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1、語法專題語法專題(十十)虛擬語氣虛擬語氣 一、虛擬語氣用于條件句 虛擬語氣應(yīng)用于條件狀語從句中，虛擬條件句以及主句謂語動詞的構(gòu)成形式如下表：說明從句主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反If主語動詞的過去式(be動詞過去式通常用were)主語would或should/could/might動詞原形與過去事實相反If主語動詞的過去完成式主語would或should/could/mighthave過去分詞與將來事實相反If主語動詞的過去式(be動詞過去式通常用were)If主語should動詞原形If主語were to動詞原形 主句中的should常用于第一人稱，would可用于任何人稱，同時也可以根據(jù)意思用情態(tài)動詞

2、could，might，從句中的be動詞在第一、三人稱后有時也有用was的。 1與現(xiàn)在事實相反 If I were you，I wouldnt do it. 如果我是你，我就不去做這件事。 If you hurried，you would catch the bus. 你要是趕快，你是會搭上車的。(可你是這樣慢吞吞的。) If he were here，everything would be all right. 要是他在這兒，一切都沒問題了。 這樣考過 (天津)This printer is of good quality.If it _ break down within the firs

3、t year，we would repair it at our expense. AwouldBshould Ccould Dmight 解析：句意：這臺打印機質(zhì)量很好。如果第一年使用壞了，我們保修。虛擬語氣中表示將來時間的條件句有三種，就此句而言，應(yīng)為：If it broke down/If it were to break down/If it should break down。 答案：B 2與過去事實相反 If you had got up earlier，you would have caught the train. 如果你早點兒起來，你就會趕上火車了。 If I had bee

4、n there，I would have helped her. 如果我那時在那兒，我就幫助她了。 If I hadnt taken your advice，I would have made a big mistake. 我要不是聽了你的勸告，就會犯大錯誤。 這樣考過 (福建質(zhì)檢)I didnt go to the movie last night because of the rain. What a pity！If I had got the ticket，I _ it. Awouldnt have missed Bwouldnt miss Cdidnt miss Dhadnt miss

5、ed 解析：由句中what a pity！(真遺憾)知本句考查與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣。其構(gòu)成為：if條件句(過去完成時)，主句(情態(tài)動詞現(xiàn)在完成時)。綜上，選A。 答案：A (廈門質(zhì)檢)Why didnt Tom give you one of his paintings? I didnt want one，but he would have given me one if I _. Adid Bwould Cwill Dhad 解析：由句意：我是不想要，如果我要是要的話，他就會給我的。由句中的I didnt want one知與過去事實相反。從句用過去完成時，主句用would have d

6、one形式。 答案：D 3與將來事實相反 If it rained tomorrow，we should stay at home. 如果明天下雨，我們就待在家里。(最近天氣好，下雨的可能性不大。) If he should come，I could have a talk with him. 如果他來，我就能跟他談?wù)劇?If I were to do it，I would do it in a different way. 要是我來做這件事，我會用另一種方法。 這樣考過 (湖南長郡中學(xué))If your study plans succeeded，you _ your marks in the

7、 following exam. Awill increase Bhave been increasing Chave increased Dwould be increasing 答案：D 4省略if的虛擬條件從句 如果條件狀語從句的謂語動詞有were，had或should，可以把if省去，而把were，had或should移到主語前面，以倒裝形式表示虛擬條件。例如： Were I you，I would do the same. 如果我是你，我也會這樣做。(If I were you) Had you come yesterday，you would have met him. 如果你昨天

8、來，你就見到他了。(If you had come yesterday) Should there be a flood，what should we do？萬一發(fā)生洪水，我們怎么辦？(If there should be a flood) Were he to come，I might go with him. 他若是來，我就可能跟他去。(If he were to come) 這樣考過 (2008安徽皖南八校聯(lián)考)_ it _ to rain tomorrow，the sports meet would be put off until the same time next week. A

9、Should; / BIf; should CWere; / DIf; was going 解析：這是與將來事實相反的虛擬語氣，當省略if時，句子要倒裝，恢復(fù)為正常語序是：If it were to rain tomorrow，. 答案：C (2006湖北)_fired，your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. AWould you be BShould you be CCould you be DMight you be 解析：根據(jù)句意，條件分句是對將來情況的一種不真實的假設(shè)，應(yīng)用：使用半倒裝語序

10、但if省去。即should/were/had主語部分謂語句式。綜上所述，故B為正確的選項。句意：如果你被解雇的話，你的醫(yī)保和其他津貼將不會馬上被終止。 答案：B (2008重慶一中)_ I had time，I would have checked my answers again. AIf BUnless CHad DWhen 解析：本題考查虛擬語氣條件狀語從句省略if時的倒裝現(xiàn)象。 答案：C (2008江蘇興化)What would have happened，_，as far as the river bank? ABob had walked farther Bif Bob shoul

11、d walked farther Chad Bob walked farther Dif Bob walked farther 解析：在虛擬語氣中，有時如果把條件狀語從句中的if省略，可以把助動詞had，were或者是should提到句子的前面，形成部分倒裝形式。根據(jù)前面的謂語形式可知，此題表達的是與過去相反的虛擬語氣，在條件句中要用had done形式，或者是if省略，把had放在句子的前面，所以只能選擇C項。 答案：C 5錯綜時間條件句 當條件從句表示的動作和主句表示的動作發(fā)生的時間不一致的時候(如一個發(fā)生在過去，一個發(fā)生在現(xiàn)在)，動詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時間來調(diào)整。例如： If he

12、had listened to me，he would not be in trouble now.如果他當時聽了我的話，現(xiàn)在就不會遇到麻煩了。 If the weather had been more favorable，the crops would be growing still better. 如果過去天氣好一些，現(xiàn)在莊稼還會長得更好。 If he had told me yesterday，I should know what to do now.假如他昨天告訴我了，我現(xiàn)在就會知道該怎么辦了。 這樣考過 (2007江西九所)If it_too much trouble，Id lov

13、e a cup of tea and some cookies. Awasnt Bhasnt Cisnt Dwerent 解析：此處if引導(dǎo)的是一個真實條件句。 答案：C (南昌調(diào)研)If you _ that film late last night，you wouldnt be so sleepy. Adidnt see Bhavent seen Cwouldnt have seen Dhadnt seen 解析：語境為：如果你昨晚沒有熬夜看電影，那么(現(xiàn)在)你就不會感到瞌睡了。題干中的時間狀語last night暗示從句陳述的是與過去事實相反的情況，因此從句應(yīng)用過去完成時。 答案：D (

14、長沙調(diào)研)It would be impossible for him to leave hospital tomorrow if he_first aid when the accident happened. Ahadnt been given Bwasnt be given Cshouldnt be given Dwouldnt be given 解析：由句意“如果事故發(fā)生時他沒有予以急救”可知這里是對過去發(fā)生的事作相反的假設(shè)，故應(yīng)用過去完成式表示，即選A為正確答案。 答案：A 6含蓄條件句 英語中有些介詞短語如without.(沒有)，but for.(要不是)，in that cas

15、e 等，可以表示虛擬條件，連詞but(但是)，副詞otherwise(否則)，并列連詞or(否則)也可以表示虛擬條件；表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼那闆r，謂語動詞用“would(或其他情態(tài)動詞)動詞原形”；表示過去的情況，謂語動詞用“would(或其他情況動詞)have過去分詞”。例如： But for the storm，we should have arrived earlier. 要不是下暴雨，我們早到了。 Without my teachers help，I would have failed. 沒有我老師的幫助，我當時就會失敗的。 I was busy，otherwise I would have

16、 gone with you. 我當時很忙，不然就跟你一起去了。 I would have written to you before，but I was ill. 早該給你寫信的，但我生病了。 這樣考過 (湖南師大附中)How can I thank you? Dont mention it.Any other man in that case _ the same thing. Awould have done Bcould do Cmust do Dshould have done 解析：據(jù)句意：任何人都會這樣做。故選A。D“本該這樣做而未做”。 答案：A (福建)But for the

17、 help of my English teacher，I _ the first prize in the English Writing Competition. Awould not win Bwould not have won Cwould win Dwould have won 解析：句意：要沒有我英語老師的幫助，我不會在英語寫作比賽中獲得第一名。本題考查虛擬語氣用法，根據(jù)句意，可知主句應(yīng)該使用否定式，而本句是與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣，故答案為B項。 答案：B (東北三校模擬) Why are you so late? I got stuck in the traffic jam，

18、or I _ earlier. Aarrived Bhave arrived Cwould arrive Dwould have arrived 解析：由句意“or I _earlier.”知未曾實現(xiàn)的愿望，故選D。 答案：D (南京調(diào)研)I cant thank you _ much because without your help I _ have won the first prize. Atoo; wouldnt Bvery; shouldnt Cthat; might notDso; couldnt 解析：由句意：我真不知該怎樣感謝你，因為若不是你幫助我，我是得不了一等獎的。can

19、t.too.意為“也不過分”。故選A。 答案：A (吉安期末)I paid no interest at school and I was always chasing birds and butterflies by the river！Otherwise，I _ in a more comfortable office now. Awould sit Bwould have sat Cwould be sitting Dwas sitting 解析：由句中的時間狀語now，知是與現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬語氣，故選C。 答案：C 二、虛擬語氣用于其他從句 虛擬語氣除了用于條件句中表示假設(shè)情況以外，

20、它還可以用于其他從句中，表示要求、命令、愿望、勸告、驚奇、懷疑等意義。 1suggest 等從句 (1)在suggest(建議)，advise(建議)，recommend(建議，勸告)，propose(建議)，demand(要求)，request(請求)，require(要求)，order(命令)，command(命令)，insist(堅持)，desire(欲望)等動詞后的賓語從句中要求用“should動詞原形”或只用動詞原形。例如： He suggested that we(should)save some money for the future.他建議我們?yōu)閷頂€點兒錢。 I propo

21、se that we(should)set a deadline for handing in the plans.我建議我們訂出一個交計劃的期限。 The policeman ordered that the old man(should)be sent to the hospital.警察命令把那個老人送往醫(yī)院。 I insist we(should)leave tomorrow. 我堅持我們明天動身。 這樣考過 (浙江)The doctor recommended that you _ swim after eating a large meal. Awouldnt Bcouldnt C

22、neednt Dshouldnt 解析：句意：醫(yī)生建議你不應(yīng)該在飽餐之后游泳。recommend后的賓語從句應(yīng)用虛擬語氣，謂語動詞為“(should)do”，故選D。 答案：D (2008寧夏中衛(wèi)模擬)Johns pale face suggested that he _ ill，and his parents suggested that he _ a medical examination. Abe; should have Bwas; have Cshould be; had Dwas; has 解析：suggest“暗示；建議”，當用作“暗示”之意時，從句中用陳述語氣；用作“建議”之意

23、時，從句中用虛擬語氣，即：suggest that sb.(should)do sth.。這句話的意思是：約翰蒼白的臉暗示他病了，他父母建議他進行一次體檢。 答案：B (2008山東濱州質(zhì)檢)Regulations require _ needs special diets _ the cooking manager in advance. Awho; informs Bwhom; informed Cwhomever; inform Dwhoever; inform 解析：require，order，suggest，advise等表示“命令；建議；要求”的動詞，其后的賓語從句中謂語動詞要用“

24、(should)動詞原形”的形式，故排除A、B兩項。require的賓語是一個復(fù)合句，主語是由whoever引導(dǎo)的從句充當?shù)模瑆hoever在這個主語從句中作主語，所以C項錯誤。這句話的意思是：規(guī)章要求任何需要專門飲食的人提前通知烹飪部經(jīng)理。 答案：D (2008全國大聯(lián)考)My daughter insists _ in this school. Athat she would not study Bstudying not Cthat she not study Dnot to study 解析：在表示“建議、要求、命令”等詞的賓語從句中，謂語動詞要用“(should)動詞原形”。常見的動

25、詞有：suggest(建議)，advise，propose，command，request，insist(堅決要求)，recommend等。本題也可用on not studying。 答案：C (2)“It is過去分詞that引導(dǎo)的主語從句”中that從句的謂語動詞可用“should動詞原形”或只用動詞原形，這里的過去分詞就是表示建議、要求、命令等動詞的過去分詞，如：suggested，desired，requested，ordered，proposed，advised，demanded等。例如： It is ordered that he(should)be sent there at o

26、nce. 有命令馬上派他到那里去。 It is suggested that the meeting(should)be held next week.有人建議下周開會。 It is desired that we(should)get everything ready by tonight.希望一切在今晚準備好。 這樣考過 (鎮(zhèn)江調(diào)研)It is required that more attention _ the working conditions of the workers in our country. Ashould be paid to keep Bbe paid to hav

27、ing kept Cshould be paid to have improved Dbe paid to improving 解析：It is required that sb.(should)do sth.或sth.(should)be done為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“要求某人做某事或某事應(yīng)該被做”。pay attention to(doing)sth.“注意(做)某事”為固定搭配，to為介詞。綜上選D。 答案：D (2008江蘇黃橋綜合)It was recommended that passengers _ smoke during the flight. Anot Bneed not Cc

28、ould not Dwould not 解析：recommend作“推薦”之意時用陳述語氣；作“建議”之意時，其后的賓語從句或It is recommended that.句式中要用虛擬語氣，即“(should)動詞原形”。這句話的意思是：建議乘客在飛機飛行期間不要吸煙。 答案：A (3)當上述表示建議、要求、命令等的名詞做主語時，其后的表語從句和同位語從句也用虛擬語氣，用“should動詞原形”或只用動詞原形。如suggestion，advice，proposal，request，demand，requirement，order，idea等。例如： He made a suggestion

29、that the meeting(should)be held next week.他建議下周開會。 The orders were that we(should)stay where we were. 命令是我們?nèi)粤粼谠帯?這樣考過 (2007重慶檢測)Some of the members made a suggestion that a meeting_to solve all the problems we had in the experiment. Ashould hold Bmust be held Cbe held Dshould have been held 解析：句意為：

30、有一些成員提出建議，應(yīng)舉行一個會議來解決我們在實驗中遇到的所有問題?？疾榱嗣~suggestion的同位語從句，在動詞suggest(建議)名詞suggestion的同位語從句、表語從句中都用虛擬語氣，即“(should)動詞原形”，會議與舉行是被動關(guān)系，所以選擇C項。 答案：C (4)在主語從句中用以表示驚奇、惋惜、懷疑、不滿、理應(yīng)如此等時，也用虛擬語氣“should動詞原形(或完成形式)”，用于以下兩種結(jié)構(gòu)。 Its necessary/important/surprising/natural/ strange/ incredible(難以置信的).that.(用于這種句型的形容詞不是很多

31、，同學(xué)們掌握這幾個就夠了。) Its a pity/a shame/no wonder that.例如： It is important that we should learn from others. 我們應(yīng)該向別人學(xué)習(xí)，這是很重要的。 Its strange that he should have missed the train. 他竟然沒趕上火車，真是怪事。 Its a pity that he should not go with us. 真遺憾，他竟然不同我們一起去。 可能這樣考 Its necessary that some measures_to stop pollution

32、. Abe taken Bare taken Cshould take Dmust be taken 解析：常見句型為：Its necessary(important，strange，etc.).that.在that從句中的謂語動詞形式為“(should)動詞原形”。 答案：A 2wish 后的賓語從句 wish后的賓語從句表示不能實現(xiàn)的愿望。表示現(xiàn)在不能實現(xiàn)的愿望，從句中的謂語動詞用過去時；表示將來不能實現(xiàn)的愿望，從句中的謂語動詞用“could/would/might動詞原形”；表示過去不能實現(xiàn)的愿望，從句中的謂語動詞用“had過去分詞”或“could/would/mighthave過去分詞

33、”。例如： I wish I were/was as strong as you. 我希望像你一樣健壯。(與現(xiàn)在事實相反) I wish he could go with us tomorrow. 但愿明天他能同我們一起去。(與將來事實相反) I wish I had never met him. 我希望我從未遇見他。(與過去事實相反) 這樣考過 (濰坊模擬)How I wish I _ my mouth before I shouted at my mum! Ashut Bhave shut Chad shut Dwould shut 解析：在wish引導(dǎo)的從句中，對過去的假設(shè)用過去完成時。

34、 答案：C (2008江蘇四市聯(lián)考)Did you attend Toms birthday party at the Grand Hotel? I wish I _.But I _ an English lecture in the school hall. Ahave; gave Bdid; have given Cdo; had given Dhad; was giving 解析：wish賓語從句要用虛擬語氣。表示現(xiàn)在不能實現(xiàn)的愿望：wishthat主語were/did；表示過去沒有實現(xiàn)的愿望；wishthat主語had done。這句話的意思是：“你參加了湯姆在大酒店舉行的生日聚會了嗎

35、？”“我多希望我去了。但我當時在學(xué)校禮堂里作英語報告。”從答語中第二句對事實的描述所用的時態(tài)判斷，表示的是與過去事實相反的假設(shè)。因此答案為D項。 答案：D 3would rather 后的賓語從句 虛擬語氣用在would rather，had rather，would as soon，would sooner之后的賓語從句中，表示“希望，寧愿”，表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼那闆r，謂語動詞用過去時；表示過去的情況，謂語動詞用過去完成時。例如： Id rather you didnt do it.我寧愿你不去做這件事。 Id rather you came tomorrow.我寧愿你明天來。 I had ra

36、ther you hadnt told her the news. 你要是沒把那個消息告訴她就好了。 這樣考過 (青島檢測)My uncle suggests I _ abroad. I would rather you _ at home. Ago; stay Bwent; stayed Cgo; stayed Dwent; stay 解析：考查虛擬語氣。第一句中suggest表示“建議”，后接從句時用虛擬語氣(should)do，所以選擇go；第二句中考查句式“would rather that sb.did sth.”表示虛擬語氣的用法，所以選擇stayed。 答案：C (2008哈爾濱

37、九中)Who would you rather _ outing for the picnic on Saturday afternoon with you？Have you decided yet? If Jane is free，Id like to go with her. Awent Bgo Cto go Dhave gone 解析：would rather后接句子，是虛擬語氣的一種表達，該句謂語動詞用一般過去式。 答案：A 4It is(high)time(that).之后的賓語從句 虛擬語氣用在it is(high或about)time(that)的句型中，賓語從句中的謂語動詞用過

38、去時，有時也可以用“should動詞原形(should不能省略)”，意為“(早)該”。例如： Its time you went to bed.你該睡覺了。 Its high time that we went/should go home. 該是我們回家的時候了。 這樣考過 (景德鎮(zhèn)模擬)What courses are you going to take next semester if you want to receive enough credits to get your degree? I dont know.But its about time _ on something.

39、AId decide BI decided CI decide DIm deciding 解析：由句型It is about time I did sth.或I should do sth.(我該干某事了)知選B。 答案：B (2008寧夏中衛(wèi)模擬)Its already 6 oclock now.Dont you think its time _？ Awe are going home Bwe go home Cwe went home Dwe can go home 解析：Its time sb.did sth.這是兩個固定的虛擬語氣句型。這句話的意思是：現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)六點了。難道你不認為到了我

40、們回家的時間了嗎？ 答案：C 5as if/though，even if/though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句 as if/though(似乎、好像、仿佛)，even if(though)(即使，就算)引導(dǎo)的表語從句或方式狀語從句要用虛擬語氣。如果從句表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反，謂語動詞用過去時(be動詞用were)，表示與過去事實相反，謂語動詞用“had過去分詞”，表示與將來事實相反，謂語動詞用“would/could/might 動詞原形”。例如： She treats Kate as if she were her own daughter. 她對待凱特就像對待親生女兒一般。(與現(xiàn)在事實相反) They

41、talked as if they had been friends for years.他們說話很親熱，就像多年的老朋友似的。(與過去事實相反) Even if/Even though he were here，he wouldnt be able to help you.即使他在這里，也不能幫助你。(與現(xiàn)在事實相反) Nothing could have saved your father even if/even though the doctor had arrived in time.即使醫(yī)生及時到來，也未必救得了你父親。(與過去事實相反) as if/though引導(dǎo)的從句與事實相

42、反，用虛擬語氣，但有時與事實相近、相符，此時不用虛擬語氣。例如： It looks as if it is going to rain. 看來要下雨了。(真的要下雨) 這樣考過 (2008山東威海質(zhì)檢)You understand not only what the rule says but what it means，as if you yourself _ it. Amake Bmade Chave made Dhad made 解析：as if/as though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句有時用虛擬語氣，表明與事實相反的情況。as if從句的謂語動詞用were/did，表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反；用had

43、 done，表示與過去事實相反。這句話的意思是：你不但理解規(guī)則所說的內(nèi)容，而且理解它的含義，好像是你親自制定的。由句意可知，規(guī)則已經(jīng)制定出來，所以是表示與過去事實相反的假設(shè)。故答案為D項。 答案：D 6用于 if only 開頭的句子中 在if only引起的表示愿望的感嘆句中要用虛擬語氣(和 wish 后賓語從句謂語動詞的形式一樣)，意為“但愿”“要是就好了”。例如： If only I were ten years younger. 我要是年輕10歲就好了。 If only I had listened to her advice. 我要是聽了她的建議多好。 Oh，if only he w

44、ould come！要是他能來就好了！ If only that photograph werent missing. 那張相片要是沒丟該多好??！ 這樣考過 (東北三校聯(lián)考)Why do you look so upset? I broke up with my girlfriend.If only I _ more about her. Acare Bcared Chad cared Dhad been cared 解析：考查虛擬語氣。If only表示“要是就好了”，后面的句子要用虛擬語氣。表示與過去的事實相反的情況時，謂語動詞用had done的形式。因此，C項正確。 答案：C 單項填空

45、 1Were you in time for the lecture? If I_told earlier，I would have. Ahad been Bwas Cwere to be Dshould be 答案與解析：A本題考查與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣，根據(jù)此題的邏輯關(guān)系，應(yīng)該用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。 2If I_plan to do anything I wanted to，Id like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible. Awould Bcould Chad to Dought to 答案與解析：

46、B根據(jù)句意和時態(tài)可知，此句表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬語氣，因此此處應(yīng)用can的過去式could。can在此處的意義為“可能，能夠”。 3But for your help，we_such a good chance. Acouldnt have got Bcouldnt get Ccant get Dcant have 答案與解析：A此處表示與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣，But for your help相當于“If we hadnt got your help”，因此后面的主句要用情態(tài)動詞have done。 4He insisted that his suggestion_right and w

47、e _the plan into practice as soon as possible. Awas; put Bwas; must put Cshould be; should put Dshould be; put 答案與解析：A前面“堅持說”自己的建議是對的，故不用虛擬語氣，后面表示他“要求”我們把計劃付諸實踐，故需用虛擬語氣，should可省略。 5His suggestion is that the harvest_in before the rainy season comes.Abe got Bget Cshould get Dgot 答案與解析：Asuggestion作主語，

48、后面that引導(dǎo)表語從句，故應(yīng)用shoulddo。但表語從句的主語harvest是動作的承受者，因此應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)，此處省略了should。 6Its useless envying others their success.Its time you _hard.Amust work Bwere to work Cwork Dworked 答案與解析：D此處表示對將來的建議，故要用動詞的過去式或shoulddo。 7Dont you think it necessary that he_to Miami but to New York? I agree，but the problem is_he

49、 has refused to. Awill not be sent; that Bnot be sent; that Cshould not be sent; what Dshould not send; what 答案與解析：B問句是its necessary that.句式，故should可省略，根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系，此處應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)；答句考查表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，引導(dǎo)詞本身無意義，也不作成分，故只能用that。 8How nice it_if I_a sister like you! Awas; had Bwould be; had had Cwould have been; had Dwould

50、 be; had 答案與解析：D根據(jù)語境判斷，“我”希望有一個像對方一樣的妹妹，但事實上沒有。因此本題考查與現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬語氣，主句用woulddo，從句用動詞的過去式。 9Jim would rather we _ now，but we must go to work. Anot leave Bhad not left Cdidnt leave Dnot to be left 答案與解析：C本題考查would rather中虛擬語氣的使用。其后從句中謂語動詞要用過去式。 10I have succeeded in solving this problem. _my advice，you

51、_ a great deal of difficulty with it. AIf you hadnt taken; would have had BIf you didnt take; would have CHadnt you taken; would have DIf you didnt take; will have had 答案與解析：A考查虛擬語氣的用法。從題干中的第一句話(have succeeded.)可以判斷，下文是對過去發(fā)生事情的虛擬，所以從句應(yīng)用過去完成時，即用“if主語had過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，也可以把had提前，省略if。主句虛擬過去的情況，用would have don

52、e。 11Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion.Otherwise，she_something she would regret later. Ahad said Bsaid Cmight say Dmight have said 答案與解析：D依據(jù)前句句意，可知講述的是對過去事實相反的內(nèi)容。otherwise暗含了一種條件，等于if Jane hadnt walked away from the discussion。 12Without the air to hold some of the suns heat，the earth a

53、t night _，too cold for us to live. Awould be freezing cold Bwill be freezing coldly Cwould be frozen cold Dcan freeze coldly 答案與解析：Awithout表示的是與現(xiàn)在情況相反的假設(shè)，等于If there were not the air.。freezing cold為固定用法，表示“極冷”。 13Suddenly came an order that the enemys defence works _. Abe destroyed Bshould destroy Cw

54、ould be destroyed Dwould destroy 答案與解析：A在order的同位語從句中也需用虛擬語氣，謂語動詞用“should動詞原形”或直接用動詞原形。同時此句中又表示被動含義。 14If only we_the summer vacation together last year! Awould spend Bwould have spent Chave spent Dhad spent 答案與解析：Dif onlyI wish(但愿)，表達說話人的強烈愿望。謂語動詞用一般過去時表示現(xiàn)在沒有實現(xiàn)的愿望，用過去完成時表示過去沒有實現(xiàn)的愿望，常譯為“要是就好了”。 15I

55、didnt know your mobile phone number；otherwise I _ you the second I got to Changsha. Ahad rung Bwould ring Cshould have rung Dwould have rung 答案與解析：D本題考查虛擬語氣在條件句中的運用。otherwise相當于說：“If I had known your mobile phone number，I.”，當對過去情況進行虛擬時，主句要用would have done結(jié)構(gòu)。 16Were they still in Shanghai，Mr White_th

56、em. Amight see Bmight have seen Cmay have seen Dwould have seen 答案與解析：Awere they still in Shanghaiif they were still in Shanghai，由此可知，是對現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè)。 17Would you come and join them? I wish I_.But I am busy at this moment. Acant Bcouldnt Ccould Dcan 答案與解析：C答案could后省略了join them。 18Its a pity that he _ so c

57、areless. Awas Bwill be Cshould be Dcan be 答案與解析：CIt is a pity/a shame/no wonder/.that從句，表示驚訝、喜悅、惋惜、遺憾等語氣，主語從句中的謂語動詞用(should)動詞原形的形式。 19Sally _ to come swimming with us. What a shame she had to take a test! Awould love Bwould have loved Cshould love Dshould have loved 答案與解析：Bwould love“愿意”；would have

58、 loved“本愿意”；should love“愿意”；should have loved“本應(yīng)該愿意而事實上并不愿意”。由“What a shame she had to take a test”中的時態(tài)可知，Sally當時要參加考試。所以是本來愿意去游泳而事實上并未能去，與過去事實相反。句意：Sally本來愿意跟我們來游泳的。太遺憾了，她當時不得不參加考試。 20We are all for your proposal that the discussion _. Abe put off Bwas put off Cshould put off Dis to put off 答案與解析：A在advice，demand，order，request，suggestion，proposal，requirment，recommendation等名詞后的表語從句和同位語從句中，謂語動詞用should動詞原形”。