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1、PK中考中考 英語湖南英語湖南語法專題十四 主謂一致和特殊句式中考名題體驗1.(2016年郴州)Look！A woman with three children crossing the street. Lets help them. A. is B. are C. was 2.（2016年常德）Fifty yuan enough. A.is B. am C. are AA3.（2016年邵陽)One of my friends moved to America.I miss her so much.A.has B.have C.are4.（2016年永州）Neither Li Hua Nor

2、 I good at writing A.am B.is C.are 5.(2016年張家界)Playing computer games too much bad for students health. A.am B.is C.are 中考名題體驗AAB語法探究語法探究一、主謂一致 主謂一致是指謂語動詞與主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，主謂一致必須遵循三原則：語法一致原則，意義一致原則，就近一致原則。 （一）語法一致 即主語是單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。具體用法如下： 1.謂語動詞用單數(shù)的情況 （1）單數(shù)名詞或代詞作主語時： The young man is fro

3、m Shandong.那位年輕人來自山東。 （2）動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語或從句作主語時： To err is human，to forgive is divine.人非圣賢，孰能無過。 Seeing is believing.眼見為實。 What hurts us the most teaches us the best . 傷害我們最深的對我們教育最深。 （3）由each以及some, any, no, every 等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞作主語時；Nothing in the world can take the place of persistence.世界上沒有任何東西可以代替堅持。

4、2.謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)的情況（1）復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞作主語時 They are brother.他們是兄弟。 Vegetables are good for your health.蔬菜對你身體有好處。（2）由and 或bothand連接的并列成分作主語時 Lucy and Lily are twins.露西和莉莉是雙胞胎。 （3）以兩個部分組成的物體名詞如：scissors（剪子），glasses（眼鏡），shorts（短褲），trousers（褲子）作主語時，謂語動詞常用復(fù)數(shù)。如果其前帶有單位詞，則由單位詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Jims new trousers are black

5、 and white.吉姆的褲子是黑白色的。 One pair of scissors isnt enough.一把剪刀不夠。 Two pairs of glasses are on the desk.桌上有兩副眼鏡。 3.特殊情況 當(dāng)主語后面跟有由as well as,with,in addition to,along with, together with,except,besides, rather than,more than,no less than等引導(dǎo)的詞組時，隨后的動詞形式依前面的主語的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。 Bill，together with his sister，was hurt

6、in the accident.比爾和他的妹妹都在事故中受傷了。 （二）意義一致 意義一致即是謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式起決于主語的單復(fù)數(shù)意義，而非起決于主語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。 （1）集體名詞如class，team，family，government，public等當(dāng)整體看待時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；集體名詞當(dāng)組成集體的的各個成員看待時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Her family has moved to Beijing.她家搬到北京去了。 Her family are watching TV now.她的家人正在看電視。 （2）表示數(shù)目、時間、金錢、距離的名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù) One hundred

7、 dollars is enough.100美元就夠了。 （3）由and 連接的并列主語表同一概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；由and 連接的并列主語表不同概念時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 The scientist and inventor is his father.那位科學(xué)家兼發(fā)明家是他父親。 The scientist and inventor are coming to our school.那位科學(xué)家和那位發(fā)明家都要到我們學(xué)校來。 （4）“分?jǐn)?shù)（或百分?jǐn)?shù)）of名詞”及“a lot of/lots of/plenty of/half of名詞”構(gòu)成的短語作主語時，其謂語動詞形式要視of后面的名詞而定

8、。Lots of food is going to waste.許多食物將要浪費。Lots of apples have been picked.許多蘋果都摘好了。Thirty-five percent of the doctors are women.醫(yī)生中有35%是女醫(yī)生。 （三）就近一致就近原則即謂語動詞的形式起決于最靠近它的名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式。 1.由or，nor，eitheror，neithernor，not onlybut also等連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時，隨后的動詞形式遵循“就近原則” My sisters or my brother is likely to be at hom

9、e.我的姐姐或是哥哥可能在家。 Neither these nor that fits me.這些和那個都不適合我。 2.由There be +并列主語作主語時，由靠近be的主語決定。 There is a pen and two books on the desk. 桌上有一支筆和兩本書。二、特殊句式 （一）強(qiáng)調(diào)句 1.強(qiáng)調(diào)句基本句型為“It is(was)+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that(who)+其他”，此結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分僅限于主語，賓語和狀語。 It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening昨晚在實驗室做實驗

10、的是我父親。 2. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句還有一種類型，就是用助動詞do/did/does調(diào)謂語。 She does like this horse. 她的確喜歡這匹馬（二）倒裝句 (1)“so+助動詞be動詞情態(tài)動詞+主語”，意為“某人（物）也是這樣”，用來說明上面說的情況也同樣適用于后面所說的人或物。 Jim is smart，so is Carl.吉姆很聰明，卡爾也是。（2）“neither+助動詞be動詞情態(tài)動詞+主語”，意為“某人（物）也同樣不”用于說明上面說的否定情況也同樣適用于后面所說的人或物。 I didnt watch TV last night,neither did my father.

11、我昨晚沒看電視，我父親也沒有。 （3）以副詞here，there，out，in，down，away等方位副詞開頭的句子，如果主語是名詞，要用倒裝語序。如果主語是代詞，則不需倒裝。 There comes the bus.公共汽車來了。 Here are some flowers.這里有一些花。專項集訓(xùn)專項集訓(xùn)一、用括號內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Every working elephant （have）its own keeper.2. Most of the drinking water _ (be) from the Black River.3. Not only she but also

12、I _ (do) morning exercises every day.4. Either you or he _ (have) made a wrong decision.5. The family _(be) spending the weekend together.hasisdohasare6. The police _ (be) trying to catch the thief.7. The number of the teachers in the school _(be) 120.二 、語法填空1.Eating vegetables_ good for our health.

13、A. is B. are C. were 2. Something _ gone wrong with my TV set.A. has B. have C. is areisAA3.Nothing but grass and trees _ the hill.A. covers B. cover C. are covering4.The trousers_ to me.A. belong B. belongs C. is belonged 5. His family _always quarreling among _.A. is; itself B. are; themselvesC. i

14、s; themselves CAC6. There _ a desk, two beds and four chairs in the room. A. is B. are C. has 7. On the wall _ two large portraits(肖像). A. hangs B. hang C. hanged 8. It is what you do rather than what you say _ matters.A. that B. what C. which ABA9.You like football very much. _. A. So do I B. So I do C. I do too D. It is the same with meA