高樓逃生器設(shè)計【含SW三維和CAD圖紙】,含SW三維和CAD圖紙,高樓,逃生,設(shè)計,SW,維和,CAD,圖紙 畢業(yè)論文：外文翻譯 畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計）外文翻譯 學 院： 專 業(yè)： 班 級： 學 　 號： 學生姓名： 指導教師： 二○ 年 月 Automatic fire alarm system based on MCU Abstract: The paper introduced an automatic warehouse fire a1arm system based on MCU. The system was mainly made up of ATmega16, temperature sensors, smoke sensors, and EX-1 auto dialed alarm module. In the system, temperature signals were transformed to serial data, and smoke signals were transformed to voltage signals. All the data were processed by MCU. When the surveillance system checked fire in warehouse, alarm signal was turn on, meanwhile the messages were transmitted to managers through EX-1. Application of the system was convenient to deal with fire in-time, efficiently by warehouse manager. Keywords: fire alarm transducer;smoke sensor system;ATmega16;temperature transducer;smoke sensor I. INTRODUCTION Automatic fire alarm control system has experienced a process from the simple to the complex and intelligence system increasingly in China. The characteristic is automatic fire detection and alarm technology has a great progress along with computing and detection technology development. At present, automatic fire alarm control system was used in bulk storage plant, shopping malls, high-level office buildings, hotels and other places. They were used in a number of collections focused on one area of intelligent alarm control method with higher levels of bus-type alarm control system, and in some residential areas and commercial buildings were installed by a single automatic fire alarm detection device. These alarm detection devices fail to report sometimes, or misinformation. Its reliability is not high because of using single sensor. Therefore, it is needed to develop a simple structure, low cost, high reliability, fast responding, automatic fire detection system. II. GENERAL PROJECT OF THE SYSTEM The hardware block diagram shown in Figure 1, hardware by temperature sensors, smoke sensors, signal processing module, MCU modules and automatic alarm module. Non electrical quantity that is through the sensing element sensors (smoke sensors and temperature sensors) will be on-site temperature, smoke and other non-electrical signal into an electrical signal, as well as signals for signal processing to convert analog quantity to digital quantity. Finally, the sampled data were processed and compared with the limits by MCU system. This system can produce local and remote auto-alarm signals. Temperature Ionization Transducer smoke detector signal processing PD0 PD1 SCM auto alarm module T ephoneel Inter f ace … Figure 1. Automatic fire alarm system structure Ⅲ. THE HARDWARE COMPONENTS A. Atmega16 The system used by the U.S. Atmel’s microcontroller ATmega16 microcontroller. ATmega16 is based on the AVR RISC architecture to enhance low-power 8-bit CMOS microcontroller. Because of its advanced instruction set and a single clock cycle instruction execution time, ATmega16 data throughput of up to 1 MIPS / MHz. Thereby mitigate the system in the power and the contradiction between the processing rate. ATmega16 has the following characteristics: 16K bytes in-system programmable Flash (with the ability to read and write at the same time, that is, RWW), 512 bytes EEPROM, 1K bytes SRAM, 32 general-purpose I / O port lines, 32 general-purpose working registers, for the JTAG boundary scan interface, support the on-chip debugging and programming, 3 has a more flexible mode of timer / counter (T / C), chip internal / external interrupts, programmable serial USART, there are initial conditions detector universal serial interface, 8-channel 10-bit with optional differential input stage programmable gain (TQFP package) of the ADC, with on-chip oscillator of programmable watchdog timer, an SPI serial port, as well as six can be selected by software power-saving mode. The chip is based on Atmel high-density nonvolatile memory technology production on-chip ISP Flash allows the program memory through the ISP serial interface or a general-purpose programmer for programming; you can also run on the AVR core among the bootstrap to program. Boot program can use any interface to download the application to the Flash memory area (Application Flash Memory). Application of Flash storage area is updated when the boot Flash area (Boot Flash Memory) program continues to run, RWW operation achieved. ATmega16 to become a powerful microcontroller by 8-bit RISC CPU and the system programmable flash in a single chip, for many embedded control applications provides a flexible and cost-effective solution. ATmega16 has a set of programming and system development tools, including: C language compiler, macro assembler, program debugger / software emulator, emulators and evaluation boards. B. Temperature Sensor Temperature sensor manufactured by DALLAS Semiconductor DS18B20-type single intelligence temperature sensor, its performance features include: 1)This sensor have single-bus-specific technology, either through the serial port cable also through other I / O port lines and computer interfaces,without going through other conversion circuits Direct output measured temperature value (9-bit binary number, with sign bit). 2) Temperature range is -55 ℃ ~ +125 ℃, measurement resolution of 0. 0625 ℃. 3) Containing 64 as amended through the laser-read-only memory ROM. 4) Fit a variety of SCM or system machine. 5) Users can set separate ways each temperature upper and lower limit. 6) Includes parasitic power. DS18B20 and the main chip connection diagram shown in Figure 2: DS18B20 number one pin grounded, then on the 3rd pin high and the 2nd pin then a 5. 1K of the pull-up resistor, at the same time received a single output signal of the PD0 pin. Pull-up is to pull the uncertainty signal through a resistor embedded in the high places, resistance at the same time current－limited . Program from the DQ pin in high impedance state to ensure that the beginning, so that you can pull on the pull-up resistor to the high DQ. At the same time the main chip also can be an external site alarm buzzer. Figure 2. ds18b20 and the main chip connection diagram. C. Smoke Monitoring Module Smoke sensors choose HIS-07 ion smoke detectors when the flow through the inside and outside the ionization chamber ionization electron flow is unbalanced, collector charges current until the ionization balance. In a smoke-free or non-combustion, the collector being subject to the impact ionization current statistical fluctuation, the potential to maintain a balance. Ionization current have impact when the smoke into the ionization chamber, easily into the ionization chamber smoke outside than inside the ionization chamber of the affected, ionization current decline in and collector to re-charge until the new equilibrium potential, this potential change can be used to trigger the alarm circuit. Technical parameters such as Table 1. TABLE I.HIS-07 ION SMOKE SENSOR THCHNICAL DATA Table Head Table Column head Equilibrium potential collector 5.5±0.3V Collector potential with the smoke Reduced light rate of 1% / ft 0.6V Reduced light rate of 4% / ft 2.2V Capacitor 6PF Smoke signals are processed on the chip of choice is the Motorola company’s MC14468, MC14468 for DIP 16-pin package, contain oscillator, timer, latch, alarm control logic circuit, high input impedance comparator etc. When not detected smoke, MC14468 internal oscillator that oscillation cycle 1.67s. Each 1.67s cycle the internal power supply is provided to the work of the entire chip. It’s all kept detect any smoke in addition to LED flashes, battery voltage alarm and smoke alarm. The oscillator oscillation period becomes 40ms when the MC14448 Once detection smoke, this time piezoelectric buzzer driving circuit to start oscillation, start to be able to output to maintain the high 160 ms after the cessation of 80ms.Continued during the detection of smoke cessation of changes, at this time if not detected smoke beeper will not be issued a warning sound. In figure 3, the MC14468 1 pin joint PD1 pin of SCM when the ion chamber of the ion current as the scene of smoke detection and change, voltage change generation a weak side-spread seized 15, by the MC14468 internal logic processing circuit processing, the smoke is detected by 1 pin-out high microcontroller for processing. 13-pin then slide rheostat is set to facilitate detection sensitivity when the led flashes and the buzzer sounded a piercing sound of an audio alarm when the department has a fire alarm signal-based. In figure 3, the MC14468 1 pin joint PD1 pin of SCM when the ion chamber of the ion current as the scene of smoke detection and change, voltage change generation a weak side-spread seized 15, by the MC14468 internal logic processing circuit processing, the smoke is detected by 1 pin-out high microcontroller for processing. 13-pin then slide rheostat is set to facilitate detection sensitivity when the led flashes and the buzzer sounded a piercing sound of an audio alarm when the department has a fire alarm signal-based. Figure 3. Smoke detection circuit D. Auto-dial alarm module Dial-up alarm module choices are the EX-1 dial-up module is a DTMF signal receiving, storing, and sending as integration communications circuits. Module built-in microcontroller and dial-up management process can provide users with a variety of signal input and output ports, in security alarm, signal acquisition, automatic control, remote communication and information transmission areas such as flexible application. 5 groups can have cell phone or group of seven local telephone numbers are stored, power-down is not lost; Telephone line status detection, automatic fault signal output ;Telephone / external switching two kinds of dial-up state control; Trigger time, nine times loop dial preset numbers; To work independently, independent dial-up, do not rely on telephone and other external devices. EX-1 wiring diagram shown in figure 4, The PD4 pin to connect the main chip HTO , the module began to dial alarm when PD4 output high level signal, PD5 connection ON / OFF pin input is high level signal to open the dial-up settings, the input does not work when this pin become low, ERR pin connected to PD6 pin of MCU, PD6 output 1 begun to test whether the telephone line failure, READY pin connect MCU PD7 pin detection and alarm is completed, the alarm is end when PD7 pin is high . Figure 4. EX-1 wiring diagram IV. SOFIW AREDESIGN start ATmega16 Initialize N whether there are smoke signals? Y R0=1 collection temperature signal whether the N alarm value? Y R1=1 dial-up alarm READY=1? Y Figure 5. The main program flow chart Because in the early stages of fires and the smoldering phase will produce a large number of aerosol particles and smoke particles .In the stage of incipient fire substances in the combustion process produces a lot of heat, so should make the smoke sensor and temperature sensor used in conjunction, first with the smoke sensor detects whether there is smoke generation, then the temperature sensor detects the temperature, temperature sensor alarm value is set to 50 degrees. When the smoke is detected R0 is 1, not smoke R0 is 0. Then test the temperature when the temperature reaches the value of seasonal early warning R1 is 1, the value of seasonal temperature not to reach an early warning R1 to 0, at this time compared to the R0 and R1 is equal to the main chip when the dial-up alarm, if not equal is not to alarm re-tested. This smoke sensor and temperature sensor used in conjunction with greatly improved the reliability of detection to prevent the omission of false positives, program flow diagram shown in Figure 5. V. CONCLUSION By the cooperation of using of temperature and smoke sensors, through detecting the temperature and smoke on-site, the automatic alarm system could find any fire in warehouse and send the message to managers of warehouse in the early time by the form of short messages. So its application could greatly reduce fire losses and enhanced the safe reliability of warehouse more than the former single equipment of fire alarm, and prevent failing of reporting and misinformation. The system has a high reliability, low price and high sensitivity. REFERENCES [1] Shunning Miao,Guangming Xiong,Yongping Li etc.Automatic Fire Alarm System Design and Research, Equipment Manufacturing Technology, 2006(2), P909. [2] Liang Ge, Qi Cong. Intelligent Analysis of office building fire. [3] Ti Zhou. Building Fire System Design, Yunnan Construction,2008(6). [4] Honeywell (Honeywel1)'s construction equipment Monitoring System, Intelligent Building and City Information, 2008(4). [5] Derek Clements-Croome, Intelligent buildings: design, management and operation, Thomas Telford Publishing, 2004. [6]Zhang Huazhong, Commanding System of Fire Automatic Alarm and Fire Control Linkage based on Internet, Computer Engineering, 2001. [7] ANSI, Radiant Energy-Sensing Fire Detectors for Automatic Fire Alarm Signaling, US: ANSI/FMRC FM3260-2004. 基于單片機的火災自動報警系統(tǒng) 摘要：本文介紹了基于單片機的自動倉庫火災自動報警系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)主要由ATmega16的溫度傳感器，煙霧傳感器，EX-1自動撥通報警模塊。在系統(tǒng)，溫度信號轉(zhuǎn)換為串行數(shù)據(jù)，煙霧信號轉(zhuǎn)化為電壓信號。由MCU的所有數(shù)據(jù)進行處理。監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)檢查時，在倉庫防火，報警信號被打開，同時消息通過EX-1傳送到管理者。該系統(tǒng)的應用是由倉庫經(jīng)理有效地處理火災。 關(guān)鍵詞：火災報警傳感器，煙霧傳感器系統(tǒng); ATmega16的溫度傳感器，煙霧傳感器 1 序言 火災自動報警控制系統(tǒng)經(jīng)歷了一個過程，從簡單到復雜和情報系統(tǒng)在中國越來越多。其特點是自動火災探測報警技術(shù)，隨著計算機和檢測技術(shù)的發(fā)展有很大的進步。目前，火災自動報警控制系統(tǒng)采用大容量的抽水蓄能電站，商場，高層辦公樓，酒店和其他地方。他們被用在一些更高層次的總線型報警控制系統(tǒng)，智能報警控制方法的一個區(qū)域集中的集合，在一些居民區(qū)和商業(yè)樓宇安裝了由單一的火災自動報警檢測裝置。這些檢測報警裝置，有時失敗報告，或誤傳。它的可靠性不高，因為使用單一傳感器。因此，需要開發(fā)具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，成本低，可靠性高，響應快的火災自動檢測系統(tǒng)。 2 該系統(tǒng)的一般組成 硬件框圖如圖1所示，由溫度傳感器，煙霧傳感器，信號處理模塊，MCU模塊和自動報警模塊的硬件。非電氣量，是通過傳感元件傳感器（煙霧傳感器和 成電信號，信號處理以及信號轉(zhuǎn)換成模擬量，數(shù)字量，溫度傳感器）將現(xiàn)場溫度，煙霧等非電信號。最后，對采樣數(shù)據(jù)進行處理，并與單片機系統(tǒng)的限制。該系統(tǒng)可以產(chǎn)生本地和遠程自動報警信號。 溫度傳感器 煙霧傳感器 信號處理 PD0 PD1 SCM 自動報警 模塊 電話機 圖1。火災自動報警系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu) 3 硬件組件 A. Atmega16 美國愛特梅爾的微控制器ATmega16單片機所使用的系統(tǒng)。 ATmega16的基于AVR RISC結(jié)構(gòu)的低功耗8位CMOS微控制器提高。由于其先進的指令集以及單時鐘周期指令執(zhí)行時間，ATmega16的數(shù)據(jù)吞吐量高達1 MIPS / MHz的。從而減輕系統(tǒng)在功耗和處理速度之間的矛盾。 ATmega16的有以下特點：16K字節(jié)的系統(tǒng)內(nèi)可編程Flash（讀取和寫在同一時間，也就是有能力，RWW區(qū)），512字節(jié)EEPROM，1K字節(jié)SRAM，32個通用I / O口線， 32個通用工作寄存器，JTAG邊界掃描接口，支持片上調(diào)試 編程，3定時器/計數(shù)器（T / C），片內(nèi)/外中斷，可編程串行USART有更靈活的方式，有初始條件探測器通用串行接口，8通道10位具有可選差分輸入級可編程增益（TQFP封裝）的AD??C，片上振蕩器的可編程看門狗定時器，一個SPI串行端口，以及六個可以通過軟件節(jié)電模式選擇。 該芯片是以Atmel高密度非易失性內(nèi)存技術(shù)生產(chǎn)的片上ISP Flash允許程序存儲器通過ISP串行接口或編程的通用編程，你也可以運行在AVR內(nèi)核之間的自舉程序。引導程序可以使用任何接口下載申請快閃記憶體領(lǐng)域（應用快閃記憶體）。應用程序更新Flash存儲區(qū)時引導Flash區(qū)（引導閃存）程序繼續(xù)運行，RWW區(qū)操作實現(xiàn)。 ATmega16的成為一個強大的8位RISC CPU的微控制器和系統(tǒng)單芯片??可編程閃存，為許多嵌入式控制應用，提供了一個靈活和具有成本效益的解決方案。 ATmega16的一個編程和系統(tǒng)開發(fā)工具集，包括：C語言編譯器，宏匯編，程序調(diào)試器/軟件仿真器，仿真器和評估板。 B. 溫度傳感器 Dallas半導體公司的DS18B20-型單智能溫度傳感器的溫度傳感器制造，其性能特點包括： 1）該傳感器具有單總線專用技術(shù)，通過串口電纜，還可以通過其它I / O口線和電腦接口，無需通過其他轉(zhuǎn)換電路直接輸出被測溫度值（9位二進制數(shù)，用符號位）。 2）溫度范圍為-55℃?+125℃，測量分辨率為0。 0625℃。 3）包含64修訂通過激光只讀存儲器ROM。 4）適合各種單片機或系統(tǒng)機。 5）用戶可以設(shè)置每個溫度的上限和下限分道揚鑣。 6）包括寄生電源。 DS18B20與主芯片連接圖如圖2所示：DS18B20的數(shù)字一個引腳接地，然后在第三針和第二針，然后5。 1K的上拉電阻，在同一時間，收到了單一的PD0引腳輸出信號。拉是拉電阻器的電流限制在同一時間通過嵌入在高的地方，阻力不確定性的信號。計劃，以確保從DQ引腳處于高阻抗狀態(tài)開始，讓你可以上拉電阻拉來的高DQ的。在同時主芯片也可以是外部的現(xiàn)場報警蜂鳴器。 圖2。DS18B20與主芯片連接圖。 C.煙霧監(jiān)控模塊 煙霧傳感器選擇HIS-07離子煙霧探測器，通過內(nèi)外電離室電離電子流的流動不平衡時，集電極收費，直到目前的電離平衡。在無煙或無燃燒，收集受到碰撞電離電流的統(tǒng)計波動，保持平衡的潛力。電離電流影響煙霧進入電離室，容易進入電離室煙霧外，比內(nèi)的影響，重新充電，直到新的平衡電位和集電極電流下降電離電離室時，這種潛在的變化可以用觸發(fā)報警電路。技術(shù)參數(shù)如表1。 表I.HIS-07離子煙霧傳感器THCHNICAL數(shù)據(jù) Table Head Table Column head 集電極電位 減少透光率的4%/英尺 2.2v 減少透光率的1%/英尺 0.6v 電容 6PF 平衡電位收集器 5.5±0.3V 煙霧信號處理芯片的選擇，是摩托羅拉公司的MC14468，DIP16管腳封裝的MC14468，包含振蕩器，定時器，閂鎖，當沒有檢測到煙霧報警控制邏輯電路，高輸入阻抗比較等，MC14468內(nèi)部振蕩器，振蕩周期1.67s。每個1.67s循環(huán)內(nèi)部電源提供整個芯片的工作。這一切都保持除了指示燈閃爍，電池電壓報警器，煙霧報警器檢測到任何煙霧。振蕩器的振蕩周期變?yōu)?0ms的MC14448一旦檢測煙霧，此時壓電蜂鳴器驅(qū)動電路開始振蕩時，開始能夠輸出保持高160毫秒后停止在戒煙的變化檢測80ms.Continued在這個時候，如果沒有檢測到煙霧蜂鳴器會不會發(fā)出警告聲。 在圖3中，MC144681針聯(lián)合PD1引腳單片機作為弱側(cè)蔓延檢獲15 MC14468內(nèi)部的邏輯處理電路處理，現(xiàn)場煙霧探測和變化，產(chǎn)生電壓變化的離子電流的離子室時，煙霧檢測引腳輸出高微控制器處理。 13針，然后滑動變阻器時LED閃爍，蜂鳴器響起了刺耳的聲音音頻報警時，該部門有火災報警信號，以方便檢測的靈敏度。 在圖3中，MC144681針聯(lián)合PD1引腳單片機作為弱側(cè)蔓延檢獲15 MC14468內(nèi)部的邏輯處理電路處理，現(xiàn)場煙霧探測和變化，產(chǎn)生電壓變化的離子電流的離子室時，煙霧檢測引腳輸出高微控制器處理。 13針，然后滑動變阻器設(shè)置，以方便檢測的靈敏度，當LED閃爍和蜂鳴器刺耳的聲音響起了一個聲音報警，當部門有火災報警信號。 圖3。煙霧檢測電路 D.自動撥號報警模塊 撥號報警模塊的選擇是EX-1撥號模塊是一個DTMF信號的接收，存儲和發(fā)送作為一體化通信電路。單片機和撥號管理過程中建立的模塊可以為用戶提供的各種信號輸入和輸出端口，防盜報警，信號采集，自動控制，遠程通信和信息傳輸領(lǐng)域，如靈活的應用，。 5組，可以有7個本地電話號碼的手機或組存儲，掉電不丟失;電話線路狀態(tài)檢測，自動故障信號輸出;電話/外部切換兩種撥號狀態(tài)控制;觸發(fā)時間，9次循環(huán)撥號預設(shè)號碼;獨立工作，獨立的撥號上網(wǎng)，不依靠電話和其他外部設(shè)備。 EX-1接線圖，在圖4所示，將PD4引腳連接主芯片氚，模塊開始撥號報警臺PD4輸出高電平信號，PD5連接ON/ OFF端子輸入是高電平信號打開撥號設(shè)置，輸入不工作時，此引腳變低，錯誤連接引腳PD6單片機引腳PD6輸出1開始測試是否完成電話線路故障，READY引腳連接單片機的PD7引腳檢測和報警，報警結(jié)束當PD7引腳是高的。 圖4 EX-1接線圖 4.主程序流程圖 開始 初始化 N 有煙霧信號？ Y R0=1 收集溫度 信號 N 達到報警值？ Y R1=1 READY=1? 撥號報警 圖5。主程序流程圖 因為在火災和陰燃階段的早期階段會產(chǎn)生大量的氣溶膠粒子和煙霧粒子。階段初期火災的物質(zhì)在燃燒過程中產(chǎn)生大量的熱量，所以應使用煙霧傳感器和溫度傳感器結(jié)合，先用煙霧傳感器檢測是否有煙生成，然后溫度傳感器檢測到的溫度，溫度傳感器報警值設(shè)置為50度。當檢測到煙霧R0為1，不吸煙，R0為0。然后進行測試時的溫度，當溫度達到季節(jié)性預警R1的值是1，季節(jié)溫度值達到預警R1為0，在這個時候相比，R0和R1等于主芯片撥號報警，如果不等于不報警重新測試。這煙霧傳感器和溫度傳感器配合使用，大大提高了檢測的可靠性，防止漏報，誤報，程序流程圖如圖5所示。 5. 總結(jié) 自動報警系統(tǒng)的使用溫度和煙霧傳感器，通過檢測現(xiàn)場的溫度和煙，合作，可以找到任何在倉庫失火，倉庫管理人員通過短消息的形式發(fā)送消息，在早期。所以它的應用可以大大減少火災損失，提高了倉庫的安全可靠性比以前單一的火災報警設(shè)備，并防止失敗的報告和誤導。該系統(tǒng)具有可靠性高，價格低，靈敏度高。 參考文獻 [1] 苗順兵，熊光明，李永平等等火災自動報警系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計與研究，機械制造技術(shù)，2006（2），p909。 [2] 良玉葛，辦公大樓火災的智能分析。 [3] 周倜。建筑消防系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計，云南建設(shè)，2008（6）。 [4] 霍尼韋爾,建筑設(shè)備監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)，智能建筑與城市信息，2008（4） [5] 德里克·克萊門茨 - Croome，智能建筑設(shè)計，管理和操作，托馬斯Telford出版社，2004。 [6] 張華中，火災自動報警及消防指揮系統(tǒng)基于因特網(wǎng)的聯(lián)動控制，計算機工程，2001年。 [7] ANSI，輻射能傳感的火災探測器，火災自動報警信號，美國ANSI/ FMRC FM3260-2004年。 [8]楊立平，常用金屬材料手冊[M]，福建：福建科學技術(shù)出版社 [9]劉鴻文，材料力學[M]，北京：高等教育出版社，2004 [10]袁忠均，高樓逃生器的設(shè)計與制造的研究[D]，2004 [11]林遠方. 高樓火災逃生裝置，中國，CN201361378[P]，2009 [12]救生緩降器， http://detail.china.alibaba.com/buyer/offerdetail/591290239.html [13]Bennetts, K.A.M,Moinuddin,C.C. 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