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1、 第三部分　概要寫作 [浙江卷三年考情分析] 年份 寫作類型 信息提示 體裁 話題 題材內(nèi)容 字?jǐn)?shù)要求 2019年6月 概要寫作 漢語提示 議論文 社會生活 父母對孩子的表揚(yáng) 60字左右 2018年11月 概要寫作 漢語提示 說明文 學(xué)校生活 申請大學(xué)之前應(yīng)對其了解 60字左右 命 題 者 說 1.考綱要求 提供一篇350詞以內(nèi)的短文，要求考生基于該短文寫出一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。概要寫作或讀后續(xù)寫，兩種形式在不同考次不定期交換使用。 2.考查特點 概要寫作屬于限制性寫作。主要考查考生凝縮大段閱讀文字的概括能力，如考查學(xué)生對文章主

2、旨大意的概括和準(zhǔn)確獲取關(guān)鍵詞的能力。同時，考查考生用簡潔的語言概括文章重要信息的能力以及對文章整體結(jié)構(gòu)的把握能力。 3.選材特點 (1)所需閱讀的短文詞數(shù)在350以內(nèi)； (2)所選材料體裁沒有限制，以說明文、議論文和記敘文為主。 4.題型特點 簡言之，概要寫作就是對所讀過的文章簡要概括，寫出文章的中心大意，也可稱之為摘要。寫概要時，讀者要把文章的具體信息用一些具有概括功能的詞和句表述出來，而不是抄襲文章的原句，更不是把細(xì)節(jié)性信息作為中心，而是要通過對文章中的單詞、詞組和句子進(jìn)行合理轉(zhuǎn)換，對文章的具體信息進(jìn)行概括，再用合適的語言表述出來。 因此，概要寫作基于閱讀理解和書面表達(dá)，是二者

3、的有機(jī)結(jié)合體，是閱讀理解和書面表達(dá)的溝通橋梁。 5.命題趨勢 自從2016年10月以來，浙江省在高考中2018年11月和2019年6月都考查了概要寫作，考慮到高考的延續(xù)性和穩(wěn)定性，不可忽視該題型。 (2019·浙江卷6月概要寫作) 閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。 Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids, says, “We've gone to the opposite e

4、xtreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict.” By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think they're building their children's confidence, when, in fact, it may be just the opposite. Too much praise can backfire and, when given in a way that's insincere, make kids afraid to try

5、new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents' praise has put them. Still, don't go too far in the other direction. Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much. Kids will feel like they're not good enough or that you don't care and,

6、as a result, may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments. So what is the right amount of praise? Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity. If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome, you can give it as often as your child does some

7、thing that deserves a verbal reward. “We should especially recognize our children's efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal，” says Donahue，author of Parenting Without Fear：Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters.“One thing to remember is that it's the process not t

8、he end product that matters.” Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if he's out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when sh

9、e has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or finish a book report. But whatever it is, praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate(相稱的) to the amount of effort your child has put into it. ________________________________________________________________________ _____

10、___________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ [范文欣賞] Nowadays, parents tend to offer considerate praise to their children, hoping to boost their confidence, but it may produce the opposite effect. Howev

11、er, no praise from parents also does harm to their self-confidence. Therefore, experts claim that sincere praise should be given for the process not for the result. Meanwhile, kids do deserve praise if they strive to do their duty. Anyway, the amount of praise you give depends on how hard they work.

12、 [名師點評] 本文的要點可以歸納如下：要點1，如今，父母總是給孩子們太多的贊揚(yáng)，希望增強(qiáng)他們的自信，但是這可能會產(chǎn)生相反的效果；要點2，然而，父母不表揚(yáng)他們的孩子同樣有損孩子的自信心；要點3，因此，專家認(rèn)為，父母應(yīng)該因為努力過程而贊揚(yáng)孩子，而不是因為事情的結(jié)果；要點4，同時，孩子如果做事盡職盡責(zé)，確實值得被贊揚(yáng)?？傊?，你能給的贊揚(yáng)程度應(yīng)取決于他們的努力程度。 一、文本解讀 1．細(xì)讀所給材料可知，文章以議論為主，主題是父母表揚(yáng)孩子過多或者過少都會帶來不良的影響，對孩子的表揚(yáng)應(yīng)著重于孩子努力的過程而非結(jié)果。 2．文章從表揚(yáng)過多、表揚(yáng)過少、表揚(yáng)的正確方式以及要根據(jù)實際情況進(jìn)行表揚(yáng)等方

13、面進(jìn)行了論述。 3．文章一共有4段，每一段就是一個意義段，因此確定需歸納的要點為4個。 二、剪枝存精 1．第一段第一句首先揭示現(xiàn)狀：父母到處表揚(yáng)孩子。第二句通過引用其他人的話對第一句傳達(dá)的信息表達(dá)了看法。第三句給出了作者的觀點：父母認(rèn)為給孩子很多表揚(yáng)能培養(yǎng)他們的自信心，但事實上可能事與愿違。第四句進(jìn)一步表明了作者的觀點：過多不誠懇的表揚(yáng)會讓孩子害怕自己不能與表揚(yáng)相匹配，從而不敢嘗試新事物。 2．第二段第一句強(qiáng)調(diào)不要走向另一個極端：表揚(yáng)過少。第二句指出表揚(yáng)太少和表揚(yáng)太多一樣會產(chǎn)生不良影響。第三句說明不良影響的具體表現(xiàn)。 3．第三段第一句首先提出疑問：多少表揚(yáng)才是合適的？然后陳述專家們的

14、觀點：表揚(yáng)的質(zhì)量比數(shù)量更重要。第三句對該觀點進(jìn)一步作出闡述：假如表揚(yáng)是真誠的，關(guān)注孩子的努力而不是結(jié)果，那么可以在孩子做了值得表揚(yáng)的事情的時候多表揚(yáng)。最后引用Donahue的話，強(qiáng)調(diào)努力的過程很重要。 4．第四段前兩句提出：你兒子也許不是籃球隊里面最好的運(yùn)動員，但是假如他每天打球很努力，那么不管他的球隊輸還是贏，你都應(yīng)該表揚(yáng)他的努力。第三句指出，表揚(yáng)努力的過程而不是結(jié)果也意味著當(dāng)他們努力清掃庭院、做飯或完成讀書報告時，你也要認(rèn)可他們。最后一句總結(jié)觀點：表揚(yáng)應(yīng)該視情況而定，與孩子付出的努力相稱。 三、歸納要點 各段的要點明確了，段落大意也已經(jīng)很清楚。通過同義轉(zhuǎn)述和句子結(jié)構(gòu)重組就可以用自己的

15、語言完成寫作。 四、修正定稿 初稿完成后，檢查4個要點是否齊全，各要點是否表述準(zhǔn)確，檢查是否有語法錯誤、拼寫錯誤及標(biāo)點符號錯誤等，最后檢查詞數(shù)是否符合要求。 [滿分作文] Contrary to the past, parents give too much praise to their kids. (要點1) However, praising them too much or too little can be damaging. (要點2) When giving praise, parents should be genuine and focus on the effort

16、 rather than the result. (要點3) They are supposed to give praise according to how much effort their kids have put into the work they chose to do. (要點4) 閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。 Mother's Day is the time to comfort your mom with your pure love for her and make her feel special for the fact that s

17、he shows you the light of this world. It is that day when you should hand over to her something very personal, something that is a product of your own labor. Take a look at these craft ideas provided here. Use these splendid craft-making tips to make awesome crafts designed for Mother's Day and gift

18、 them to your mom or even use them to decorate your home during the occasion. If you find these Mother's Day craft ideas useful for your purpose, click here and refer this page to your friends and dear ones. There is one more interesting section for all you kids out there on Mother's Day. Here is a

19、 collection of six images to color. Just click on any of the thumbnails(小圖), and you will get the full image in a new window. Then print that page, and start coloring! This is a grand way to say thanks to mothers and make them feel special. We have Mother's Day certificates that you can print out a

20、nd personalize. We even have a blank certificate so that you can fill in whatever you like. Just click on any certificate thumb, and it will open in a new window. Then print it out. It is more than an invitation card, and here you can be a designer! Design your own Mother's Day invitation card, and

21、 save the image to your device. You can also choose to send the link only by e-mail or messenger. Feel free to choose a given text, or add/edit your own text. Clicking/touching on the images will give you all the options. [參考范文] Mother's Day deserves your special expression of love for your mother

22、，and you can make some gifts for her by yourself.(要點1)You can download some images，print them and color them for your mom.(要點2)Besides，you can say thanks to your mother by printing out Mother's Day certificates from the website.(要點3)You can also design your own Mother's Day invitation card and show

23、your love by the given text or your own text.(要點4) Writing 1 閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。 In 1971, China's first subway line in Beijing was formally put into operation. By December 2017, there were 171 subway lines stretching over 5,083 km in 35 cities on the Chinese mainland. Currently, China ha

24、s the longest urban railway network in the world, which is predicted to surpass 6,000 km by 2020. The rapid development of China's urban railway system reflects the country's growing economic strength. The system has experienced the fastest growth over the past 15 years due to the investment of wea

25、lth accumulated from the reform and opening up in urban infrastructure construction. An urban railway system is expensive to build, with one kilometer of subway costing approximately 700 million yuan (about $110 million). A city without economic strength cannot develop such an expensive system. The

26、 progress in urban railway construction technologies has also contributed to the fast expansion of the infrastructure. Subway construction involves building underground tunnels, laying rails, manufacturing trains and the operation and management of subways. It is a systematic project which not onl

27、y covers traditional infrastructure building but also modern electronics and information technology. China's railway construction technologies are the best in the world, with Chinese subway trains now exported to developed countries including the United States. The expansion of Chinese cities has m

28、ade it necessary to develop urban railway systems. Since the start of the reform and opening up, a large number of people have migrated to cities and the number of private cars has increased dramatically, resulting in serious traffic congestion. Building subways has become an important way to solve

29、this problem. This year marks the 41st anniversary of the launch of China's reform and opening up, and the rapid development of China's urban railway system exemplifies the achievements made by the policy. As China furthers its opening up, it will continue to maintain steady and rapid economic grow

30、th and railway systems will be available in more and more cities. Writing 1 The past few decades has witnessed the fast development of Chinese urban railways both in number and length, which is a reflection of China's prosperous economy. (要點1) Actually, not only the growing construction technologi

31、es but also the expansion of Chinese cities with booming population and heavy traffic, stimulates the urban railway construction. (要點2) With the deepening of the reform and opening up policy, more urban railways will come into use. (要點3) Writing 2 閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。 If you're anythin

32、g like us, it seems that your stomach starts to grumble (隆隆響) as soon as McDonald's golden arches come into view. The reason behind that isn't the mouthwatering taste of their delicious fries－this is how they get them to taste so good by the way－it's actually psychological, and it has to do with the

33、 colors of their logo. The colors red and yellow were chosen for a specific reason－and no, it wasn't because they looked nice with Ronald McDonald's clown-like face. It actually has to do with science. The color red is stimulating and is associated with being active. It also increases heart rate, w

34、hich helps to jump-start your appetite. The color yellow is associated with happiness and is the most visible color in daylight, so that's why a McDonald's sign is so easy to spot on a crowded road. The brain processes color before it processes words or shapes, so that's why the fast-food chain cho

35、se these two colors for their logo and brand. Red and yellow make you hungry, encouraging you to want to buy the product they sell, while also making you feel happy. McDonald's has started to use this color philosophy to influence and change the way people currently think about their brand as well.

36、 Many franchises(授權(quán)經(jīng)銷商) in Europe have started to incorporate more of the color green into their storefronts and interior design because it's associated with nature and being environmentally friendly, something McDonald's has been criticized for not being in the past. The company has been working to

37、 become greener by using environmentally friendly refrigeration and converting used oil into biodiesel(生物柴油) fuel. So, next time you pass a McDonald's, don't be surprised if you find it really hard to resist going in and getting a burger and coke. Writing 2 The reason why people can't resist the

38、temptation of McDonald's is psychologically connected with colors of the logo. (要點1)Yellow and red are chosen to help increase people's appetite and make the store sign easy to spot. (要點2) Another reason is that the human brain processes color before words or shapes. (要點3) Nowadays McDonald's takes

39、advantage of the color philosophy to become more environmentally friendly by incorporating more green color into its store design. (要點4) Writing 3 閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。 According to a new study carried out by Brigham Young University undergrad student Alex Jensen and his mentor，Laura Walker，

40、there is a direct link between the use of video games by young adults and their poor relationships with parents and friends. The study and its results were published in the latest issues of the Journal of Youth and Adolescence. For their study，researchers gathered information from 813 college stude

41、nts throughout the country.They noticed that the more young adults played video games，the poorer the quality of their relationships with friends and family was. College students involved in the study had to report about the amount of time they spent playing video games. At the same time they were in

42、terviewed about the quality of their relationships with peers and parents. In particular, they answered about the amount of trust，support and friendliness they shared with their friends and parents. Still, the researchers mention that the connection they found is pretty modest，so playing video game

43、s does not mean the end of relationships.“The most striking part is that everything we found gathered around video game use is negative，”stated Walker. In addition，statistical analyses showed that the young adults who spent time playing video games were more likely to get involved in risky activitie

44、s such as drinking and drug abuse.Besides，those who played video games each day reported smoking pot(大麻)about twice as often as young adults who played video games occasionally and almost three times as often as youngsters who didn't play. Researchers also found that young women had lower self-este

45、em if they spent a lot of time playing video games.They also look forward to analyzing the impact of video games on young couples. Writing 3 A new study finds a direct link between young adults' playing video games and their poor relationships with parents and friends. (要點1)813 college students we

46、re interviewed about these two factors.(要點2) The young adults who spent time playing video games were more likely to take part in risky activities. (要點3) Young women had lower self-esteem if they spent a lot of time playing video games.(要點4) Writing 4 閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。 There's a fine lin

47、e between arrogance (自負(fù)) and confidence in the workplace. There are many websites which help us to find out how to stay on the right side. Why do some people appear confident and capable, while others seem arrogant? And how can you make sure you're the former, rather than the latter, especially when

48、 you are letting interviewers and employers know about your abilities? The key is confidence. What's the difference between arrogance and confidence in the workplace? Arrogance is very off-putting for other people. It's where people feel that they are superior and they always know best. Workplace c

49、onfidence is very different as it's about having faith in yourself without assuming that yours is the only way or that you're the best. Confident people will know what they can do, but won't rub other people's noses in it. If they need a bit of help with something, it won't cause fear of getting fir

50、ed because everyone is not perfect and that's OK. Confidence in the workplace is much calmer and nicer to be around. Not feeling confident in the workplace or during a job interview can cause arrogant behavior, as insecurity can motivate people to prove they're better than everyone around them. Ge

51、nerally speaking, feeling confident in the workplace is a good safety barrier against arrogance. If you feel happy and competent, you're unlikely to enjoy feeling superior to others. People who are confident in their abilities and knowledge will engage on the audience's agenda(日程安排), not their own.

52、They will spend twice as much time listening and responding to the audience's agenda and building on it, rather than telling people how competent they are. The way to show people your capabilities is to actively listen to them and get on their wavelength. Only then should you talk about your own kno

53、wledge and capabilities. Writing 4 In the workplace, the key to being confident and capable rather than arrogant is confidence.(要點1) Different from arrogance, confidence in the workplace means having faith in yourself without thinking too highly of yourself.(要點2) However, not feeling confident may

54、 make people arrogant. (要點3) Finally, if you feel confident, you're unlikely to enjoy feeling superior to others.(要點4) Writing 5 閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。 Over the past few years，scientists have been researching and designing cars that can actually drive themselves.Driverless cars are safe becau

55、se they provide safety for the people in them while they are driving anywhere.These self-driving cars are safe for the people in them.The car will stop for a weed that can be huge because the car can break for an animal even though no one is going to stop for a bird on the road.I believe that the dr

56、iverless car is a great idea. The people in them can be doing whatever they like and they will get home safely because the car won't be drunk. The accidents the driverless cars have been in were human-caused accidents.People should not have to check their phones until they stop driving completely.

57、They can pull off the road and make a phone call if it is needed in an emergency. Inside the self-driving cars you will be able to text and call and not have to pay attention. There is no possible way to stop people from using their phones while they're driving because they have done if for so long，

58、but they don't know that anything can happen to anyone at any given time. The driverless cars have a hard time handling traffic signals and do really poorly in bad weather conditions. The cars have sensors on one side to stay in the lane，but with rain and snow on the road，things will be really toug

59、h because sometimes no one clears the road. The cars won't be texting people or making phone calls，but they can keep people safe on the road.They won't have the problem of hitting any animals or anything on the road. Therefore, I think the driverless car is a great invention and will bring the deat

60、h rate from driving down a lot to zero. Writing 5 Driverless cars are safe because they provide safety for the people in them. (要點1) In the driverless car, you can text and call and not have to pay any attention.(要點2) However, the driverless cars have difficulty handling traffic signals and do rea

61、lly poorly in bad weather conditions.(要點3) Despite the disadvantages, the driverless car is a great invention and will greatly reduce the death rate from driving.(要點4) Writing 6 閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。 Children are amazing. Each one is so different and they all surprise you. Sometimes it takes

62、 a bit of trial and error to get them going. This boy I visited this morning was so shy, and he wouldn't say a word. That's my job as a home visitor－to model ways that parents can use to unlock their children's potential and get them ready for learning. Originally from the US, the Parent Child Home

63、 Program (PCHP) at NCI helps parents engage in their children's early learning and supports them in preparing their children for school. The home visitors, all local people, act as ambassadors for education in the community. There are currently 75 families in the PCHP program in Dublin's Docklands.

64、 Every Monday morning I meet with the other 17 home visitors working in Docklands and we compare notes. We all arrive in the blue uniforms that have become so recognizable in this part of the city. In fact, we have people come up to us now in streets as we make our daily rounds asking if we would co

65、me to their houses and help their children or someone they know. Twice a week I go to each of nine houses and the three of us－mother, child and me－sit down on the floor and play. Sometimes it's a dad or a grandparent, but the child is always at the center. Our job is to give parents ideas on how to

66、 play with their children in ways that will develop their learning, language skills and imagination. We let the children take the lead. All teachers of small kids will tell you that they can spot the ones whose parents read to them and play with them at home. We're helping families in this area who need a bit of confidence to get going. Writing 6 I work as a home visitor to model ways to unlock children's potential and get them ready for learning.(要點1) The home visitors of the PCHP are all loc