(gòu)成名詞短語。詞短語。 whose與它所修飾的名詞一起可以作介詞的賓語。與它所修飾的名詞一起可以作介詞的賓語。如：如：The boss in whose department he worked had heard the news.他工作所在部門的老板已經(jīng)聽說他工作所在部門的老板已經(jīng)聽說了這個消息。了這個消息。whose的先行詞指物時，可用的先行詞指物時，可用of which代替，但語代替，但語序不同，即序不同，

9、即whose+名詞名詞 = the+名詞名詞+of which，或，或= of which + the + 名詞。如：名詞。如：The novel whose title (= the title of which或或of which the title) is Red and Black is very interesting. whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句，其先行詞既可以指人引導(dǎo)的定語從句，其先行詞既可以指人也可以指物。也可以指物。whose的先行詞指人時，可用的先行詞指人時，可用of whom代替，代替，但語序不同，即但語序不同，即whose+名詞名詞 = the+名詞名詞+of whom，

10、或，或= of whom + the + 名詞。如：名詞。如：The boy whose mother (= the mother of whom或或of whom the mother) is a doctor is my friend.(4) 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時，從句的謂語動詞關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時，從句的謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)必須與先行詞保持一致。如：的人稱和數(shù)必須與先行詞保持一致。如：Those who are against the plan put up your hands.Tom is one of the students who were praised by the

11、teacher yesterday.Tom is the only one of the students who was praised by the teacher yesterday.The scientist who we met yesterday is very famous whom in the world. that (2) The dress is new. She is wearing it.The dress which she is wearing is new. that (1) The scientist is very famous in the world.

12、We met her yesterday.鞏固練習(xí)：鞏固練習(xí)：1. 用定語從句合并句子用定語從句合并句子(3) He is the kind person. I have ever worked with him. (4) This is the best film. I have ever seen this film.He is the kind person who I have ever worked with. whom that This is the best film that I have ever seen. 1.The girl _is standing who/that

13、鞏固練習(xí)：鞏固練習(xí)：2. 用適當?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空用適當?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空四四. 介詞介詞+which/ whom引導(dǎo)的定語從句引導(dǎo)的定語從句1. 介詞的選用原則：介詞的選用原則：(1)根據(jù)定語從句謂語動詞的習(xí)慣搭配來決定。根據(jù)定語從句謂語動詞的習(xí)慣搭配來決定。This is the book on which I spent 8 dollars.This is the book for which I paid 8 dollars.(2) 根據(jù)先行詞的習(xí)慣搭配來決定。根據(jù)先行詞的習(xí)慣搭配來決定。I remember the day on which I joined the Party.I rememb

14、er the days during which I lived there.2. 當介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前面時，關(guān)系代詞只能用當介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前面時，關(guān)系代詞只能用whom(指人指人)或或which(指物指物)，且關(guān)系代詞不能，且關(guān)系代詞不能省略。省略。The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbor. I cant find the pen with which I was writing .3. 當介詞位于定語從句末尾時，可用當介詞位于定語從句末尾時，可用 which/that(指物指物), who/whom/that(指人指人)作從

15、句作從句中介詞的賓語中介詞的賓語.而且作介詞賓語的關(guān)系代詞可以而且作介詞賓語的關(guān)系代詞可以省略。省略。(whom/who/that)(which/that)Dad is a person_ I can easily talk to.Is this the play _ you were talking about just now?4. 在一些固定搭配的動詞短語中，由于動詞在一些固定搭配的動詞短語中，由于動詞和介詞不可分割，因此不能把介詞置于關(guān)系代和介詞不可分割，因此不能把介詞置于關(guān)系代詞之前。如：詞之前。如：This is the watch (that/ which) I am looki

16、ng for.The babies (who/ whom/ that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy.5. 先行詞是先行詞是the way，意為，意為“方式，方法方式，方法”時，引時，引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞用導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞用that/ in which或省略。或省略。 I didnt like the way _ she talked to me. The way _he teaches English is interesting.（that/in which）（that/in which）五五. 關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞when, whe

17、re和和why的用法的用法關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞指代的先行詞指代的先行詞充當從句的成分充當從句的成分when表時間的名詞表時間的名詞/名詞詞組名詞詞組時間狀語時間狀語where表地點的名詞表地點的名詞/名詞詞組名詞詞組地點狀語地點狀語why表原因的名詞表原因的名詞原因狀語原因狀語用關(guān)系副詞用關(guān)系副詞when時，先行詞指時間，時，先行詞指時間，when在定在定語從句中作時間狀語，語從句中作時間狀語，when可換成可換成“介詞介詞+關(guān)系關(guān)系代詞代詞”。如：。如：I still remember the day when (= on which) I first came to Nanjing.My fa

18、ther was born in the year when (= in which) World War broke out.1. when用關(guān)系副詞用關(guān)系副詞where時，先行詞指地點，時，先行詞指地點，where在定在定語從句中作地點狀語，語從句中作地點狀語，where可換成可換成“介詞介詞+關(guān)系關(guān)系代詞代詞”。如：。如：This is the farm where (= on which) we worked when we were young.The school where (= in which) his mother teaches is in the west of the

19、 city.2. where用關(guān)系副詞用關(guān)系副詞why時，先行詞指原因，時，先行詞指原因，why在定語在定語從句中作原因狀語，從句中作原因狀語，why可換成可換成“介詞介詞+關(guān)系代關(guān)系代詞詞”。如：。如：There are several reasons why (= for which) the boys should be punished.Tom couldnt give the teacher the reason why (= for which) he was late for school.3. why4. 關(guān)系副詞的用法注意點關(guān)系副詞的用法注意點(1)當先行詞為當先行詞為tim

20、e，表示，表示“次數(shù)次數(shù)”時，應(yīng)用時，應(yīng)用關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞that 或省略。如：或省略。如：This is the first time (that) the president has visited the country.(2)當當point, situation, case等詞作先行詞表示等詞作先行詞表示“情況，境地，場合情況，境地，場合”等意思時，其后常由等意思時，其后常由where引導(dǎo)定語從句，引導(dǎo)定語從句，where在句中作狀語。如：在句中作狀語。如：Can you think of a situation where this phrase can be used?鞏固練習(xí)：用適當

21、的關(guān)系詞填空鞏固練習(xí)：用適當?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空 1) October 1, 1949 was the day_ (_ _) China was founded. 2) Beijing is the place _ (_ _) I came. 3) Is this the reason _ (_ _) he didnt want to see me?whenon whichwherefrom whichwhyfor which 4) Is this the room _(_ _) we were living last winter? 5) The days are gone _ (_ _) we u

22、sed “foreign oil”. 6) Yesterday, we had a meeting _ (_ _) we discussed many problems.wherein whichwhenduring whichat whichwhere對比練習(xí)：用適當?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空對比練習(xí)：用適當?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空1. The room _ he once lived is still there. The room _ I have to clean every day belongs to my mother.where/in which(that/which)2. I will never f

23、orget the day_ I met you. I will never forget the day _ we spent together.when/on which(that/which) The reason _ I dont know is known to him.(that/which)why/for which3. The reason _ I dont know the thing is that I was not there at that time.六六. 非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句1. 非限制性定語從句的定義非限制性定語從句的定義非限制性定語從句是對被修飾部

24、分進行附加說非限制性定語從句是對被修飾部分進行附加說明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚。明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚。它和主句之間的關(guān)系比較松散，因此常用逗號它和主句之間的關(guān)系比較松散，因此常用逗號隔開。隔開。My watch, which is very old, stopped again.2.限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別(1)限制性定語從句和主句的關(guān)系十分密切，限制性定語從句和主句的關(guān)系十分密切，若省去，主句的意思就不明確。主從句之間若省去，主句的意思就不明確。主從句之間不用逗號隔開。而非限制性定語從句則不然。不用逗號隔開。而

25、非限制性定語從句則不然。試比較：試比較：This is the best book that I have read.This is a good book, which is easy to understand.(2)限制性定語從句的先行詞總是一個名詞或一個限制性定語從句的先行詞總是一個名詞或一個代詞，而非限制性定語從句的先行詞可以是一個代詞，而非限制性定語從句的先行詞可以是一個詞，也可以是部分或整個主句的意思。此時，一詞，也可以是部分或整個主句的意思。此時，一般用關(guān)系代詞般用關(guān)系代詞as或或which引導(dǎo)。引導(dǎo)。(4)在非限制性定語從句中，不能省略關(guān)系代在非限制性定語從句中，不能省略關(guān)系

26、代詞，而在限制性定語從句中則可以。詞，而在限制性定語從句中則可以。(3)限制性定語從句可以用關(guān)系代詞限制性定語從句可以用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)，而非引導(dǎo)，而非限制性定語從句則不能。限制性定語從句則不能。(5)關(guān)系代詞在非限制性定語從句中作介詞的賓語關(guān)系代詞在非限制性定語從句中作介詞的賓語時，介詞前可以有被介詞短語所修飾的詞。如：時，介詞前可以有被介詞短語所修飾的詞。如：(6)在非限制性定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞還可以在非限制性定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞還可以作介詞的賓語。作介詞的賓語。He has two daughters, the elder of whom is married.He is ill,

27、in spite of which he keeps on studying.3. 關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞as, which引導(dǎo)非限制定語從句時的區(qū)別引導(dǎo)非限制定語從句時的區(qū)別(1)as和和which都可指主句的整個意思，而不是主都可指主句的整個意思，而不是主句中的某一個詞。句中的某一個詞。as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有時還可插入主既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有時還可插入主句中；而句中；而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句一般置于引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句一般置于主句之后。如：主句之后。如：The weather turned out to be ver

28、y good, which was more than we could expect.As is known to all, the moon travels round the earth.(2) as多用于下列習(xí)慣用語中多用于下列習(xí)慣用語中as anybody can see 正如人人都能看到的那樣正如人人都能看到的那樣as is well known = as is known to all 眾所周知眾所周知as we had expected 正如我們所預(yù)料的那樣正如我們所預(yù)料的那樣as often happens 正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣as has been said

29、 before 如上所述如上所述as is mentioned above 正如上面提到的正如上面提到的4. “介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，一般有以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu)：一般有以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu)：(1)名詞名詞+介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞：關(guān)系代詞：They live in a house, the door of which faces south.(2)代詞代詞+介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞：關(guān)系代詞：There are four students in the classroom, all of whom are working hard.(3)數(shù)詞數(shù)詞+介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞：關(guān)系代詞：Last Sunday I bought a book from the bookstore, three of which were English novels.(4)形容詞比較級形容詞比較級/最高級最高級+介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞：關(guān)系代詞：China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan.