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1、PRE-LISTENING Isaac Newton 16421727 英國物理學(xué)家英國物理學(xué)家 經(jīng)典物理學(xué)理論體系的建立者經(jīng)典物理學(xué)理論體系的建立者 1665年創(chuàng)立微分；年創(chuàng)立微分；1666年開始研究積分。年開始研究積分。1666年年, 開始想到研究重力開始想到研究重力(gravity)問題，問題，蘋果落地的傳說，也是在此時發(fā)生的軼蘋果落地的傳說，也是在此時發(fā)生的軼事。其一生的重大科學(xué)思想是在這兩年事。其一生的重大科學(xué)思想是在這兩年期間（期間（22至至23歲）歲形成的。歲）歲形成的。1669年，年，把把自然哲學(xué)的數(shù)學(xué)原理自然哲學(xué)的數(shù)學(xué)原理，宇宙體宇宙體系系等手稿送到劍橋大學(xué)圖書館收藏。等手稿

2、送到劍橋大學(xué)圖書館收藏。晚年研究宗教。晚年研究宗教。ALBERT EINSTEIN (18791955) 質(zhì)量質(zhì)量(m)和能量和能量(E)的相當(dāng)性：的相當(dāng)性：Emc2 愛因斯坦愛因斯坦在量子論、分子運動論、相在量子論、分子運動論、相對論對論(Theory of Relativity)等物理學(xué)的三等物理學(xué)的三個不同領(lǐng)域取得了歷史性成就，特別是個不同領(lǐng)域取得了歷史性成就，特別是狹義相對論的建立和光量子論的提出，狹義相對論的建立和光量子論的提出，推動了物理學(xué)理論的革命，他對社會進(jìn)推動了物理學(xué)理論的革命，他對社會進(jìn)步事業(yè)也有重要貢獻(xiàn)。步事業(yè)也有重要貢獻(xiàn)?；艚鸹艚?born in 1942 斯蒂芬斯蒂芬

3、藿金藿金是當(dāng)今科學(xué)界的一位傳是當(dāng)今科學(xué)界的一位傳奇性人物。這不僅僅因為他是一位被奇性人物。這不僅僅因為他是一位被譽為繼愛因斯坦后最著名的科學(xué)思想譽為繼愛因斯坦后最著名的科學(xué)思想家和最杰出的理論物理學(xué)家，還在于家和最杰出的理論物理學(xué)家，還在于他是在常人無法想象的身體狀況下進(jìn)他是在常人無法想象的身體狀況下進(jìn)行研究和創(chuàng)造性工作的。行研究和創(chuàng)造性工作的。black hole 黑洞黑洞 黑洞黑洞并非只是吞噬物質(zhì)。除了會并非只是吞噬物質(zhì)。除了會在星系形成的過程中扮演重要角色外，在星系形成的過程中扮演重要角色外，在經(jīng)過一段相當(dāng)漫長的時間后，黑洞在經(jīng)過一段相當(dāng)漫長的時間后，黑洞也會把一些曾被它吸入的物質(zhì)信息向

4、也會把一些曾被它吸入的物質(zhì)信息向外界釋放出來。外界釋放出來。Now were going to listen to a talk about the theories of gravity. Listen carefully and try to get the main idea of it.Listening Summary B is correct because it gives a clear idea of what the listening passage is about. Summary A is not true. The three scientists wanted

5、to explain how the universe worked and not how it began. Summary C is too general and does not give enough detail about what the listening passage is about.Choose the best summary.Listen to Part 1 again and fill in the first column of the chart.Isaac NewtonAlbert EinsteinStephen HawkingIdea Large bo

6、dies have a force which pulls things towards themIn space large objects make space and time bend; the larger the object, the further space and time bendsBlack holes have a very large mass and pull things towards them towards their edge.Isaac NewtonAlbert EinsteinStephen HawkingDevelopment The bigger

7、 the object the stronger the gravity.Time goes slower in very strong gravity.If you go over the edge, you cannot get out; but if you do not, you may be able to escape.spacewalkLook at the pictures! READ AND THEN DESCRIBE THE THREE WAYS IN WHICH GRAVITY CHANGED FOR LI YANPING AND HOW HIS WEIGHT CHANG

8、ED.1. The pull of gravity became very strong she left the earths atmosphere. His weight is normal.2. It disappeared when he was in space. He is weightless.3. It was very light when he was on the moon. He weighs less than on earth.1. Last month I was lucky enough to have a chance to make a trip into

9、space with my friend Li Yanping, an astronomer. 上個月我有幸得到一個機會同我的朋友上個月我有幸得到一個機會同我的朋友, 一位宇航員李彥平一道去太空旅行。一位宇航員李彥平一道去太空旅行。Language points enough 的用法的用法: 1) 用作代詞：作主語或賓語。用作代詞：作主語或賓語。 You have done more than enough. 你已做得夠多了。你已做得夠多了。 I have had enough. Thank you. 我吃的已經(jīng)夠多的了，謝謝。我吃的已經(jīng)夠多的了，謝謝。2) 形容詞作定語：形容詞作定語：eno

10、ugh用在名詞前、用在名詞前、后都可以。后都可以。 I have enough time to do the work. / I have time enough to do the work. 我有足夠的時間做此項工作。我有足夠的時間做此項工作。3) 用作副詞修飾形容詞或副詞表示程度用作副詞修飾形容詞或副詞表示程度: enough 一般放在形容詞或副詞的后邊。一般放在形容詞或副詞的后邊。 long enough, easy enough, fast enough, quickly enough 等。等。 但一般不說：但一般不說：enough long, enough easy, enough

11、 fast, enough quickly. The boy is old enough to go to school. 這孩子到上學(xué)的年齡了。這孩子到上學(xué)的年齡了。 He couldnt run quickly enough to catch up with the cat. 他跑的速度太慢，追不上貓。他跑的速度太慢，追不上貓。4) 用作副詞修飾動詞時也需放在動詞用作副詞修飾動詞時也需放在動詞之后。之后。 The meat is not cooked enough. 肉燉得不夠熟。肉燉得不夠熟。 If I had _ _ (足夠長的假期足夠長的假期), Id visit Europe, s

12、topping at all the small interesting places.a long enough holiday / anenough long holiday 2. Then we were off. 隨后我們就啟程了。隨后我們就啟程了。 be off = set off 出發(fā)；動身出發(fā)；動身 I am off today. 我今天不用上班。我今天不用上班。 We are off today. 今天我們不上班今天我們不上班/今天我們不開張。今天我們不開張。 set . off 送送行行 kick off 踢球踢球 jump off 跳下跳下 give off 散發(fā)散發(fā) sh

13、ow off 炫耀炫耀shut off 關(guān)閉關(guān)閉get off 下車下車take off 脫下脫下turn off 關(guān)閉關(guān)閉pay off 付清；還清付清；還清與與 off 相關(guān)的短語相關(guān)的短語:3. When we get closer to the moon, we shall feel its gravity pulling us, but it will not be as strong a pull as the earths. 當(dāng)我們更接近月球時當(dāng)我們更接近月球時, 就會感到月球的引就會感到月球的引力在拉我們。但是力在拉我們。但是, 月球的引力不像地球月球的引力不像地球的引力那么大

14、。的引力那么大。 get close to 靠近，接近，指動態(tài)變化靠近，接近，指動態(tài)變化 be close to 距距.近，指狀態(tài)近，指狀態(tài) The school is close to the post office.與與 get 相關(guān)的短語相關(guān)的短語:get along 相處融洽，進(jìn)展等相處融洽，進(jìn)展等get down to 開始認(rèn)真對待，開始認(rèn)真開始認(rèn)真對待，開始認(rèn)真 考慮考慮get on 上車上車get through 到達(dá)；通過；辦完，花光到達(dá)；通過；辦完，花光 (錢、時間等錢、時間等)get to 到達(dá)到達(dá)1. Dont talk too much. Lets _working.2

15、. Hurry up, or well be late to _ the bus.get down toget on get down to get on get toget through get over get up 3. Its easy to _ the difficulty.4. I have _ a lot of papers.5. She managed to _ the village.get overgot throughget to4. But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far

16、 as on the earth and fell over. 1) “A + be + 倍數(shù)倍數(shù) + as + 形容詞原級形容詞原級 + as + B” This tree is three times as tall as that one. His father is twice as old as he.2) “A + be + 倍數(shù)倍數(shù) + 形容詞比較級形容詞比較級 + than + B ” The Yangtze River is almost twice longer than the Pearl River. 長江差不多比珠江長兩倍。長江差不多比珠江長兩倍。 The numbe

17、r of students in our school is three times larger than that in theirs. 我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生數(shù)量比他們學(xué)校的多我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生數(shù)量比他們學(xué)校的多三倍。三倍。3) “A + be + 倍數(shù)倍數(shù) + the + 名詞名詞 (size, length, amount) + of + B” The newly broadened square is four times the size of the previous one. 新擴(kuò)建的廣場是未擴(kuò)建時的四倍大。新擴(kuò)建的廣場是未擴(kuò)建時的四倍大。 Do you regret _ (pay) 1

18、00 dollars for the painting? No, I would gladly have paid _ (兩倍那么多了兩倍那么多了) for it.payingtwice as much講解講解: regret 后跟動名詞的一般式、完后跟動名詞的一般式、完成式和不定式的完成式都表示對過去成式和不定式的完成式都表示對過去做過的事情感到后悔，跟不定式一般做過的事情感到后悔，跟不定式一般式表示對即將做的事情感到遺憾，常式表示對即將做的事情感到遺憾，常用來表達(dá)委婉。用來表達(dá)委婉。twice as much 為倍數(shù)為倍數(shù)的表達(dá)法，在這里為省略形式，相當(dāng)?shù)谋磉_(dá)法，在這里為省略形式，相當(dāng)于于

19、 twice as much as that。5. . “walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.” .既然引力改變了，走路也的確需要既然引力改變了，走路也的確需要練一練了。練一練了。 now that 同同 since 相似，語氣較弱，相似，語氣較弱，強調(diào)人們已知的事實。強調(diào)人們已知的事實。 Translation:1. 既然你忙既然你忙, 就讓我給你做吧。就讓我給你做吧。Now that you are busy, let me do it for you.2. 既然人都齊了既然人都齊了, 咱們開始干

20、吧。咱們開始干吧。Now that everyone is here lets start work.6. We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earths gravity increased. break out 它與它與 happen, take place, come out 等等詞的用法一樣，是不及物動詞，不能詞的用法一樣，是不及物動詞，不能帶賓語，不能用于被動語態(tài)。帶賓語，不能用于被動語態(tài)。1) 戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā) The American Civil War broke

21、 out in 1861. 美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)于美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)于1861年。年。2) 發(fā)生爭吵發(fā)生爭吵 A quarrel broke out between them. 他們之間發(fā)生了爭吵。他們之間發(fā)生了爭吵。3) (火災(zāi)火災(zāi))發(fā)生發(fā)生 A fire broke out in his house last night. 昨晚他家里失火了。昨晚他家里失火了?？键c考點 break out 通常指戰(zhàn)爭、疾病、災(zāi)害等通常指戰(zhàn)爭、疾病、災(zāi)害等的爆發(fā)。不及物動詞短語，不能用于的爆發(fā)。不及物動詞短語，不能用于被動語態(tài)。被動語態(tài)。I was still sleeping when the fire _, and t

22、hen it spread quickly.A. broke out B. put outC. came out D. got out點撥點撥 put out 撲滅；撲滅；come out出來出來, 出出版；版；get out（使）出來。由（使）出來。由it spread quickly（火迅速蔓延）可知選（火迅速蔓延）可知選A。 break down 打破打破; 毀掉毀掉; 破除破除; 坍塌坍塌; 壞掉壞掉 break in 破門而入破門而入; 打斷打斷break away from 脫離脫離; 打破陳規(guī)打破陳規(guī)與與 break 相關(guān)的短語相關(guān)的短語:break through 突圍突圍;

23、突破突破; 沖垮沖垮; 克服克服break up 打碎打碎; 拆散拆散; 分裂分裂; 分解分解break ones word / promise食言食言; 說話不算數(shù)說話不算數(shù)I. 選用方框內(nèi)合適的詞或短語，并用其適選用方框內(nèi)合適的詞或短語，并用其適當(dāng)形式填空。當(dāng)形式填空。(其中有一個多余選項其中有一個多余選項) 1. There was a _ of people around the club entrance.2. You ought to have a good rest _ youve finished the work. massnow thatfloat now that mas

24、s pullget the hang of watch out3. She spent the afternoon _ on her back in the pool.4. It seems difficult at first, but youll soon _ it.5. You have to _ because there are land-mines all over the place.watch outfloatingget the hang of float now that mass pullget the hang of watch outII. 根據(jù)括號內(nèi)的提示翻譯下列句

25、子。根據(jù)括號內(nèi)的提示翻譯下列句子。 1. 老師幽默的講話讓我們很振奮老師幽默的講話讓我們很振奮, 之后班之后班里的氣氛也輕松起來。里的氣氛也輕松起來。(atmosphere; cheer up)The atmosphere in the classroom relaxed after the teachers humorous talk cheered us up. 3. 讓我們十分失望的是讓我們十分失望的是, 戰(zhàn)爭最終在那兩戰(zhàn)爭最終在那兩個國家之間爆發(fā)了。個國家之間爆發(fā)了。(to ones disappointment; break out) Now that we have finishe

26、d the design, the company will do the construction in its turn.2. 既然我們已經(jīng)完成了設(shè)計既然我們已經(jīng)完成了設(shè)計, 就該由公司就該由公司來進(jìn)行建設(shè)了。來進(jìn)行建設(shè)了。(now that; in ones turn) To our great disappointment, a war broke out between the two countries at last. 6. 我感覺風(fēng)從一扇敞開的窗子里正往我我感覺風(fēng)從一扇敞開的窗子里正往我臉上吹。臉上吹。(feel . doing)5. 這個小女孩看見他偷了那本書這個小女孩看見他偷了那本書, 這件事這件事是真的。是真的。(watch . do)Its true that the girl watched him steal that book. I felt the wind blowing on my face from an open window.HOMEWORK Collect passages about gravity.Prepare for speaking.