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1、語法專題(五)名詞性從句 一、引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞 1連接代詞和連接副詞在句中不是疑問詞，從句中要用陳述語序。 2連接代詞和連接副詞在句中充當(dāng)句子成分；連接詞whether，if，as if在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分，只起連接作用；連接詞that在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分，且無含義，有時(shí)可省略。 這樣考過 (綿陽診斷)It doesnt matter to me _ I miss my train，because theres another one later. AthatBif Cunless Dwhen 解析：if“如果”，表?xiàng)l件。句意為：如果我趕不上這班火車，也沒有關(guān)系，因?yàn)榻酉聛磉€有一班。

2、unless“除非”；when“當(dāng)時(shí)候”。 答案：B (北京東城區(qū))_ Obama was elected president of the USA is a big success for the blacks in America. A/ BThat CWhat DAs 解析：that引導(dǎo)主語從句。 答案：B 3whether和if的區(qū)別： (1)whether和if在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)一般可以通用。 這樣考過 (北京)At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see _ it got a

3、ny better. Awhen BHow Cwhy Dif 解析：句意：一開始他不喜歡這份新工作，但還是決定給自己幾個(gè)月的時(shí)間來看一看是否情況會(huì)有好轉(zhuǎn)。此題考查賓語從句。D項(xiàng)表示“是否”，符合題意。 答案：D (2)后面直接跟or或or not時(shí)，只能用whether。 這樣考過 (2010廈門雙十中學(xué))Dad，Ive finished my assignment. Good，and _ you play or watch TV，you mustnt disturb me. Ano matter Bwhenever Cwhatever Dwhether 答案：D (3)在介詞之后引導(dǎo)賓語從句

4、時(shí)，只用whether。 這樣考過 (2006江蘇)We havent settled the question of_it is necessary for him to study abroad. Aif Bwhere Cwhether Dthat 解析：所填連詞和后面句子一起作介詞of的賓語，后面句中有地點(diǎn)狀語，故B不正確，作介詞的賓語，應(yīng)用whether。 答案：C (4)用if會(huì)引起歧義時(shí)，用whether： Please let me know if you want to go. 請通知我你是否想來。/如果你想來請通知我。 Please let me know whether y

5、ou want to go. 請通知我你是否想來。 可能這樣考 Imagine you are in the situation，and discuss_you should do something at once. Athat Bwhat Cif Dwhether 解析：注意區(qū)別if和whether的用法；discuss后的賓語從句不能用if引導(dǎo)。 答案：D (5)其他幾種只用whether的情況：引導(dǎo)表語從句、同位語從句和讓步狀語從句時(shí)；引導(dǎo)主語從句置于句首時(shí)；后接動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)。 可能這樣考 _ it is necessary to study the proposals for sev

6、eral more months before making a decision is to be debated. AWhether BIf CWhat DThat 解析：此處為whether引導(dǎo)的主語從句。 答案：A 4what，which，who，when，where，how等與whatever，whichever，whoever，whenever，wherever，however等引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別： 后者引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句不含有疑問意義，而前者引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句都含有疑問意義。 這樣考過 (北京西城區(qū))Hi，Peter.You seem to have gained a lot of

7、 weight. Well，good food，not enough exercise.Thats _ I got fat. Ahow Bwhen Cwhat Dwhether 解析：上文提到Peter你似乎體重增加了，Peter回答說，是的，吃好的，缺乏鍛煉，這就是我怎么長胖的。 答案：A (邢臺(tái)模擬)_ student you are，you cant work out the problem in such a short time. AWhatever clever BHowever clever CHowever clever a DWhatever clever a 解析：howe

8、ver clever awhatever a clever.故選C. 答案：C 5whatever，whichever，whoever，whenever，wherever，however等與no matter what，no matter which，no matter who，no matter when，no matter where，no matter how的區(qū)別：前者既可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句；而“no matter疑問詞”只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。 這樣考過 (湖南)She is very dear to us.We have been prepared to do

9、_ it takes to save her life. Awhichever Bhowever Cwhatever Dwhoever 解析：句意：她是我們心愛的寶貝。我們準(zhǔn)備不惜一切代價(jià)挽救她的生命。whateveranything that，連接賓語從句，兼作takes的賓語。 答案：C (2006山東)_ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships. ANo matter what BNo matter which CWhatever DWhichever 解析：句意：在周六的比賽上無論哪個(gè)隊(duì)贏都

10、將直接去參加全國冠軍聯(lián)賽。根據(jù)句意應(yīng)該排除A、C無論什么。A項(xiàng)只可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，C既引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，也可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。同理B項(xiàng)no matter which只引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。D項(xiàng)既可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句又可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句“無論哪一個(gè)”。根據(jù)題意，故選D項(xiàng)。 答案：D 二、主語從句 1由what，whatever，whoever等引導(dǎo)的主語從句，必須置于謂語動(dòng)詞之前，不能用it作形式主語。 這樣考過 (2010濰坊測試)_，youll never be able to persuade him. ANo matter how good advice you give BHowever g

11、ood advice do you give CNo matter what good you give advice DWhatever good advice you give答案：答案：D (2010浙江三校聯(lián)考)Im stuck with this problem；you may ask _ knows better than I. Aanyone Bno matter who Cwho Dwhoever 答案：D (北京宣武區(qū))_ annoyed him most was that he had received no apology. AHow BWhy CWhat DWhich

12、解析：句意為，最讓他煩心的是：還沒有人向他道過歉。 答案：C 2.由that引導(dǎo)的主語從句，that不充當(dāng)句子成分，其引導(dǎo)的主語從句，通常用it作形式主語。 這樣考過 (2006浙江)_ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger，more prosperous economy. AAs BThat CThis DIt 解析：本題考查It is 表語(形、名)that 引導(dǎo)的主語從句。答案：答案：D 3由which，when，where，whether等引導(dǎo)的主語從句，可置于謂語動(dòng)詞前，也可用it

13、作形式主語。 特例：如果主句是疑問句，就只能用it作形式主語。如： Hasnt it been decided yet when and where well hold the sports meeting? 還沒有決定我們將會(huì)在什么時(shí)候和地點(diǎn)舉行運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)嗎？ 這樣考過 (北京崇文區(qū))_ really makes me angry when I see people dropping litter. AThat BAs CWhat DIt 解析：此題考查形式主語it的用法it代替when引導(dǎo)的從句做形式主語。 答案：D 4幾種常見的含主語從句句型的譯法： (1)Its said that.，據(jù)說

14、 (2)Its written that.，據(jù)記載 (3)Its reported that.，據(jù)報(bào)導(dǎo) (4)Its well known that.，眾所周知 (5)It(so)happens that.，碰巧 這樣考過 (2008成都)Albert Einstein is said _to play the violin in order to relax himself when tired. Ato have learnt Bto be learning Cto learn Dlearning 解析：此句是“It is said that Albert Einstein had lea

15、rnt to play the violin in order to relax himself when(he was)tired.”的另外一種表達(dá)形式。B項(xiàng)表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；C項(xiàng)表示陳述現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)；而愛因斯坦已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了拉小提琴，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是結(jié)果，因此這兩項(xiàng)不正確。答案：答案：A (2010撫順六校二模擬)_ was known to us all that Johnson had broken his promise _ he would give each of us a small gift. AAs; which BWhat; that CIt; that DIt; which 答案：C

16、 三、賓語從句 1作動(dòng)詞的賓語 (1)由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句(that通常可以省略)。但是有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時(shí)，只能省略第一個(gè)賓語從句的連詞that。 I heard(that)he had graduated. 這樣考過 (湖南瀏陽一中)The data shows _ successful people have in common is _ they have perseverance. Athat that; that Bthat what; that Cwhat that; what Dall that; because 答案：B (2007湖南)Having

17、checked the doors were closed，and _all the lights were off，the boy opened the door to his bedroom. Awhy Bthat Cwhen Dwhere 解析：check 后面有兩個(gè)賓語從句，后一個(gè)賓語從句的that 不能省。that在句中不作任何成分。 答案：B (2)由what、whether/if等引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。 這樣考過 (桂平模擬) Fangfang seems lost in thought over there. Yes，she is thinking _ she will work i

18、n Beijing or in her hometown after graduation. AthatBwhether CwhichDhow 解析：由句中的“or”知選B，構(gòu)成結(jié)構(gòu)whether.or.是還是。其他選項(xiàng)不合語境。 答案：B (成都檢測)While traveling in Sichuan，you cant miss _ people call“The National Treasure”Giant Panda. Athat Bit Cwhat Dwhich 解析：本題中的動(dòng)詞miss后接了一個(gè)賓語從句，又由于動(dòng)詞call后需要接雙賓語，故選用what在該賓語從句中充當(dāng)賓語從句

19、中動(dòng)詞call的(直接)賓語。 答案：C (3)動(dòng)詞間接賓語賓語從句。 這樣考過 (2006全國)Please remind me_ he said he was going.I may be in time to see him off. Awhere Bwhen Chow Dwhat 解析：根據(jù)后面的句意：“我可能要為他送行”推測說話人所關(guān)心的應(yīng)是“何時(shí)動(dòng)身”，故選when一詞。 答案：B (2005重慶)The old ladys hand shook frequently.She explained to her doctor_ this shaking had begun half

20、a year before，and_，only because of this，she had been forced to give up her job. Awhen; how Bhow; when Chow; how Dwhy; why 解析：由句中給出的時(shí)間狀語half a year before 可知不能再選含有when的選項(xiàng)，故排除A、B兩項(xiàng)，這位老太太是在向醫(yī)生說明情況，故她自己并不知道手哆嗦的原因，故可排除D項(xiàng) why。正由于手哆嗦，她又是怎樣被迫放棄了工作。 答案：C 2作介詞的賓語 這樣考過 (湖南湘潭中學(xué))When she was awake，she found that

21、 she was standing on _ seemed to be a piece of stone. Athat Bwhich Cwhat Dit 解析：stand on后接賓語從句，賓語從句缺少引導(dǎo)詞兼主語，that引導(dǎo)的從句一般不作介詞賓語，it不引導(dǎo)賓語從句，which必須給定選擇范圍才能用。 答案：C (2010湖南師大附中)Getting good marks is about _ to prepare for and to write exams but not just about _ facts you know. Awhat; what Bhow; that Chow;

22、 what Dwhat; which 答案：C 這樣考過 3.that很少在介詞的后面引導(dǎo)賓語從句，只在except，but，besides和in之后才用。 (福州八中)The suit fitted him well _ the color was a little brighter. A.except for Bexcept that Cexcept when Dbesides that 解析：except that/ when從句(除以外)；except for(除之外)，用來表示從某一細(xì)節(jié)方面來修正前面概括性的說法，其后的賓語一般與句子所涉及的東西不屬于同類；beside(除之外，還有

23、)其后不加句子。由句意：這身衣服他穿很合體，就是顏色有點(diǎn)艷。綜上，選B。答案：答案：B 還可能這樣考 Advertising is distinguished from other forms of communication _ the advertiser pays for the message to be delivered. Ain that Bin which Cin order that Din the way 解析：本句中，介詞in的作用是指在某一方面與其他形式的communication的不同，that引導(dǎo)的從句作介詞的賓語。 答案：A 4介詞之后的賓語從句一般不用which

24、或if連接，要用what或whether。 這樣考過 (柳州模擬)After _ seemed an endless wait，it was his turn to have the interview. Awhat Bthat Cwhen Dwhich 解析：what為關(guān)系代詞指代后面的it，作介詞after的賓語。 答案：A 5某些表語形容詞(如sure，certain，glad，surprised等)之后也可帶賓語從句。 這樣考過 (2006湖南)With his work completed，the businessman stepped back to his seat，feelin

25、g pleased_ he was a man of action. Awhich Bthat Cwhat Dwhether 解析：這句話的意思是，這個(gè)生意人完成了工作后，就回到座位上，高興的是自己是一個(gè)雷厲風(fēng)行的人，feel/be pleased that為固定句式。 答案：B 四、表語從句 1在復(fù)合句中作主句的表語，位于主句系動(dòng)詞之后。 2表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞與主語從句相同，另外還有as if/as though(似乎，好像)及because等。 注意：引導(dǎo)表語從句表原因，只能用because，不可用as，since： This is because he loves arts.這是因?yàn)樗麩釔?/p>

26、藝術(shù)。 主句主語是reason時(shí)，表語從句引導(dǎo)詞用that，不用because： The reason why he was late was that he missed the first bus.他遲到的原因是沒趕上頭班車。 這樣考過 (浙江臺(tái)州中學(xué))The reason _ Sun Haiping explained _ Liu Xiangs quitting the competition was _ Lius leg hurt badly. Awhy; to; that Bwhy; for; that Cthat; for; because Dthat; for; that 答案：

27、D (2008桂林十八中)Great changes have taken place in that factory.It is no longer _ it was 20 years ago，_ it was so poorly equipped. Awhat; when Bthat; which Cwhat; which Dwhich; that 解析：what引導(dǎo)表語從句，when引導(dǎo)定語從句。 答案：A (啟東中學(xué))You see，Im poor in maths；you are not good at English，and. Thats _ we should help each

28、 other. Awhen Bwhere Chow Dwhat 解析：由句意：你知道，我數(shù)學(xué)差，你英語差。這正是我們應(yīng)該互相幫助的地方。where引導(dǎo)一個(gè)表語從句，并作從句的地點(diǎn)狀語。 答案：B 五、同位語從句 1在句中作某一名詞的同位語。一般位于該詞(如news，fact，idea，suggestion，promise，information，order，hope，truth，question等)之后，說明其具體內(nèi)容。 I have no idea when he will be back. 我不知道他什么時(shí)候回來。 (when he will be back作名詞idea的同位語) (南通

29、調(diào)研)A warm thought suddenly came to me _ I might substitute the hero to buy some flowers for his mothers 60th birthday. Aif Bwhen CThat Dwhich 解析：that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句用來說明a warm thought，由于謂語部分短小，形成了分隔式情況，that在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分。 答案：C這樣考過這樣考過 (浙江)Is there any possibility _ you could pick me up at the airport? No probl

30、em. Awhen Bthat Cwhether Dwhat 解析：句意：你到機(jī)場來接我行嗎？沒問題。that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，說明possibility的內(nèi)容。 答案：B (江西)The fact has worried many scientists _ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years. Awhat Bwhich Cthat Dthough 解析：句意：近年來全球氣候不斷變暖，這一事實(shí)使得很多科學(xué)家感到擔(dān)擾。本題考查同位語從句。該題同位語從句結(jié)構(gòu)完整，故選連詞that。 答案：C (四川)News came from t

31、he school office _ Wang Lin had been admitted to Bejing University. Awhich Bwhat Cthat Dwhere 解析：句意：學(xué)校辦公室傳出了王琳已經(jīng)被北京大學(xué)錄取的消息。這是一道考查同位語從句的題目，that引導(dǎo)的從句是news的同位語。 答案：C 2同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別 “that完整句子”具有同位性質(zhì)，“that不完整句子”構(gòu)成定語從句：that作為關(guān)系代詞，可以引導(dǎo)定語從句，充當(dāng)句子成分，在從句中作賓語時(shí)可以省略；that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)，起連詞的作用，沒有實(shí)際意義，不充當(dāng)句子成分，一般不能省略。 The

32、suggestion(that)he raised at the meeting is very good.(that引導(dǎo)定語從句，作賓語，可以省略) The suggestion that the students(should)have plenty of exercise is very good.(that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，不能省略) 這樣考過 (江西名校信息卷)The moment _ Leo will never forget is _ Mr.Green gave him a lot of valuable advice on how to improve his writing.

33、A/; when B.that; that Cwhen; that Dwhen; where 解析：由第一空應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞the moment，且在定語從句中作forget的賓語，that可以省略；第二空選引導(dǎo)表語從句的連接詞when，并在表語從句中作時(shí)間狀語。故選A。 答案：A (晉江聯(lián)考)The news came，as expected，_ my cousin was chosen to be a foreign aid doctor to go to Africa where people are suffering a lot from AIDS. Ait Bt

34、hat Cwhat Dwhich 解析：as expected相當(dāng)于as was expected，是插入成分。that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句修飾the news。 答案：B 3suggestion，order，command，advice，demand等詞的同位語從句和表語從句須用虛擬語氣，謂語用“should動(dòng)詞原形”，其中should可以省略。 這樣考過 (陜西質(zhì)檢)Our suggestion is that the central bank _ the interest rate for a second time. Anot raise Bdoesnt raise Cwont raise

35、 Dshant raise 解析：主語suggestion后的同位語從句或表語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞用虛擬語氣，即從句謂語動(dòng)詞用should動(dòng)詞原形，should可以省略，選A。 答案：A .單項(xiàng)填空 1His parents try to do everything for him. Thats _ they are mistaken. Awhere Bwhen Chow Dwherever 答案與解析：A考查表語從句的連接詞。根據(jù)語法知識可知，“_ they are mistaken”為表語從句，且they are mistaken不缺成分，故橫線處應(yīng)為連接副詞，根據(jù)題意“那就是他們的錯(cuò)誤之所在”

36、可知，A項(xiàng)正確。 2_ I know about this competition is that it is held every two years. AThat BWhat CAs DHow 答案與解析：B考查主語從句。主語從句中缺少賓語，所以用what。 3Word has gone around _ more university graduates will be employed by the company. Awhat Bwhich Cthat Dwhether 答案與解析：C考查名詞性從句。that引導(dǎo)的從句與主語word構(gòu)成同位語的關(guān)系。 4After months of

37、 voyage，Columbus arrived in _ later proved a new continent. Awhere Bwhat Cwhich Dthat 答案與解析：B考查名詞性從句。從句中可以看出介詞in后面的從句中缺少主語，因此選擇what，并充當(dāng)介詞in的賓語。 5The book will be given to _ wins the first prize. Aanyone Bwho Cwhoever Dwhomever 答案與解析：C考查賓語從句。語境：誰拿到一等獎(jiǎng)，就把這本書給誰。分析句子成分可知，從空白處到句末為介詞to的賓語從句，因從句缺少主語，因此應(yīng)選wh

38、oever，相當(dāng)于anyone who。 6In his letter was his promise _ he would spend the Christmas Eve with me. Athat Bwhat Cwhich Dwhether 答案與解析：A考查同位語從句。語境：他在信中寫了要與我共度平安夜的諾言?？崭窈鬄橥徽Z從句，意義完整，故用that引導(dǎo)。 7Confidence and efforts are _ the international community needs now to counter the ongoing financial crisis. Awhy B

39、that Cwhat Dwhen 答案與解析：Cwhat引導(dǎo)表語從句且在從句中作賓語。句意為：為了迎對正在發(fā)生的國際金融危機(jī)，國際組織所需要的是信心和努力。 8Many people agree that _ there is a wall，there is a door. Ain which Bwhere Cwhich Dthat 答案與解析：Bwhere在題中引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語。 9California police discovered five people died in _ they said appeared to be a murder. Athat Bwhat Cwhere Dwh

40、ich 答案與解析：B空格處所填的詞為in的賓語，且作appeared to be a murder的主語，故用what。 10. My consideration is _ the financial crisis(危機(jī))in the USA will heavily influence China. Awhich Bif Cwhat Dwhy 答案與解析：Dwhy引導(dǎo)表語從句且在從句中表示原因，作狀語。A、C引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)需在其中作成分，if與語義不符。 11(2010長春調(diào)研)_ you have picked up，you must give it back to _ it belo

41、ngs to. AWhatever; whoever BWhat; no matter who CNo matter what; no matter who DWhatever; no matter who 答案：A 12A strange thing suddenly occurred to me in my childhood.It was _ I was ten. Awhile Bwhen Cas Duntil 答案與解析：B根據(jù)上下文知“當(dāng)時(shí)我十歲”，故用when引導(dǎo)表語從句。 13America was _ was first called“India”by Columbus. At

42、hat Bwhere Cwhat Dthe place 答案與解析：Cwhat引導(dǎo)表語從句，同時(shí)又充當(dāng)從句的主語。where也可以引導(dǎo)表語從句，但不能作主語；that只引導(dǎo)從句，但不充當(dāng)句子成分。此句中whatthe place that。 14The professor in the end decided to give the prize to _ he believed had a good command of English. Awho Banyone Cwhoever Dwhomever 答案與解析：C考查代詞。句意為：教授最后決定給任何英語學(xué)得好的人頒發(fā)獎(jiǎng)品。whoever既作

43、了to的賓語，同時(shí)作了had a good command of English的主語，whoeveranyone who/the person who，可在句中作主語或賓語，也可同時(shí)既作主語又作賓語，此處he believed是插入語，whomever是whoever的賓格形式，在句中作賓語，通?？捎蓋hoever來代替。例如：She gave a smile to whoever/whomever she met in the street. 15Nowadays teachers tend to be more dependent on _ is thought to be a grea

44、t teaching aidthe computer. Athat Bwhich Cwhat Das 答案與解析：C考查名詞性從句。句意為：現(xiàn)如今許多教師更多地依賴于被認(rèn)為是教學(xué)幫手的電腦。連接代詞what引導(dǎo)賓語從句作介詞on的賓語，同時(shí)what在賓語從句中充當(dāng)主語。 16She has been in _ doctors describe as a vegetative(植物的)state for six years. Awhat Bwhich Cthat Dhow 答案與解析：A考查名詞性從句。所填詞作介詞in的賓語，同時(shí)作后面從句中describe的賓語，所以選擇what(相當(dāng)于som

45、ething that)。 17Determination is a kind of basic quality and is _ it takes to do jobs well. Awhat Bthat Cwhich Dwhy 答案與解析：A考查名詞性從句。本句考查表語從句，what引導(dǎo)表語從句，并在表語從句中作takes的賓語。 18Its thirty years since we last met. But I still remember the story，believe it or not，_ we got lost on a rainy night. Awhich Bthat

46、 Cwhat Dwhen 答案與解析：B考查同位語從句的用法。由于句中出現(xiàn)插入語，導(dǎo)致判斷失誤?？梢园丫渥诱Z序調(diào)整為“But believe it or not，I still remember the story _ we got lost on a rainy night”，這樣就容易判斷出“_ we got lost on a rainy night”是解釋story的具體內(nèi)容，是同位語從句，不是定語從句，可以排除A和D。同位語從句句子成分齊全，所以選擇B。本題容易誤選其他答案，主要是對句子結(jié)構(gòu)沒分析到位。 19A man who purchased _ he thought was an expensive dog was shocked to learn recently that this pet was actually an arctic fox. Athat Bwhich Cit Dwhat 答案與解析：D考查名詞性從句。根據(jù)題意：一個(gè)人買了只狗，原以為是名貴品種，最近卻驚訝地得知，這只寵物狗實(shí)際上是一只北極狐。what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句作purchase的賓語，在從句中作主語成分。本題的迷惑點(diǎn)是he thought，作插入語，對整個(gè)句子成分沒有影響。that在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，在從句中不作成分，所以不能選A。