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1、1231. and leaves a person defenceless against infections and illnesses.(SB U7)使人喪失對(duì)感染及疾病的抵抗力。leave vt. 讓處于某種狀態(tài)4leave+賓語(yǔ)+(賓補(bǔ))過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞不定式形容詞介詞短語(yǔ) Please excuse me if I _(對(duì)你的任何問(wèn)題都沒(méi)有回答)Extremely angry, Mum walked away and _(留下我一人坐在那兒). I _(讓門開(kāi)著)when I leave in case he comes back.It should be better t

2、o _(讓他自個(gè)兒做). 6【答案】(have) left any of your questions unansweredleft me sitting there all by myselfwill leave the door openleave him to do it himself72. Learning about first aid is the best way to make sure that we will not have to feel that we could have done more.(SB U8)學(xué)習(xí)急救是保證遇到此類事情不留遺憾的最佳途徑。8could

3、 have done 的用法：（1）用于肯定句、否定句或疑問(wèn)句中，對(duì)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作進(jìn)行可能性推測(cè)，也可用can have done。用于肯定句中相當(dāng)于may/might have done。例如：He can/could have left earlier. (can/could have left相當(dāng)于may/might have left)他可能早離開(kāi)了。9Surely she can/could not have arrived so early.他不可能到這么早。Can/Could he have left already?他可能已經(jīng)離開(kāi)了嗎？10（2）用于肯定句中表示過(guò)去本來(lái)能夠做而未做

4、。例如：You could have caught the early train. (事實(shí)上沒(méi)搭上) 你本應(yīng)該搭上早班車。 _(那會(huì)是舒適的旅行嗎) since there were 6 people in the little car? I _(本可以更加用功些的), but as a matter of fact, I have wasted too much time. 【答案】Can that have been a comfortable journeycan have studied harder12課文原句高考對(duì)照課文原句高考對(duì)照課文原句高考對(duì)照課文原句高考對(duì)照 Xiaohua

5、 has learnt to live with HIV and the fact that she will one day develop AIDS. 小華已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了小華已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了帶著帶著HIVHIV病毒生活，病毒生活，并將會(huì)變成艾滋病。并將會(huì)變成艾滋病。 In modern times, people have to learn to _ all kinds of pressure although they are leading a comfortable life.(2008湖北卷湖北卷)A. keep with B. stay withC. meet with D. live w

6、ith解析：選解析：選D D。句意：在現(xiàn)代，盡管人們過(guò)著一。句意：在現(xiàn)代，盡管人們過(guò)著一種舒適的生活，但他們必須學(xué)會(huì)忍受各種壓力種舒適的生活，但他們必須學(xué)會(huì)忍受各種壓力。 13課文原句高考對(duì)課文原句高考對(duì)照照課文原句高考對(duì)照課文原句高考對(duì)照 Two years have passed since that day in Dr Richards office and my life has not yet ended. 自從那天在理自從那天在理查德斯醫(yī)生的辦查德斯醫(yī)生的辦公室后，兩年過(guò)公室后，兩年過(guò)去了，我的生命去了，我的生命并沒(méi)有結(jié)束。并沒(méi)有結(jié)束。 His sister left home i

7、n 1998, and _ since.(2009全國(guó)卷全國(guó)卷)A. had not been heard of B. has not been heard ofC. had not heard of D. has not heard of解析：選解析：選B。句意：他妹妹于。句意：他妹妹于1998離家，打那以離家，打那以后，就杳無(wú)音信了。在后，就杳無(wú)音信了。在“課文原句課文原句”中中since用用作介詞；在作介詞；在“高考對(duì)照高考對(duì)照”中中since用作副詞用作副詞。 14課文原句高考對(duì)照課文原句高考對(duì)照課文原句高考對(duì)照課文原句高考對(duì)照 Many hospitals recommend tha

8、t we use the letters DR ABC to remember what to do when we have to think fast.許多醫(yī)院推薦我們?cè)S多醫(yī)院推薦我們使用使用“急救五步走急救五步走”去記住當(dāng)我們遇到去記住當(dāng)我們遇到緊急狀況時(shí)要干什緊急狀況時(shí)要干什么。么。 The doctor recommended that you _ swim after eating a large meal.(2009浙江卷浙江卷)A. wouldnt B. couldntC. neednt D. shouldnt解析：選解析：選D。句意：醫(yī)生建議你在飽餐一頓后。句意：醫(yī)生建議你在

9、飽餐一頓后，不應(yīng)該去游泳。，不應(yīng)該去游泳。recommend可以用作及物動(dòng)可以用作及物動(dòng)詞，表示詞，表示“勸告，建議勸告，建議”；當(dāng)其后接賓語(yǔ)從句；當(dāng)其后接賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形”。在。在“課課文原句文原句”中，從句中的中，從句中的should省去了。省去了。 151.由關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句；2.由介詞關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句；3.通過(guò)關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞來(lái)考查定語(yǔ)從句、 狀語(yǔ)從句、名詞性從句的區(qū)別。定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句16在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞必須放在先行詞

10、之后，從句之首，起聯(lián)系作用，同時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)成分。17關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞that, which, who, whom, whosethat, which, who, whom, whose引引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1.that指人或物，在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。如：The train that was going to Shanghai was late. (that指代物the train，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，不能省略)去往上海的那趟列車晚點(diǎn)了。18The man (that) you saw just now is our teacher.（that指代人the man，在從句中作

11、賓語(yǔ)，可省略）你剛剛看到的那個(gè)人是我們的老師。192.which指物，在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略，可和that換用。如：The train which/that was going to Shanghai was late. (which指代物the train，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，不能省略)The book (which/that) you want is on the desk.（which指代物the book, 在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，可省略）你想要的那本書(shū)在桌子上。20下面幾種情況不能用which，而要用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句：（1）先行詞為all, much, little, few,

12、 something, anything, everything, nothing等時(shí)。如：All that can be done has been done.能做的都做了。21（2）先行詞被all, any, every, few, little, no, some等修飾時(shí)。如：I have read all the books (that) you gave me.我已讀完了你給我的所有的書(shū)。22（3）先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。如：This is one of the best films (that) I have ever seen.這是我看過(guò)的最好的電影之一。23（4）

13、先行詞被the only, the very, the last修飾時(shí)。如：This is the very book (that) I am after.這正是我要找的書(shū)。24（5）先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。如：He spoke of the men and the things (that) he had seen abroad.他談到他在國(guó)外見(jiàn)到的人和事。253.who, whom指人，在從句中分別作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)，可和that換用。whom作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)也可用who替代，也可省略。如：The boy who/that helped you is my classmate.（who指the boy,

14、在從句中作主語(yǔ)，不能省略）幫助你的男孩是我的同學(xué)。26The man (whom/who/that) you saw just now is our teacher.你剛才見(jiàn)到的那個(gè)人是我們的老師。274.whose指人或物，在從句中作定語(yǔ)。當(dāng)修飾物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于“名詞+of which”。如：Here is the girl whose mother works in this shop.就是那個(gè)母親在這家商店工作的女孩。28He lives in a room whose window (=the window of which) faces south.他住在窗戶朝南的那個(gè)房間里。291.關(guān)

15、系代詞which, whom在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以跟介詞一起放在主句和從句之間，這時(shí)不用that；也可以把介詞放在從句中有關(guān)動(dòng)詞的后面，這時(shí)也可用that代替which或whom，也可省略。如：“介詞關(guān)系代詞介詞關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句30This is the room in which we lived last year.或This is the room (which/that) we lives in last year.這是我們?nèi)ツ曜〉姆块g。Whos the man to whom you talked just now?或 Whos the man (wh

16、om/that) you talked to just now?剛才和你談話的那個(gè)人是誰(shuí)？312.“介詞關(guān)系代詞”中介詞的選擇根據(jù)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的搭配習(xí)慣。如：This is the book about which I often talk. = This is the book of which I often speak.這是我經(jīng)常談到的那本書(shū)。32根據(jù)先行詞的搭配習(xí)慣。如：I remember the day on which I first met him.我還記得我第一次見(jiàn)到他的那天。I remember the days during which I lived there.我還

17、記得我住在那兒的那些日子。33同時(shí)考慮動(dòng)詞和介詞的搭配關(guān)系及介詞和名詞的搭配關(guān)系。如：He made a hole in the wall, through which he could see what was happening inside the house.他在墻上弄了個(gè)洞，通過(guò)這個(gè)洞他能看到房子里正發(fā)生的一切。34關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞when, where, why引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1.when指時(shí)間，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，可用“介詞（on, in, at, during等）關(guān)系代詞”代替。如：Ill never forget the day when (=on which)

18、I joined the League.我永遠(yuǎn)都忘不了我入團(tuán)的那一天。352.where指地點(diǎn)，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，可用“介詞（in, at等）關(guān)系代詞”代替。如：This is the factory where (=in which) we stayed last year.這就是我們?nèi)ツ甏墓S。363.why指原因，在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，可用“介詞for關(guān)系代詞”代替。如：I dont know the reason why (=for which) he came late.我不知道他遲到的原因。37注意：注意：當(dāng)先行詞為表時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)的詞時(shí)，有時(shí)不用when, where，而用whic

19、h或that。試比較：（1）This is the factory (which/that) we visited last year. 這是我們?nèi)ツ陞⒂^的工廠。（2）This is the school where we studied last year.這是我們?nèi)ツ晟线^(guò)學(xué)的學(xué)校。38要正確把握關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的區(qū)別，關(guān)鍵是看引導(dǎo)詞在定語(yǔ)從句中所起的作用，特別是要注意定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)。如（1）中動(dòng)詞visit是及物動(dòng)詞，由此判斷引導(dǎo)詞作賓語(yǔ)；（2）中stay為不及物動(dòng)詞，由此判斷引導(dǎo)詞作狀語(yǔ)。39the way后的定語(yǔ)從句后的定語(yǔ)從句以the way為先行詞的限制性定語(yǔ)從句一般由

20、that或in which引導(dǎo)，通常還可以省略。如：I dont like the way (that/in which) you laugh at her.我不喜歡你笑話她的那種方式。401.限制性定語(yǔ)從句和主句關(guān)系密切，去掉從句，主句意義不完整，甚至不合邏輯。如：I was the only person in our office who was invited.（去掉定語(yǔ)從句，主句意思不完整）我是辦公室里唯一被邀請(qǐng)的人。限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句412.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞關(guān)系不密切，去掉定語(yǔ)從句，句子意思仍然完整。形式上用逗號(hào)把從句和主句隔開(kāi)。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句不能用that引導(dǎo)。如：Toms father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.湯姆的父親，60多歲了，現(xiàn)在仍然夜以繼日地工作。42Tom studies hard and is ready to help others, which his parents expected.湯姆努力學(xué)習(xí)而且總是樂(lè)于助人，這點(diǎn)是他父母所希望的。