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1、第七講第七講主謂一致主謂一致 第一課時(shí)知識(shí)過(guò)關(guān)課李仕才讀語(yǔ)篇，悟語(yǔ)法。反復(fù)朗讀下列短文。領(lǐng)悟畫線黑體部分。思考：主謂一致包括哪些原則？分別在什么情況下使用語(yǔ)法一致原則、意義一致原則和就近原則？My seatmate James, whose parents have been teaching1 English in Guangzhou for ten years，comes2 from the United States, which is3 one of the most developed countries in the world. He as well as his parents

2、 enjoys4 living in Guangzhou because neither James nor his parents find5 it difficult to adapt to the life in China. In their opinion, many a custom here is6 easy to understand and ten years is7 enough for them to get used to all the customs.I, together with James, extremely like8 English but physic

3、s seems9 rather difficult for us. Besides，both he and I are10 very fond of reading story books, and the Arabian Nights is11 one of the most interesting books that have been read12 by us. Our class is13 united as a big family. Now the class are14 preparing for the coming sports meet, so large quantit

4、ies of our recent time have been spent15 on it. What we need is16 a qualified coach because being trained properly is17 of great importance. We each are all aware that each of us plays18 an important role in our class. We have decided to hold a celebration if getting a good result but when and where

5、 we are going to hold it hasnt been decided191語(yǔ)法一致原則，復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。2語(yǔ)法一致原則，單數(shù)主語(yǔ)用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。3意義一致原則，若主語(yǔ)形式上為復(fù)數(shù)，而意義上是單數(shù)，動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。本句中的the United States雖然形式上是復(fù)數(shù)，但指的是一個(gè)國(guó)家，替代它的which作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。4語(yǔ)法一致原則，“A as well as/together with/with B”結(jié)構(gòu)在主語(yǔ)位置時(shí)，主語(yǔ)是A，因此，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與A保持一致。5就近原則，由or，either.or，nor，neither.nor，not only.but also

6、，not.but連接的并列主語(yǔ)，通常按照就近一致原則，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式依照靠近它的主語(yǔ)而定。6語(yǔ)法一致原則，“many a(很多)/more than one(不只一個(gè))單數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。7意義一致原則，表示時(shí)間、距離、金錢、重量、度量、容量、溫度等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，通?？醋饕粋€(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。8語(yǔ)法一致原則，主語(yǔ)后面接說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的修飾語(yǔ)together with，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不受修飾成分的影響，仍保持同主語(yǔ)一致的關(guān)系。9意義一致原則，以ics結(jié)尾表示學(xué)科的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常表示單數(shù)意義，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。10語(yǔ)法一致原則，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是both.and連接的并列

7、結(jié)構(gòu)，如果主語(yǔ)指的是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人或物，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。11意義一致原則，復(fù)數(shù)形式的專有名詞(表示國(guó)家、城市、機(jī)構(gòu)、組織以及書籍、報(bào)紙、雜志等)作主語(yǔ)，通常作為整體看待，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。12語(yǔ)法一致原則，one of復(fù)數(shù)名詞定語(yǔ)從句，之前有the only，the very，the just等限定詞時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，如沒(méi)有這些限定詞和修飾語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用復(fù)數(shù)形式。13意義一致原則，集體名詞class如果作整體看待，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。14意義一致原則，集體名詞class如果作個(gè)別成員看待，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。15當(dāng)“(large)quantities of可數(shù)或

8、不可數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。16當(dāng)what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，或由and連接兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)意義一致的原則來(lái)決定。17語(yǔ)法一致原則，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(動(dòng)詞的v.-ing形式、不定式)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。18當(dāng)“eachof名詞/代詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。19語(yǔ)法一致原則，從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。.單句填空(用所給詞的正確形式填空)1Either you or the headmaster _ (be) to hand out the prizes to those gifted students at the meeting

9、.2The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class，_ (visit) a museum when the earthquake struck.3Two fifths of the land in that district _(be) covered with trees and grass.4Nowadays, a large number of women，especially those from the countryside，_ (work) in the clothing industry.iswas visitingiswor

10、k5. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth _ ( wash ) away each year.6He is the only one of the students who _ (be) a winner of scholarship for three years.7Every possible means _( use ) to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.8When and where to go for

11、the onsalary holiday _(not, decide) yet.are being washedhas beenhas been usedhas not been decided9She has set a new record, that is, the sales of her latest book _(reach) 50 million.10Professor Smith, along with his assistants，_ (work) on the project day and night to meet the deadline.11He _ ( prete

12、nd ) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.12“Your father has at last decided to stop smoking.”Jane _(inform)have reachedis workingwas pretendingwas informed.單句改錯(cuò)(下列每句中有一處錯(cuò)誤，每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改，請(qǐng)指出并改正。)1Tom have been reading that book all the morning so he is tired now._2As everybody know

13、s, politics are now taught in all schools._3Kate, one of my good friends, come from Guangzhou._4As we all know, people speaks English all over the world._5The teacher, together with his students, are planting trees on the street._havehasareiscomecomesspeaksspeakareis6Not only the students but also t

14、he teacher wish for a holiday._7It is the parents and their son that wants to buy the bicycle._8Many a student have been sent to plant trees._9Bill was standing at the side of the car, talking to two men who was helping him to repair it._10To read English aloud every morning do you a lot of good._wi

15、shwisheswantswanthavehas第二個(gè)wasweredodoes.語(yǔ)篇填空(閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語(yǔ)法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。)Our school library，along with many other buildings, is very different from other schools. There 1._ (be) two computer rooms，three art rooms, a meeting room and a reading room in the library building. T

16、he number of the books 2._ (be) large, and maybe there are 100, 000 books in it. It is said that all the books cost our school 200, 000 dollars. Maybe 200, 000 dollars 3._ (be) large to every student. In the era of knowledge explosion, the number of the students who 4._ (have) a thirst for knowledge

17、 is increasing day by day. Nowadays, our library has been developed into aMultifunctional building. There are 50 computers in it. Many a student 5._ (like) to surf the Internet at weekends here，and now you can see that my classmates, Mike and John 6._ (play) computer games there. When you turn to an

18、other room, you will find that a professor and writer 7._ (deliver) a speech. Each boy and each girl 8._ (focus) on his interesting speech. Every time there is a wonderful speech, the audience always 9._ (cheer) up. You are entering our art exhibition. A teacher with his students is at the room.On t

19、he wall 10._ (be) 100 pictures, which attract many students. An expert and teacher is explaining something important to us.【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文主要介紹了學(xué)校圖書館的功能室以及學(xué)生周末在里面的活動(dòng)情況。1are因there be.句型中be動(dòng)詞常與離其最近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。2is主語(yǔ)是the number of名詞的復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。3is時(shí)間、金錢、距離、重量等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。4have關(guān)系代詞who，that，which等在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)

20、應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)保持一致。5likesmany a名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，中心詞是單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。6are playing兩個(gè)名詞由and連接作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)。7is delivering當(dāng)and連接的兩個(gè)名詞是指同一人時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)形式?！癮 professor and writer”意思是“一個(gè)教授兼作家”。8is focusing用and連接的單數(shù)主語(yǔ)，前面有each，every，no等修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。9cheer/cheers集體名詞group，class，family，army，audience等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果強(qiáng)調(diào)集體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；如果

21、強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。10are在主謂倒裝的句子中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語(yǔ)保持一致。第二課時(shí)高考研究課主謂一致在語(yǔ)法填空中的考查點(diǎn)規(guī)律方法對(duì)于主謂一致這個(gè)語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)來(lái)說(shuō)，了解和掌握各種一致的基本原則是關(guān)鍵，掌握了基本的用法之后就像套數(shù)學(xué)公式一樣代入即可。1Fast food _(be)full of fat and salt; by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.(2017全國(guó)卷)2Leaving the less important things

22、 until tomorrow _ (be) often acceptable.(2016全國(guó)卷)真題驗(yàn)證1is主語(yǔ)是fast food，是不可數(shù)名詞，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，且此處講的是現(xiàn)狀，所以填is。is動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)；語(yǔ)境為客觀真理，故使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。4We _ (tell) that our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week, but for the week after.(廣東卷)3It is important to remember that success _ (be) a sum of small ef

23、forts made each day and often _ (take) years to achieve.(2015湖南卷改編)is；takes不可數(shù)名詞success作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)；語(yǔ)境為客觀真理，故使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。were told第一人稱復(fù)數(shù)形式作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；由平行的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞hadnt been reserved可知，tell應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí)；由語(yǔ)境可知，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞tell和主語(yǔ)we之間構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系。6The basketball coach, as well as his team，_ (interview) shortly after the match fo

24、r their outstanding performance.(陜西卷改編)5All we need _ (be) a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.(湖南卷改編)is主語(yǔ)為不定代詞all，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用單數(shù)；由語(yǔ)境可知應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。was interviewed主語(yǔ)中含有as well as，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該與The basketball coach一致；由語(yǔ)境可知謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí)。8Onethird

25、 of the country _ (be) covered with trees and the majority of the citizens _ (be) black people.(湖南卷改編)7The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _ (be) saved for other purposes.(安徽卷改編)were主語(yǔ)the rest of which中，which代指前面的the raw materials，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用復(fù)數(shù)；由平行的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞used，可知此處應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí)。is；a

26、re第一分句中的主語(yǔ)為不可數(shù)名詞the country，故其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)；第二分句中的主語(yǔ)為可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)，故其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用復(fù)數(shù)；語(yǔ)境所陳述的為客觀事實(shí)，故兩處的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都是用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。9Either you or one of your students _ (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.(湖南卷改編)is主語(yǔ)部分由“either.or.”連接，故其后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)使用“就近原則”，即第三人單數(shù)形式；由meeting后定語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)可知，主句的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)用“be to do”，表示將來(lái)時(shí)。主謂一致在短文改錯(cuò)中的考查點(diǎn)規(guī)律方法第

27、一步：先找出主語(yǔ)；第二步：根據(jù)主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)形式判斷謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式；第三步：根據(jù)整篇文章或上下文的語(yǔ)境判斷時(shí)態(tài)的正確形式。1He would ask who we was and pretend not to know us.(2016浙江卷)_2My dream school look like a big garden.(2014全國(guó)卷)_3Suddenly the arrows was flying down at us from the sky they looked like rain！(陜西卷)_真題驗(yàn)證2waswere主語(yǔ)為we，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。looklooks主語(yǔ)為my

28、 dream school，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。waswere主語(yǔ)為the arrows，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。4The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby.(2014遼寧卷)_5Finally, there were a sudden pull at the pole and a fish was caught.(2013陜西卷)_havehas主語(yǔ)為the early morning barking，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該使用第三人稱單

29、數(shù)形式。werewas主語(yǔ)為a sudden pull，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。第三課時(shí)寫作增分課主謂一致在寫作中的增分點(diǎn)一、使用語(yǔ)法一致原則確保所寫句子主謂一致1他，還有他的父母，喜歡看電視連續(xù)劇。(as well as, be fond of, TV series)_2是你，而不是你的老師，應(yīng)為你考試不及格負(fù)責(zé)。(it is, rather than, be to blame for, fail the exams)_He, as well as his parents, is fond of watching TV series.It is you, rather than

30、your teacher，that/who are to blame for your failing the exam.3我們班除了李磊和李華，還沒(méi)有人出過(guò)國(guó)。(nobody, but, have been abroad) _4游泳和踢足球是我最喜愛(ài)的運(yùn)動(dòng)。(favorite sport) _5正如我們所知道的，水和空氣對(duì)于生命來(lái)說(shuō)是必不可少的。(as, be essential to, life) _Nobody but Li Lei and Li Hua in our class has been abroad before.Swimming and playing football a

31、re my favorite sports.As we know, water and air are essential to life.二、使用意義一致原則確保所寫句子主謂一致三年在歷史中是很短的一段時(shí)間，而在你人生中卻是很長(zhǎng)的一段時(shí)間，因此你應(yīng)當(dāng)充分利用它。(in history, in your life, make the most of)_Three years is a short time in history but a long one in your life, so you should make the most of it.三、使用就近一致原則確保所寫句子主謂一致1

32、圖畫上有一個(gè)男的、一個(gè)女的和兩個(gè)孩子。(there be) _2不但他的同學(xué)，而且他的老師，都為之吃驚。(not only, but also, be surprised at) _There is a man, a woman and two children in the picture.Not only his classmates but also his teacher was surprised at it.3不但我，還有我的同學(xué)，我的老師們，都不熟悉這種情形。(neither, nor, nor, be familiar with the situation) _4不是我，而是他，對(duì)美國(guó)文化很了解。(it is, not. but, know a lot about) _Neither I, nor my classmates, nor my teachers are familiar with the situation.It is not I, but he, who knows a lot about American culture.