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1、3.代詞和it的用法20172017年高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總復(fù)習(xí)年高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總復(fù)習(xí) 一、代詞 1人稱代詞 人稱代詞的主格在句中作主語(yǔ)，賓格作賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。 They like him.主格(作主語(yǔ))Iyouheshe賓格(作賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ))meyouhimher主格(作主語(yǔ))itweyouthey賓格(作賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ))itusyouthem 在非正式英語(yǔ)尤其是口語(yǔ)中，人稱代詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)?？捎闷滟e格形式代替主格。在比較狀語(yǔ)從句中，有時(shí)也可用賓格代替主格(尤其是其后跟有同位語(yǔ)“all”時(shí))。 Who is it? Its me. He is taller than I (或 me) He is taller th

2、an us all. 若可能引起誤解，就不能用賓格代替主格。試比較： He loves you more than I(他比我更愛(ài)你。) He loves you more than me.(他愛(ài)你比愛(ài)我更多。) 2物主代詞 (1)形容詞性物主代詞只能用作定語(yǔ)，必須與名詞連用。如：his pen，our books。形容詞性(作定語(yǔ))myyourhisher名詞性(作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ))mine yourshishers形容詞性(作定語(yǔ))itsouryourtheir名詞性(作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ))itsoursyours theirs (2)“形容詞性物主代詞own”常用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)“某人自己的”，其后

3、可跟名詞。 Dont use my pen.Why not use your own (pen)? I want a car of my own. (3)“of名詞性物主代詞(或名詞所有格)”構(gòu)成雙重所有格形式。如：a friend of mine。 3反身代詞 反身代詞myself，yourself，himself，herself，itself，oneself，ourselves，yourselves，themselves可在句中作表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。 I am not quite myself today.(表語(yǔ)) He saw himself in the mirror.(賓語(yǔ)) I m

4、yself did it.(同位語(yǔ)) 4相互代詞 (1)相互代詞each other和one another表示相互關(guān)系，兩者差別不大，一般用作賓語(yǔ)。 Bill and Helen blamed each other. (2)each other和one another有所有格形式，可用作定語(yǔ)。 They looked into each others eyes for a silent moment. 5指示代詞 指示代詞有this，that，these，those，it，such，same等。 (1)this，that，these，those的用法 作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。this (t

5、hese)常代指時(shí)間和空間上較近的人或物；而that (those)常代指時(shí)間和空間上較遠(yuǎn)的人或物。 This is my book and that is hers. this (these)常指后文將要提及的事物；that (those)常指前文已提及的事物。 Now hear this.Meeting of all students on the playground in ten minutes! He didnt come.That is why he didnt know. that和those?？捎脕?lái)代指前文提及的內(nèi)容，以免重復(fù)。 The life in Japan is dif

6、ferent from that in America. this和that有時(shí)可表示“程度”，作狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于so。 I dont want that much. (2)such的用法 可用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。用作定語(yǔ)修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，不定冠詞a(n)放在such之后。 Such is life./He is such a kind man. (3)same的用法 可用作定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等，常與定冠詞連用。 Its the same kind of work，just a different department. 6疑問(wèn)代詞 用于引導(dǎo)特殊疑問(wèn)句。who，whom，whose用于

7、指人；which和what可指人或物。 (1)who通常作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)，whom作賓語(yǔ)。在口語(yǔ)中，常用who代替whom，但如果前面有介詞，則仍需用whom。 Who is he？(表語(yǔ)，問(wèn)姓名) By whom was the book written？(介詞賓語(yǔ)) 試比較： Who is he？(問(wèn)姓名或關(guān)系) What is he？(問(wèn)職業(yè)或地位) (2)what，which均可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。 試比較： What sport do you like best？(不定范圍的選擇) Which sport do you like better，football or volleyball

8、？(確定范圍的選擇) (3)whose可用作定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。 Whose dictionary is this？(定語(yǔ)) 7關(guān)系代詞 關(guān)系代詞有who，whom，whose，which，that，as等，用于引導(dǎo)從句。 I like the book that was written by Shi Naian. .用適當(dāng)?shù)拇~填空 1The cost of renting a house in central Xian is higher than_in any other area of the city. 2He is_a kind boy that he is always ready to

9、 help others. 3The population of China is larger than_of Japan. 4_should take over the work? 5_is Tom？Is he a teacher? 6_do you like better，English or Chinese? 7As classmates，we should help_ 8Is this the_book as yours? 答案 1.that2.such3.that4.Who5.What 6Which7.each other8.same .語(yǔ)篇填空(在下列空格中填入適當(dāng)?shù)拇~) An

10、 old man and his son were taking a donkey to the market.The man rode the donkey and the son walked behind 1._. A man saw them and asked the son why 2._wasnt riding the donkey.Then the father let 3._ride it.4._man saw them and told 5._that they should 6._ride the donkey.So 7._both got on it.A woman w

11、ho saw them said，“Tell 8._，why are you both riding that poor animal？ 9._looks so weak and tired.10._are so cruel！”Then，the father and son got off the donkey and started carrying it across a bridge.When they were halfway across the bridge，the donkey struggled loose and fell into the river. 答案 1.it/th

12、em2.he3.him4.Another5.them6.both7.they8.me9.It10.You 二、不定代詞 1another，the other，other，others的區(qū)別 (1)another“又一；再一；另一”，泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一個(gè)”。 I felt so bad all day yesterday that I decided this morning I couldnt face another day like that. Give me another ten minutes and I will complete the task. (2)the

13、 other表示兩者中的“另一個(gè)”或兩部分中的“另一部分”，是特指，常用于one.the other.。 Ill spend half of my holiday practising English and the other half learning drawing.(2010新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷) (3)other作前置定語(yǔ)，表示“另外的”。 We study Chinese，maths，English and other lessons. (4)others作代詞，泛指“其他人”或“其他物”。 In some countries，people eat with chopsticks，whil

14、e in others，knives and forks.(2014福建高考) Some are singing and dancing，some are drawing，others are climbing the hill. 2it，that，one，those的區(qū)別 (1)it意為“它”，特指前面提到過(guò)的同一個(gè)人或者物。 I like this house with a beautiful garden in front，but I dont have enough money to buy it. (2)that用來(lái)替代前面出現(xiàn)的特指的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或特指的不可數(shù)名詞，相當(dāng)于the單數(shù)

15、/不可數(shù)名詞。 Few pleasures can equal that ( the pleasure) of a cool drink on a hot day. (3)one用來(lái)替代前面出現(xiàn)的單數(shù)名詞，是泛指概念，相當(dāng)于a/an單數(shù)名詞；ones用來(lái)替代前面出現(xiàn)的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，也是泛指概念；the one用來(lái)替代前面的特指的單數(shù)名詞，有時(shí)可用that替代(尤其在有后置定語(yǔ)的情況下)；the ones用來(lái)替代前面的特指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，有時(shí)可用those替代(尤其在有后置定語(yǔ)的情況下)。 Helping others is a habit，one you can learn even at an ea

16、rly age. Why dont we take a short break? Didnt we just have one ( a break)? Students who do well in examinations are those/the ones who ask questions in class. 3no one，nobody，none，nothing的區(qū)別 (1)no one，nobody表“沒(méi)有人；誰(shuí)也不”，只指人，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。?？捎脕?lái)回答who引導(dǎo)的問(wèn)句。 Charles was alone at home，with no one looking a

17、fter him. (2)none“沒(méi)人；沒(méi)有任何東西”，既可指人，也可指物。none后可接of短語(yǔ)，常用來(lái)回答how many/much的問(wèn)題。 How many of you have seen the film? None (of us) (3)nothing意為“沒(méi)有東西”，一般回答what。 A smile costs nothing，but gives much. 4all，both，either，neither，none的區(qū)別 (1)all指所有的人或物，表示“(三者或三者以上)全部；都”。 All I want is peace and quiet. (2)both表示“兩者都

18、”。 Did you go to London or Paris last year? We went to both. A week in London and two weeks in Paris. (3)either表示“(兩者中)任何一個(gè)”。 He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found either of them again. (4)neither表示“(兩者)都不”。 I tried two different methods，yet neither of them seemed to work

19、very well. 5each和every的區(qū)別 (1)each和every都表示“每個(gè)”的意思，但each側(cè)重個(gè)體，可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。every側(cè)重全體，相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)的“每個(gè)都”，在句中只作定語(yǔ)。 The tickets each cost ten dollars.(同位語(yǔ)) Every dog has his day.(定語(yǔ)) (2)each代指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人/物，而every需指三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人/物。 Each of the two has won a prize. Every Chinese is pleased at the news. 6few，little和a

20、few，a little的區(qū)別 few和little表示“很少的”，含否定意義；而a few與a little表示“一些”，含肯定意義。few和a few代替可數(shù)名詞，little和a little代替不可數(shù)名詞。在句中用作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。 Of all the guests，he knows only a few. Few of them are famous. 這組詞更多用作形容詞，在句中作定語(yǔ)。few與a few修飾復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞；little，a little修飾不可數(shù)名詞。 He has few friends and lives a lonely life. .用適當(dāng)?shù)拇~填空 1You

21、 can ask anyone for help._ here is willing to lend you a hand. 2Good families are much to all their members，but _to none. 3When shall I call，in the morning or afternoon? _. Ill be in all day. 4_can be good at something for 40 years if he doesnt love it. 5To her joy，Della earned first the trust of he

22、r students and then_of her colleagues. 6Ive lived in New York and Chicago，but dont like_of them very much. 7Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years，she lost_of her enthusiasm for life. 8The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than_on the small ones. 9At our

23、factory there are a few machines similar to_described in this magazine. 10Recycling is one way to protect the environment；reusing is_ 11Half of_surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears. 12Sophia waited for a reply，but_came. 13

24、Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him，but_of them wants to，because they have work to do. 14My brother would like to buy a good watch but_was available from that shop. 15Studying Wendys menu，I found that many of the items are similar to_of McDonalds. 16When he took his gloves off，I not

25、iced that_one had his name written inside. 答案 1.Everyone2.everything3.Either4.Nobody5.that6.either7.none8.that9.those10.another 11those12.none13.neither14.none15.those16.each .語(yǔ)篇填空(在下列空格中填入適當(dāng)?shù)拇~) Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with 1._But 2._was also a time when there were

26、many great philosophers. Confucius (孔子) is the philosopher 3._influence has been the greatest. He stressed the importance of kindness，duty and order in society. Mencius (孟子) was a thinker whose teachings were very similar to 4._of Confucius.Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from

27、animals is that man is good.He thought that if the government was kind，then people would be good. He believed that people were more important than rulers，and hated the state when 5._treated people badly. Mozi (墨子) was 6._teacher who was very influential. Born in 476 BC，he came from a family 7._was v

28、ery poor. He became famous for 8._unusual clothes and behaviour. He founded the philosophy called Mohism.Mozi believed that all men were equal.He thought that we should love all human beings and look after 9._who are weaker than 10._ 答案1.each other2.it3.whose4.those5.it 6another7.that8.his9.those10.

29、ourselves 三、it的用法 1it指代前面所提到過(guò)的事情、事物；嬰兒或身份不明的人，未指明但談話雙方都明白的事情或情況。 Ive broken a plate. It ( Breaking the plate) doesnt matter.(指前面所提到過(guò)的事情) The Parkers bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before they can move in.(指雙方都明白的事情) Look at the baby. Isnt it lovely？(指人們對(duì)其性別還不太在意的嬰兒) 2it用作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)

30、，而把真正的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)放在后面，真正的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)往往由從句、動(dòng)名詞或不定式充當(dāng)。 It worries me that he keeps changing his mind. Susan made it clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself. As far as Im concerned，its no use arguing with him.He wont change his mind. 3有些動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞介詞后面接it，再加從句，構(gòu)成固定結(jié)構(gòu)。這類動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞介詞有：enjoy，prefer，love，like，

31、hate，dislike，appreciate，have，take，put，help，see to，rely on等。 I dislike it when I am left alone to start a conversation with a stranger. They would appreciate it，to be frank，if the goods could be delivered as soon as possible. How can I help it if people dont read the instructions? .用 it，one，the one填空

32、 1Sarah made_to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning. 2If youre buying todays paper from the stand，could you get_for me? 3No matter where he is，he makes_a rule to go for a walk before breakfast. 4We have various summer camps for your holidays. You can choose_based on your own int

33、erests. 5We feel_our duty to make our country a better place. 6Silly me！I forget what my luggage looks like. What do you think of_over there? 7The two girls are so alike that strangers find_difficult to tell one from the other. 8Id appreciate _ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you

34、will come. 9An average of just 18.75 cm of rain fell last year，making _ the driest year since California became a state in 1850. 10Whos that at the door? _is the milkman. 答案1.it2.one3.it4.one5.it6.the one7.it8.it9.it10.It .語(yǔ)篇填空(在下列空格中填入適當(dāng)?shù)拇~) My friend Tony and I always walk home together after scho

35、ol，for 1._live in the same block and 2._of us go in for football. One afternoon on 3._way home，we were about to say goodbye when we heard a loud shout behind 4._As we looked around to see what had happened，we found a middleaged woman lying on the ground，bleeding.We soon realized that 5._had been kno

36、cked down by the black car in front of her.We hurried to help 6._，but a man with dark glasses came over and tried to prevent Tony and 7._from getting closer to the wounded woman.So we got very angry with the man.How could 8._stop us from helping a dying woman？The man asked us to turn around and we were surprised to see 9._man carrying a video camera on 10._shoulder.They were just shooting a film! 答案 1.we2.both3.our4.us5.she6.her 7me8.he9.another10.his