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1、第十三節(jié) 句子的種類 按交際用途，可分為四類：陳述句、疑問句、感嘆句和祈使句。考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 1 陳述句陳述句1.概念：陳述一件事或表述一種看法。有肯定和否定兩種形式。2.否定句的結(jié)構(gòu)有四類： be動(dòng)詞后加not；其他助動(dòng)詞后加not，有have, has, had, will, shall, would, 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞；動(dòng)詞原形前加dont；動(dòng)詞三單形式前加doesnt, 動(dòng)詞用回原形。3.不帶not的否定句，即句中含有no (沒有)， no one, nobody (沒人)， nothing (沒有什么)， never (從來不)， little (少到幾乎沒有)， few (少到幾乎沒有)， ne

2、ither (兩者都沒有)， nor (兩者都沒有)， none (一個(gè)也沒有)， seldom (很少)，hardly (幾乎不)?？键c(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 1 陳述句陳述句 疑問句：提出問題。有以下四種：一般疑問句，特殊疑問句，選擇疑問句，反意疑問句。一、一般疑問句一、一般疑問句1.構(gòu)成：be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形+其他成分。2.回答：以yes作肯定回答，以no作否定回答。二、特殊疑問句二、特殊疑問句1.構(gòu)成：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句。2.回答：針對(duì)特殊疑問詞作答?？键c(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 2 疑問句疑問句3.【辨析】【辨析】how long & how often & how soon & how far Ho

3、w long have you lived in Zhuhai?For about fourteen years.How soon will your aunt come to Zhuhai?In two weeks. How often do you watch TV？Twice a week（一周兩次）.How far is it from here to the nearest supermarket?About ten minutes walk (十分鐘的路程).考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 2 疑問句疑問句【結(jié)論】【結(jié)論】How long: “多久時(shí)間”，針對(duì)時(shí)間長度提問，回答用for/about+一段

4、時(shí)間。How soon： “多久之后”，問句用一般將來時(shí)，回答用in+一段時(shí)間。How often: “多久一次”，針對(duì)頻率提問。How far: “多遠(yuǎn)”，針對(duì)距離提問?？键c(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 2 疑問句疑問句4.易用錯(cuò)的特殊疑問詞。What is your email address? . (此處不能用where提問)What is the price of the coat?（=How much is the coat?） Its 200 yuan.What subject do you like best? Math.What do you think of the film? Its great.

5、What is your opinion about the film? Its interesting.How do you like the film? Its terrific.考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 2 疑問句疑問句Whose book is over there? Its hers.Whats your sister like? She is tall and beautiful. （Whats）like? 問人或物怎樣）三、選擇疑問句三、選擇疑問句1.構(gòu)成：疑問句+or+選擇部分。2.回答：從所給的選項(xiàng)中擇一回答或全盤否定后給出新的選項(xiàng)。四、反意疑問句四、反意疑問句 1. 構(gòu)成：陳述句+簡短問句

6、；前肯后否，前否后肯?？键c(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 2 疑問句疑問句(1) 在反意疑問句中，little, few, hardly, seldom, nobody, nothing表否定意義，問句部分用肯定形式。There is little food in the fridge, is there?(2) 在反意疑問句中，否定前綴(un-, in-, im-, il-, dis-)和否定后綴(-less)表肯定意義，問句部分用否定形式。He looks unhappy, doesnt he?考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 2 疑問句疑問句2.回答：根據(jù)事實(shí)回答，情況是肯定的就用肯定回答，情況是否定的就用否定回答，不受陳述句部分的肯定

7、或者否定影響。如針對(duì)She didnt take part in the sports meeting提問。She took part in the sports meeting, didnt she?No, she didnt.She didnt take part in the sports meeting, did she?No, she didnt.考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 2 疑問句疑問句3.一些須熟記的固定搭配：Lets do something, shall we?Let us do something, will you?Dont do something, will you?Do somet

8、hing, will you? /wont you?考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 2 疑問句疑問句 感嘆句通常由what, how引導(dǎo)，表示贊美、驚嘆、喜悅等感情。 What修飾名詞，how修飾形容詞、副詞或者整個(gè)句子。1. What + (a/an)+ adj.+ n.+(主+謂)?。~可以是單數(shù)名詞，復(fù)數(shù)名詞，不可數(shù)名詞）What a good boy (he is)！ What good boys (they are)! What good weather (it is)!考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 3 感嘆句感嘆句考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 3 感嘆句感嘆句2. How+ adj./adv.+(主+謂)！How good the boy

9、is!How good the weather is!3. How+句子！How time flies! 時(shí)間過得真快啊！考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 4 祈使句祈使句 祈使句通常用來表示命令、請(qǐng)求、建議、或 勸告等，主語省略。1.構(gòu)成：肯定句：動(dòng)詞原形/be動(dòng)詞開頭。否定句：Dont+動(dòng)詞原形/be動(dòng)詞2.肯定祈使句和否定祈使句的答語。Remember to bring your homework to school tomorrow. OK, I will.Dont forget to bring your homework to school tomorrow. OK, I wont.考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 4 祈使句祈使句3.?？嫉膸硎咕涞膬蓚€(gè)句型。Do sth., and youll 做某事，你就會(huì)Do sth., or youll 做某事，否則你就會(huì)Work hard, and youll pass the exam.= If you work hard, youll pass the exam.Work hard, or youll fail the exam.= If you dont work hard, youll fail the exam.