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1、高考寫作24個(gè)話題語言學(xué)習(xí)【話題詞匯】1vocabulary n詞匯，詞匯量2phrase n 短語；詞組3expression n 詞語，措辭4idiom n 成語，習(xí)語5sentence n 句子6passage n 文章7accent n 口音，音調(diào)8dialect n 方言，土話9saying n 諺語10pronunciation n 發(fā)音11tone n 腔調(diào)；語調(diào)；聲調(diào)12stress n 重音13spelling n 拼寫；拼法14meaning n 意義15term n 術(shù)語；條目【美文佳作】(2017洛陽高三一模)假如你是高中三年級學(xué)生李華，開學(xué)之初，你的英語老師Ms.Li

2、希望了解每位同學(xué)的英語學(xué)習(xí)情況，并征求教學(xué)建議。請按以下要點(diǎn)用英語給她寫一封信。內(nèi)容包括：1對英語學(xué)習(xí)的認(rèn)識(shí)；2自己目前的英語水平；3自己在英語學(xué)習(xí)中遇到的主要問題；4對英語教學(xué)的兩點(diǎn)建議。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2信的開頭已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。 Dear Ms.Li， I am very happy to have you as our English teacher. _ _ One possible version： Dear_Ms.Li， I_am_very_happy_to_have_you_as_our_English_teacher. As the world is becom

3、ing a global village，English is getting more and more important.So mastering English means we can see the world through a new window. My English is just OK and the two main problems in my study are that I feel it difficult to learn words by heart，and that I often feel nervous when speaking English.I

4、 really hope that you can give me good advice on how to memorize new words.Another suggestion is to give us more chances to practise speaking.I believe we can make much progress in English with you teaching us. Thank you！Yours， Li Hua 【佳句仿寫】 1把句加黑部分改為with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) _ _，English is getting more and more im

5、portant. 2把句改為表語從句 Another suggestion is_ _more chances to practise speaking. 【答案】1.With the world becoming a global village 2that you should give us核心單詞核心單詞單詞運(yùn)用單詞運(yùn)用munication n交流；溝通；交流；溝通；communicate vi.(用語言、信號(hào)用語言、信號(hào))傳遞信息；交傳遞信息；交流流2.unconscious adj.無意識(shí)的；不知不覺的；無意識(shí)的；不知不覺的；conscious adj.意識(shí)到的；自覺的意識(shí)到的；自

6、覺的3.vary vi.變化；變化；variety n多樣性；種類；多樣性；種類；various adj.多種多樣的多種多樣的4.formal adj.正式的；正式的；informal adj.非正式的非正式的5.aggressive adj.攻擊的；挑斗的；挑釁的攻擊的；挑斗的；挑釁的6.threatening adj.恐嚇的；具有威脅的；恐嚇的；具有威脅的；threaten vt.威脅；威脅；threatened adj.感到恐懼的；感到恐懼的；threat n威脅威脅7.deal n協(xié)議；交易協(xié)議；交易8.involve vt.包括；涉及；使某人參與包括；涉及；使某人參與9.spread

7、 vi.張開；傳播；蔓延張開；傳播；蔓延10.stare vi.凝視；盯著看凝視；盯著看11.blank adj.空白的空白的12.panic v& n恐慌；驚慌恐慌；驚慌13.request n& vt.請求；要求請求；要求14.favour n恩惠；善意的行為；恩惠；善意的行為；favourable adj.贊成的；有利的贊成的；有利的15.live adj.現(xiàn)場的現(xiàn)場的16.judgement n判斷；意見；判斷；意見；judge v判斷判斷17.prolong vt.延長延長18.infectious adj.有感染性的；有感染性的；infect vt.傳染；傳染；感染；感染；infe

8、ction n感染感染語境助記語境助記詞不離句，句不離段詞不離句，句不離段An excellent salesperson is requested to be aggressive and good at communicating with other people in todays competitive society.Communication，which involves various interactions，helps to improve the relationship.He needs to have good judgement and be used to dea

9、ling with all kinds of people whether on formal or informal occasions.Are you in favour of me？.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.He panicked (panic) and ran as fast as he could to safety.2.Communication (communicate) between old and young people is not so difficult as you think.3.Traditionally (tradition) in

10、China，children must respect and obey their parents and teachers.4.The environment here is favorable (favor) for an individual to develop his abilities.5.The people of our various nationalities enjoy the absolute equality (equal) before the law.6.The threat (threaten) of unemployment has urged studen

11、ts on to work harder at their studies.7.There are a variety of animals and plants in the world.They vary in shape and size and exist in many parts of the world.But for various reasons，some of them are dying out.(vary)8.Walking on the street，I found an old man lying on the ground unconscious.When I w

12、as conscious that the old man was in danger，I called the emergency service.(conscious).單詞拼寫單詞拼寫1.Training astronauts takes a long time and involves(涉及涉及)various courses.2.The price of this type of computer varies(變化變化)in different shops.3.They sat on the hillside，staring(凝視凝視)out across the valley.4

13、.Its said that those with the blood of type O are the most aggressive(攻擊性的攻擊性的)5.The A/H1N1spread(傳播傳播)quickly across the country and thousands of people got ill.高頻短語高頻短語短語運(yùn)用短語運(yùn)用1.on_guard(保持保持)警惕警惕2.make_a_deal 達(dá)成協(xié)議；做成達(dá)成協(xié)議；做成交易交易3.hold_up 舉起舉起4.give_away 暴暴露露(自己的情況自己的情況)；出賣；贈(zèng)送；出賣；贈(zèng)送5.lift_up 舉起舉起6.

14、up_and_down 一上一下地一上一下地7.by_accident 偶然地偶然地8.say_hello_to 向向問好問好9.switch_on 打打開開(燈、無線電燈、無線電等等)用高頻短語的適當(dāng)形式填空用高頻短語的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Its dangerous to give_away personal information on the Internet.2.I dont know whether he did it by_accident or by design.3.The building work has been held_up by bad weather.4.When w

15、e switch_on electricity，we get heat from an electric heater.5.The citizens were warned to be on_guard against a sudden night attack.6.Please say_hello_to Mr.Smith for me when you see him.7.He paced up_and_down restlessly，trying to put his thoughts in order.8.He lifted_up his eyes to the top of the h

16、ill when he heard the explosion.常用句型常用句型句型運(yùn)用句型運(yùn)用1.What引導(dǎo)的名詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句性從句【信息提取【信息提取】what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句2.One person then holds up his hand，palm_outwards_and_five_fingers_spread.【信息提取【信息提取】獨(dú)獨(dú)立主格的用法立主格的用法1._， the teacher praised him in class. 由于老師對他所做的事情由于老師對他所做的事情很滿意，于是在班上表很滿意，于是在班上表揚(yáng)了他。揚(yáng)了他。【答案【答案】 Satisfied w

17、ith what he did2.Tom came home，_.湯姆回家了，一只狗跟著湯姆回家了，一只狗跟著他。他?！敬鸢浮敬鸢浮?a dog following him重點(diǎn)語法：狀語從句重點(diǎn)語法：狀語從句選詞填空選詞填空if unlessas long asno matter howwhatever1._ you want to get a job as a professor in a wellknown university，a PHD degree is needed.2.Well have a picnic in the park this Sunday _ it rains or

18、 its very cold.3.Do you have a minute? Ive got something to tell you.OK，_ you make it short.4.He keeps taking physical training in winter _ cold it is.5._ work we do，we should do our best.【答案【答案】1.If2.unless3.as long as4.no matter how5.Whatever詞匯突破詞匯突破1. vary (1)vi.變化變化That sort of thing varies from

19、 person to person.那種事因人而異。那種事因人而異。(2)vt.使不同；使多樣化使不同；使多樣化He never varied his habits.他從未改變過自己的習(xí)慣。他從未改變過自己的習(xí)慣。Teachers should vary their lessons to make them more interesting.為為了增加趣味，老師應(yīng)該使自己的課多樣化。了增加趣味，老師應(yīng)該使自己的課多樣化?！練w納拓展【歸納拓展】單句語法填空單句語法填空Opinions on this matter vary _ person _ person.The variety of his

20、 books _(be) astonishing.A variety of books _(be) on the desk.And the answer must vary _ the circumstances.The goods in the supermarket vary _ size，color and price.Many people were absent for _(vary) reasons._(vary) of foods have been sent to the floodstricken areas.【答案【答案】fromtoisarewithinvariousVa

21、rieties 高考鏈接 ( 2 0 1 6 浙 江 卷 ， A ) T h e e f f e c t s o f g o s s i p _(vary)depending on the situation. 【答案】vary 2deal (1)n.協(xié)議；交易 Lets make a deal.我們來訂個(gè)協(xié)議。 It was probably the best business deal I ever did. 那也許是我曾經(jīng)做過的最好的一筆生意。(2)n.數(shù)量，大量數(shù)量，大量He had given this question a great deal of thought.他對這個(gè)問題做

22、過許多思考。他對這個(gè)問題做過許多思考。 (3)vi.(dealt，dealt)經(jīng)營；交易；涉及；處理經(jīng)營；交易；涉及；處理This store deals in silk.這家店經(jīng)營絲綢。這家店經(jīng)營絲綢。He wrote a book dealing with West Africa.他寫了一本關(guān)于西非的書。他寫了一本關(guān)于西非的書。The meeting will deal with these problems.這次會(huì)議將處理這些問題。這次會(huì)議將處理這些問題。 【歸納拓展【歸納拓展】big deal重要的人；重要的事重要的人；重要的事a great/good deal許多，大量許多，大量ma

23、ke a deal with與與做成一筆交易；與做成一筆交易；與達(dá)成協(xié)議達(dá)成協(xié)議That/Its a deal.就這么辦，一言為定。就這么辦，一言為定。deal in從事于；經(jīng)營，做從事于；經(jīng)營，做買賣買賣deal with與與交往交往(有生意往來有生意往來)；處理；涉及；處理；涉及 【溫馨提示【溫馨提示】表示表示“處理處理”時(shí)，在疑問句中時(shí)，在疑問句中deal with與與how連用；連用；do with與與what連用。連用。 多維訓(xùn)練 (1)單句語法填空 This book deals _ an important subject. Its a book _(deal) with lif

24、e in the United States. We dont know _ to deal with it. _(deal) with the man _ he deals with you. A great deal of money _(be) spent on food.(2)單句改錯(cuò)單句改錯(cuò)Have you any concrete thoughts on how to do with this difficulty？_【答案【答案】(1)withdealinghowDealasis/was(2)dodeal或或howwhat高考鏈接高考鏈接(2016天津卷，天津卷，C)Points

25、 were awarded for part time jobs，housework，effort in school，and ability to _(deal) with problems.【答案【答案】deal3.involve vt.(1)包括包括,Learning English involves listening，speaking，writing and reading.學(xué)英語包括聽說讀寫四個(gè)方面。學(xué)英語包括聽說讀寫四個(gè)方面。This course involves learning how to survive in dangerous situations.這門課包含在危險(xiǎn)情

26、景中怎樣求得生存。這門課包含在危險(xiǎn)情景中怎樣求得生存。(2)使卷入；連累；牽涉使卷入；連累；牽涉Thats no concern of mine.Im not involved.那與我無關(guān)，我未卷入。那與我無關(guān)，我未卷入。Dont involve me in your quarrel！不要把我牽扯進(jìn)你們的爭吵中！不要把我牽扯進(jìn)你們的爭吵中！(3)使專注，使忙于使專注，使忙于How should we involve ourselves in school life?我們應(yīng)該怎樣投入學(xué)校生活？我們應(yīng)該怎樣投入學(xué)校生活？ 【歸納拓展【歸納拓展】 多維訓(xùn)練多維訓(xùn)練(1)用用involve的正確形式填

27、空的正確形式填空Students will have the opportunity to broaden their view by getting themselves _ in different environments.It is those who _ in the matter that should answer for it，so dont be worried.(2)完成句子完成句子We found it _(一個(gè)復(fù)雜的問題一個(gè)復(fù)雜的問題)_(有關(guān)人員有關(guān)人員)must be present at the meeting. (3)單句改錯(cuò) Youd better not g

28、et involving in what they are arguing about._ 【答案】(1)involvedare involved(2)an involved problemThe people involved(3)involvinginvolved 高考鏈接 (2016四川卷)Between the ages of about 12 and 50，women produce hormones that are_(involve) in fertility(生育能力) 【答案】involved4request (1)n.請求；要求；需要請求；要求；需要Tom made a r

29、equest that I should help him.湯姆要求我?guī)椭?。湯姆要求我?guī)椭?2)vt.請求；要求；需要請求；要求；需要I request that you should come early.我要求你早些來。我要求你早些來。 You are requested not to smoke in the theatre.劇院里不準(zhǔn)吸煙。劇院里不準(zhǔn)吸煙。 【溫馨提示【溫馨提示】request作名詞和動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，要求相關(guān)的從句用虛作名詞和動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，要求相關(guān)的從句用虛擬語氣，謂語要用擬語氣，謂語要用should動(dòng)詞原形或省略動(dòng)詞原形或省略should。巧辨異同巧辨異同require，

30、demand，request相同點(diǎn)：這三個(gè)詞的搭配相同，后面都接相同點(diǎn)：這三個(gè)詞的搭配相同，后面都接sb.to do；sth.of sb.，都，都可構(gòu)成：可構(gòu)成：It is 過去分詞形式過去分詞形式that從句，而且從句都要用虛擬語從句，而且從句都要用虛擬語氣。氣。不同點(diǎn)：不同點(diǎn)：(1)demand一般指理直氣壯地提出強(qiáng)烈要求，或堅(jiān)持不讓對方拒絕一般指理直氣壯地提出強(qiáng)烈要求，或堅(jiān)持不讓對方拒絕的要求。的要求。(2)require強(qiáng)調(diào)根據(jù)事業(yè)、需要或紀(jì)律、法律等而提出的要求。強(qiáng)調(diào)根據(jù)事業(yè)、需要或紀(jì)律、法律等而提出的要求。(3)request正式用詞，指非常正式，有禮貌的請求或懇求。正式用詞，指非

31、常正式，有禮貌的請求或懇求。 【歸納拓展【歸納拓展】(1)make a request for要求要求at sb.s request 應(yīng)某人的要求應(yīng)某人的要求at the request of sb. 應(yīng)某人的要求應(yīng)某人的要求upon/on request 一經(jīng)要求，應(yīng)要求一經(jīng)要求，應(yīng)要求in great request 極需要；很受歡迎極需要；很受歡迎(2)request sth.of/from sb. 向某人請求某事向某人請求某事request sb.to do sth. 請求某人做某事請求某人做某事request that從句從句 請求請求同義句改寫同義句改寫We requested M

32、r.Wang not to smoke in the office.We requested that Mr.Wang _ in the office.It is requested that all the club members attend the annual meeting.All the club members _ the annual meeting.He requested that he should be transferred to another department.He was transferred to another department _.【答案【答案

33、】(should) not smokeare requested to attendat his own request/at the request of him 高考鏈接 (2016四川卷)By the end of the first chapter，_(request) were coming from the back seat：“Please read a little louder.” 【答案】requests5. favourfavor n好意，幫助，恩惠，偏袒；好意，幫助，恩惠，偏袒；v.支持；喜愛；偏愛，偏袒支持；喜愛；偏愛，偏袒Everyone is in favour

34、of Toms proposal.每個(gè)人都贊同湯姆的計(jì)劃。每個(gè)人都贊同湯姆的計(jì)劃。A mother shouldnt show too much favour to any one of her children.母親不應(yīng)偏袒任何一個(gè)孩子。母親不應(yīng)偏袒任何一個(gè)孩子。Can I ask a favour of you?請你幫個(gè)忙好嗎？請你幫個(gè)忙好嗎？She always favours her youngest child.她總是偏愛她最小的孩子。她總是偏愛她最小的孩子。 【歸納拓展【歸納拓展】(1)ask a favour of sb.請某人幫忙，照顧請某人幫忙，照顧do a favour f

35、or sb.do sb.a favour給某人的恩惠，幫某人忙給某人的恩惠，幫某人忙in favour 得寵的；流行的得寵的；流行的out of favour 失寵的；不流行的失寵的；不流行的in ones favour受受(某人某人)喜愛的，對喜愛的，對(某人某人)有利的有利的in favour of 支持，贊同支持，贊同(2)favourable 贊成的，有利的，有幫助的贊成的，有利的，有幫助的favourite 最喜歡的；最有希望的最喜歡的；最有希望的多維訓(xùn)練多維訓(xùn)練(1)用用a，the填空填空Would you do me _ favour to open the window?Wou

36、ld you do me _ favour?(2)完成句子完成句子Fortunately，the situation is _(對我們有利對我們有利)at the moment，so we are sitting on top of the world.Was he _(支持還是反對這個(gè)計(jì)劃支持還是反對這個(gè)計(jì)劃)?Can I _(請請幫忙幫忙)you? 【答案】(1)thea (2)in our favour/in favour of usin favour of or against the plan ask a favour of短語聚焦短語聚焦1hold up (1)舉起舉起Please

37、 hold up your hands if you have any questions.如果有問題，請舉手。如果有問題，請舉手。(2)阻礙；攔截阻礙；攔截They were held up by fog.他們被霧所阻。他們被霧所阻。The criminals held up the train.罪犯攔截了火車。罪犯攔截了火車?！練w納拓展【歸納拓展】hold構(gòu)成的其他常用短語：構(gòu)成的其他常用短語：hold back阻止；抑制阻止；抑制(情感、情緒情感、情緒)；隱瞞；隱瞞hold down 壓抑；壓低；控制壓抑；壓低；控制hold off保持距離；不接近；拖延；延期保持距離；不接近；拖延；延期

38、 ( put off)hold on(打電話時(shí)用語打電話時(shí)用語)請等一下，不要掛斷；堅(jiān)持請等一下，不要掛斷；堅(jiān)持hold out堅(jiān)持；維持；伸出堅(jiān)持；維持；伸出hold to堅(jiān)持；遵循。后接觀點(diǎn)、工作類名詞。堅(jiān)持；遵循。后接觀點(diǎn)、工作類名詞。hold on to保持住，保留；抓住不放保持住，保留；抓住不放 短語填空 hold up，hold back，hold down，hold out The roof _ by wood. Doctors _ little hope of her recovering. The government took a series of measures _

39、prices. They _ some important information. 【答案】is held uphold outto hold down held back2give away (1)暴露暴露(自己的情況自己的情況)；出賣；泄露；出賣；泄露Nobody knows Ive done this，so please dont give me away.沒有人知道我做了這件事，所以請你不要出賣我。沒有人知道我做了這件事，所以請你不要出賣我。Dont give away our secret.不要泄露我們的秘密。不要泄露我們的秘密。(2)贈(zèng)送；分發(fā)贈(zèng)送；分發(fā)He gave away

40、a part of his income to his needy friends.他把收入的一部分送給經(jīng)濟(jì)困難的朋友們。他把收入的一部分送給經(jīng)濟(jì)困難的朋友們。 The headmaster gave away the prizes.校長分發(fā)了獎(jiǎng)品。校長分發(fā)了獎(jiǎng)品。 【歸納拓展【歸納拓展】give構(gòu)成的其他常用短語構(gòu)成的其他常用短語give in投降；屈服；讓步；上交投降；屈服；讓步；上交give up放棄；讓出放棄；讓出 give out發(fā)出；分發(fā)；公布；耗盡發(fā)出；分發(fā)；公布；耗盡give off散發(fā)散發(fā)多維訓(xùn)練多維訓(xùn)練(1)寫出下列句子中寫出下列句子中g(shù)ive away的漢語意思的漢語意思

41、Dont give away to the public when we will start._He gave away most of his money to the homeless._Would you let her give away the chance to go abroad？_The university president gave away our diploma._ (2)用give短語的正確形式填空 He _ most of his money to charity. The car stopped when the petrol _. I must call a

42、t the library to _ this book. The market was full of salted fish，_ the worst smell. 【答案】(1)泄露贈(zèng)送放棄，喪失頒發(fā)(2)gave awaygave outgive backgiving off3on guard(保持保持)警惕警惕【教材原句【教材原句】Like other animals，we are on guard until we know it is safe to relax.跟別的動(dòng)物一樣，我們會(huì)一直處于戒備狀態(tài)，直到我們感覺安全跟別的動(dòng)物一樣，我們會(huì)一直處于戒備狀態(tài)，直到我們感覺安全了才放松

43、。了才放松?！練w納拓展【歸納拓展】on(ones)guard against戒備；防備戒備；防備off guard 不警惕；不提防不警惕；不提防The neighbouring countries were on_guard_against the military expansion of that country.那個(gè)國家的軍事擴(kuò)張引起了鄰國的警惕。那個(gè)國家的軍事擴(kuò)張引起了鄰國的警惕。Dont be off_guard！You mustnt tell anything to him.不要失去警惕，你一定不要告訴他任何事情。不要失去警惕，你一定不要告訴他任何事情。 想一想我們學(xué)過的想一想我們

44、學(xué)過的“on名詞名詞”構(gòu)成的短語常見的還有哪些？構(gòu)成的短語常見的還有哪些？請寫出。請寫出。on _出差出差on _度假度假on _值班值班on _故意故意on _正在出售正在出售【答案【答案】businessholidaydutypurposesale句型精析句型精析1Although these are very important，we communicate with more_than just spoken and written words.盡管這些很重要，但我們并不只是通過口頭和書面語言進(jìn)行交流。盡管這些很重要，但我們并不只是通過口頭和書面語言進(jìn)行交流。本句中本句中“more t

45、han名詞名詞”表示表示“不僅僅是；不只是不僅僅是；不只是”。Her progress has inspired more than just a new movie.她的進(jìn)步她的進(jìn)步不僅僅鼓勵(lì)了一部新的影片。不僅僅鼓勵(lì)了一部新的影片。more than還有以下用法：還有以下用法：(1)more than數(shù)詞，表示數(shù)詞，表示“超過，多于超過，多于”，相當(dāng)于，相當(dāng)于over More than half of us admit we lack willpower.我們有超過一半的人承認(rèn)缺乏毅力。我們有超過一半的人承認(rèn)缺乏毅力。The store is more than happy to del

46、iver goods to your home.本商店很樂意為你送貨上門。本商店很樂意為你送貨上門。(3)morethan“比比更；與其說更；與其說不如說不如說”George is more_intelligent_than_aggressive.與其說喬治言行放肆，不如說他聰穎過人。與其說喬治言行放肆，不如說他聰穎過人。(4)no more than名詞或基數(shù)詞，表示名詞或基數(shù)詞，表示“不過；僅僅；只有不過；僅僅；只有”(側(cè)側(cè)重?cái)?shù)量少重?cái)?shù)量少)He is no more than an ordinary policeman.他只不過是一名普通的警察。他只不過是一名普通的警察。(5)not m

47、ore than基數(shù)詞，表示基數(shù)詞，表示“至多，不超過至多，不超過”Its a beautiful cottage not_more_than five minutes from the nearest beach.那是一座漂亮的小屋，離最近的海灘至多那是一座漂亮的小屋，離最近的海灘至多5分鐘的路程。分鐘的路程。 寫出下列句子中畫線部分的含義寫出下列句子中畫線部分的含義More_than one person has been concerned in this. _If you tell your father what you have done, he will be more_than

48、 a little angry._He more_than smiled, he laughed outright._Catherine is more diligent than intelligent._Though they think it takes no more_than three days to fulfill the mission, I believe it takes not less than six days._【答案【答案】超過；不止超過；不止很；十分；非常很；十分；非常不僅僅不僅僅與與其其，不如，不如僅僅；只不過僅僅；只不過 高考鏈接 (2016新課標(biāo)卷)Som

49、e people may think that a garden is _(僅僅是) plants，flowers，patterns and masses of color. 【答案】no more than2One person then holds up his hand，palm outwards and five fingers spread.然后一個(gè)人舉起手，手掌向外，五指張開。然后一個(gè)人舉起手，手掌向外，五指張開。本句中獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)本句中獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)palm outwards和和five fingers spread作狀語。作狀語。前一個(gè)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成方式是：名詞副詞；后一個(gè)獨(dú)

50、立主前一個(gè)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成方式是：名詞副詞；后一個(gè)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成方式是：名詞過去分詞。格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成方式是：名詞過去分詞。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)本身不是句子，在句子中作狀語，表示時(shí)間、原因、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)本身不是句子，在句子中作狀語，表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、伴隨等。常見的有如下幾種：條件、伴隨等。常見的有如下幾種：(1)名詞名詞/代詞代詞/名詞詞組現(xiàn)在分詞。名詞名詞詞組現(xiàn)在分詞。名詞/代詞代詞/名詞詞組與現(xiàn)在分名詞詞組與現(xiàn)在分詞之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。詞之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。Time permitting(If time permits)，we will for on an outing to the

51、 beach tomorrow.如果時(shí)間允許的話，我們將在明天組織一次海濱旅游。如果時(shí)間允許的話，我們將在明天組織一次海濱旅游。 (2)名詞名詞/代詞代詞/名詞詞組過去分詞。名詞名詞詞組過去分詞。名詞/代詞代詞/名詞詞組與過去分名詞詞組與過去分詞之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。詞之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。(3)名詞名詞/代詞代詞/名詞詞組不定式。名詞名詞詞組不定式。名詞/代詞代詞/名詞詞組與不定式之名詞詞組與不定式之間是主謂關(guān)系，且強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一次具體性的動(dòng)作，或沒有發(fā)生的動(dòng)間是主謂關(guān)系，且強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一次具體性的動(dòng)作，或沒有發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。作。They said goodbye to each other，one

52、 to go home，the other to go to the bookstore.他們道別后，一個(gè)回了家，一個(gè)去了書店。他們道別后，一個(gè)回了家，一個(gè)去了書店。(4)名詞名詞/代詞代詞/名詞詞組形容詞。名詞詞組形容詞。An air accident happened to the plane，nobody alive.那架飛機(jī)遭遇了空難，無一人生還。那架飛機(jī)遭遇了空難，無一人生還。(5)名詞名詞/代詞代詞/名詞詞組副詞。名詞詞組副詞。He put on his sweater，inside out.他把毛衣穿反了。他把毛衣穿反了。(6)名詞名詞/代詞代詞/名詞詞組介詞短語。名詞詞組介詞短

53、語?！緶剀疤崾尽緶剀疤崾尽?1)獨(dú)立主格的主語與主句的主語不一致。獨(dú)立主格的主語與主句的主語不一致。(2)獨(dú)立主格中若用非謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要考慮動(dòng)詞與邏輯主語之間的獨(dú)立主格中若用非謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要考慮動(dòng)詞與邏輯主語之間的關(guān)系。關(guān)系。 Weather permitting，they will go for an outing to the seaside tomorrow.如果天氣允許的話，他們明天將去海邊游玩。如果天氣允許的話，他們明天將去海邊游玩。Work_finished，they went home.工作完成后，他們回家了。工作完成后，他們回家了。完成句子完成句子_(As the problems were solved)，the quality has been improved.隨著問題的解決，質(zhì)量已經(jīng)提高了。隨著問題的解決，質(zhì)量已經(jīng)提高了。_，they all went home.會(huì)議一結(jié)束，他們就都回家了。會(huì)議一結(jié)束，他們就都回家了。The boy went to the classroom，_.那男孩手里拿著一本書進(jìn)了教室。那男孩手里拿著一本書進(jìn)了教室?！敬鸢浮敬鸢浮縏he problems solvedThe meeting overa book in his hand