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1、十四、直接引語和間接引語十四、直接引語和間接引語( (一一) )定義：定義：直接引述別人的話直接引述別人的話, 叫直接引語。被引用的部分放在引號里；叫直接引語。被引用的部分放在引號里；用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，叫間接引語，間接引語不用引用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，叫間接引語，間接引語不用引號，在多數(shù)情況下以賓語從句的形式出現(xiàn)。號，在多數(shù)情況下以賓語從句的形式出現(xiàn)。（二）直接引語和間接引語的變化規(guī)則（二）直接引語和間接引語的變化規(guī)則1.人稱變化：人稱變化：“一隨主一隨主, 二隨賓二隨賓, 第三人稱不更新第三人稱不更新”。“一隨主一隨主”是指在直接引語變間接引語時，如果從句中的主是指在直接引語變間接引語

2、時，如果從句中的主語是第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾，從句中的人稱要按照主語是第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾，從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語的人稱變化。例如：句中主語的人稱變化。例如： She said, “My brother wants to go with me. ”She said her brother wanted to go with her. “二隨賓二隨賓”是指直接引語變間接引語時，若從句中的主語及是指直接引語變間接引語時，若從句中的主語及賓語是第二人稱，或被第二人稱所修飾，從句中的人稱要跟賓語是第二人稱，或被第二人稱所修飾，從句中的人稱要跟引號外的主句的賓語一致。如果引號外的主句沒有

3、賓語，也引號外的主句的賓語一致。如果引號外的主句沒有賓語，也可以用第一人稱?？梢杂玫谝蝗朔Q。例如：例如： He said to Kate， “How is your sister now?” He asked Kate how her sister was then?！暗谌朔Q不更新第三人稱不更新”是指直接引語變間接引語時，如果從是指直接引語變間接引語時，如果從句句中的主語及賓語是第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾，從句中中的主語及賓語是第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾，從句中的人稱一般不需要變化。例如：的人稱一般不需要變化。例如： Mr. Smith said ，“Jack is a good worke

4、r。”Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker。2.時態(tài)變化時態(tài)變化直接引語在改為間接引語時、時態(tài)需要做相應(yīng)的調(diào)整?，F(xiàn)直接引語在改為間接引語時、時態(tài)需要做相應(yīng)的調(diào)整?，F(xiàn)在時態(tài)需改為過去時態(tài)；過去時態(tài)改為完成時；過去完成在時態(tài)需改為過去時態(tài)；過去時態(tài)改為完成時；過去完成時則保留原來的時態(tài)。例如：時則保留原來的時態(tài)。例如： She said, “I have lost a pen.” She said she had lost a pen. She said, “We hope so.” She said they hoped so. She said, “He

5、will go to see his friend.”She said he would go to see his friend.但要注意直接引語是客觀真理時，時態(tài)一般不變化。但要注意直接引語是客觀真理時，時態(tài)一般不變化。 “The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth,” the teacher told me. The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth.3.連接詞連接詞(

6、1)直接引語是陳述句直接引語是陳述句, 變成間接引語時變成間接引語時, 由連詞由連詞that 引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo), that 可以省略。可以省略。She said, “I am very happy to help you.”She said that she was very happy to help me.(2) 直接引語是一般疑問句，變成間接引語時，由連詞直接引語是一般疑問句，變成間接引語時，由連詞whether或或if 引導(dǎo)。引導(dǎo)。He asked me, “Do you like playing football?”He asked me if/whether I liked playing

7、 football.注意：大多數(shù)情況下，注意：大多數(shù)情況下，if和和whether 可以互換，但后有可以互換，但后有or not,或在動詞不定式前，或放在介詞后作連接詞時，一般只用或在動詞不定式前，或放在介詞后作連接詞時，一般只用whether。She asked me whether he could do it or not.He hesitated about whether to drive or take the train.(3) 直接引語是特殊疑問句，變成間接引語時，由相應(yīng)的疑問直接引語是特殊疑問句，變成間接引語時，由相應(yīng)的疑問詞詞who, whom, whose, how, w

8、hen, why, where 等引導(dǎo)。等引導(dǎo)。My sister asked me, “How do you like the film?”My sister asked me how I liked the film.(4) 直接引語是祈使句，變成間接引語時，把動詞原形變成直接引語是祈使句，變成間接引語時，把動詞原形變成動詞不定式，并在動詞不定式前加動詞不定式，并在動詞不定式前加tell, ask, order 等的賓語。等的賓語。The captain ordered, “Be quiet.” The captain ordered us to be quiet.注意：此種情況的否定句，

9、在動詞不定式前加注意：此種情況的否定句，在動詞不定式前加not。My teacher said to me, “Dont laugh.” My teacher asked me not to laugh.4.語序的變化語序的變化間接引語一般要用陳述句的語序，即主、謂、賓的順序。間接引語一般要用陳述句的語序，即主、謂、賓的順序。He asked Lucy, “Where did you go?” He asked Lucy where she went.Tom said, “What do you want, Ann?” Tom asked Ann what she wanted.模擬演練模擬演

10、練把下面的直接引語改為間接引語把下面的直接引語改為間接引語1. The reporter asked the girl, “Do you like your volunteer work on weekends?” The reporter asked the girl _ she _ her volunteer work on weekends. 2. “Why do you stay at home?” my father asked. My father asked _ I _ at home.3. The woman teacher asked the students ，“ Can

11、you understand what I am saying?” The woman teacher asked the students _ _ could understand what she was saying.4. “Are there any new markets in Asia? ” the sales manager asked.The sales manager asked _ there _ any new markets in Asia.5. “Will you please open the window?” she said to him. She _ him

12、_ open the window. 答案：答案：1. if; liked 2. why; stayed 3. if/whether they 4. if; were 5. asked; to 6. “Are you interested in this?” he said.He _ _ I was interested in _.7. “I bought the house 10 years ago.” he said.He said that he _ bought the house 10 years _.8. “Did you see her last week?” he said.H

13、e _ _ I had seen her the week _.9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”He _ Jim that he _ sit there.10. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?”He asked her mother _ _ _ found it.答案：答案：6. asked if /whether； that 7. had；before 8. asked if /whether； before 9. told； could 10. how she had 11. “Where have y

14、ou been these days?” he asked.He asked me _ _ _been _ days. 12. “Do you know where she lives?” he asked.He asked _ _ knew where she _.13. “Stop making so much noise, children.” he said. He _ the children _ _ making so much noise. 14. “Dont tell him the news.” she said.She told me _ _ _ him the news. 答案：答案：11. where I had；those 12. if /whether I； lived 13. told； to stop 14. not to tell