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1、1(1)231.Where there is a river, there is a city. (SB U7) 凡有河流的地方必有城市。where是連接副詞，引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“在/到地方”，相當(dāng)于介詞in/at/to + the place + where從句（定語(yǔ)從句）。4where引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：where引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，它的前面沒有先行詞，不能用“介詞+which”替代。有時(shí)含有條件意味。where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)它的前面有先行詞，可用“介詞+which”替代。 Crops grow well _(在有的地方) plenty of sunshine. You should

2、 put the book_ (回原處) Mom, what did your doctor say? He advised me to live _ the air is fresher. A. in where B. in which C. the place where D. where6【答案】where there iswhere it wasDwhere引導(dǎo)的是地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“住在空氣更新鮮的地方”。選項(xiàng)C如果是in the place where也是正確的?！敖樵~+which”不能替代引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句的where，故不可選B項(xiàng)。72. It is said to be the c

3、itys largest ever cultural relics repair project. （SB U7）據(jù)說(shuō)它是這個(gè)城市最大的文化遺跡修復(fù)工程。It is said that sb. do sth. 主動(dòng)式 sb. is said to do sth./to be doing sth./to have done sth.被動(dòng)式 sth. is said to be done/to have been done8注意：表示在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（is said）之后才發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用不定式的一般式(to do）；表示與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（is said）同時(shí)進(jìn)行用不定式的進(jìn)行式(to be doing)；表示在

4、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（is said）的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作用不定式的完成式(to have done)。如果不定式與句子主語(yǔ)之間存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式用被動(dòng)式。9改寫下列句子It is said that the boy is working on a model plane.= The boy _ on a model plane.They are said to have won the game.= It _ the game. Is Bob still performing? Im afraid not. He is said _ the stage already as he ha

5、s become an official.A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left10【答案】is said to be workingis said that they have wonA從already 一詞可以明顯看出Bob離開舞臺(tái)是過(guò)去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情，故須用不定式的完成式。11與以上用法相同的句型還有：It is believed/thought/reported that= sb. is believed/thought/reported to do sth.= sth. is believed/th

6、ought/reported to be done人們認(rèn)為/據(jù)報(bào)道People consider that sb./sth.= sb. is considered to do= sth. is considered to be done人們認(rèn)為123. Many of the sports were the same as they are now. （SB U8） 許多項(xiàng)目和現(xiàn)在的相同。the same as 意為“和相同，與一樣”，表示同類事物。the same that 意為“和是同一個(gè)”，表示同一事物。This is the same bag as I lost last week.這

7、與我上周丟掉的包是一樣的。This is the same/very bag that I lost last week.這正好是我上周丟掉的那一個(gè)包。13suchas意為“像這/那樣的 ”，表示同類事物。14This is the same book _(我丟失的) yesterday.Tom has changed a lot, and most of his classmates say that he is not the same (他過(guò)去那樣)【答案】that I lostas what he used to bewhat引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，并作be的表語(yǔ)。154. We will do

8、 everything we can to save our city!(SB U7) 我們會(huì)盡力拯救我們的城市！ They do their best to win medals.(SB U8) 他們竭盡全力奪取獎(jiǎng)牌。16do everything one can to do sth.do all one can to do sth.do what one can to do sth.do ones best to do sth.盡某人最大努 力做某事17句式、中，one can是定語(yǔ)從句，everything和all是先行詞，省略了關(guān)系代詞that；句式中的what引導(dǎo)的是賓語(yǔ)從句；四個(gè)句

9、式中的to do都是作目的狀語(yǔ)。注意：句式、中can后省略了動(dòng)詞do，后跟帶to的不定式。 The doctors did everything they could to save his son. 醫(yī)生們竭盡全力搶救他兒子。18try to do sth.（= attempt to do sth.） 試圖做某事make the greatest effort to do sth. 盡最大努力做某事19I think we should _ (盡力阻止) the factory polluting the air. The student spent as much time as he c

10、ould _ spoken English.A. practise B. to practiseC. practising D. practised【答案】do everything we can to stopC該題考查的是spend + time+ (in) doing sth.這一句式，as he could是定語(yǔ)從句，省略了動(dòng)詞spend，修飾time。20高考對(duì)主謂一致的考查有三個(gè)明顯的特點(diǎn)：1.考查基本的主謂一致規(guī)則。2.增加試題的綜合性，考查主謂一致的同時(shí)考查其他知識(shí)，如：時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)及句式（如：倒裝句）。3.增加試題的語(yǔ)境化因素。主謂一致主謂一致21語(yǔ)法一致的原則(1)兩個(gè)作主語(yǔ)

11、的名詞或代詞由with或as well as連接時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同with或as well as前的一個(gè)名詞或代詞的人稱和數(shù)一致。這些介詞短語(yǔ)（在句中作狀語(yǔ)）還有：including, besides, except, but, together, together with, along with等。22例如：The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library.老師和學(xué)生們?cè)趫D書館看書。The room with its furniture was rented.帶家具的房間已租出。23(2)each以及由any-, ev

12、ery-, some-, no-構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞都當(dāng)作單數(shù)看待。例如：Somebody is asking you on the phone.有人打電話給你。但它們的反意問(wèn)句用單復(fù)數(shù)均可。例如：Everybody was watching TV, wasnt he / werent they?大家都在看電視，是嗎？24(3)關(guān)系代詞who, that, which等在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。例如：Those who want to go please put up your hands.想去的請(qǐng)舉手。25Some of the energy that is us

13、ed by man comes from the sun.人類使用的有些能量來(lái)自太陽(yáng)。This is the only one of the books on the subject that has been written in Chinese.這是唯一的一本有關(guān)這一科目的中文書。26(4)由every/no+名詞+and+every/no+名詞構(gòu)成的詞組作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 Did you go to the show last night? Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area was invited.27(1)主語(yǔ)由and或bothand連接

14、，謂語(yǔ)一般用復(fù)數(shù)，但如果表示同一概念，指同一個(gè)人或同一件事物時(shí)（這時(shí)and后的名詞沒有冠詞），謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就要用單數(shù)。例如：Bread and butter is a daily food in the west. (bread and butter指的是一種食品：涂有黃油的面包)黃油面包在西方是一種日常食品。意義一致的原則意義一致的原則28由and連接兩個(gè)疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的從句或疑問(wèn)詞接不定式作主語(yǔ)，如果是一件事情的兩個(gè)方面，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；如果是兩件事情，則用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：Where and how to find the lost child is unknown to us.（指一件事情的兩個(gè)

15、方面）我們?nèi)圆恢廊ツ睦镆约霸鯓诱业絹G失的孩子。29What I think and what I seek have been fairly reflected in my paper.（指兩件事）我的所思所想全都反應(yīng)在我的試卷上。30(2)有些名詞如police, public, people, cattle等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：Are there any police around?旁邊有警察嗎？31(3) 有些名詞如news, works, physics, politics, means看似復(fù)數(shù)形式，但意義上卻是單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如：The news was ver

16、y exciting.這消息很令人激動(dòng)。32(4)表示金錢、時(shí)間、價(jià)格、重量、長(zhǎng)度、距離、溫度等度量衡的名詞詞組以及書名等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常把這些名詞看作一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。例如：Three weeks is not enough to finish the work.完成這項(xiàng)工作3周不夠。Ten yuan is enough. 10元錢就夠了。33(5)有些集體名詞如family, group, class, team, crowd, crew, company, population等，如果被認(rèn)為是一個(gè)不可分割的整體，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；若強(qiáng)調(diào)它集合起來(lái)的一群人，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如

17、：My family is a big one.（指整個(gè)家庭）我的家庭是個(gè)大家庭。My family are watching TV.（指全體家庭成員）我的家人正在看電視。34(6) the + adj.（或分詞）用作主語(yǔ)，表示某一類人時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；表示抽象概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如：The young are usually very active.年輕人通常都很積極。The good in him is greater than the bad.他的優(yōu)點(diǎn)比缺點(diǎn)多。35(7)名詞詞組中心詞是all, most, half, rest, part等，表示的是復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式

18、；反之，用單數(shù)。例如：All of my classmates work hard.我所有的同學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)都很努力。All of the water is gone.所有的水都沒了。36(8)(large) quantities of 修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)， large amounts of 修飾不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：Large quantities of water are needed in the factory which we visited last week.我們上周去參觀的工廠需要大量的水。37(9)one and a half+復(fù)數(shù)名詞； one or

19、 two+復(fù)數(shù)名詞；more+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+than one等結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：One or two reasons were suggested. 有人提出了一兩個(gè)建議。38就近一致的原則就近一致的原則(1)由具有選擇意思的連詞，如：not onlybut also, or, eitheror, neithernor, whetheror等連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與最靠近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。例如：Either he or you are going there.要么他，要么你將去那兒。Is either he or you going there?是他還是你去那兒呢？39(2

20、)either of, neither of, none of之后接名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。例如：Either of them is right.他們中每個(gè)都是對(duì)的。40(3)由“分?jǐn)?shù)（或百分?jǐn)?shù)）+of+名詞”以及由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a (large) quantity of, a large amount of, the rest of, a heap of, heaps of+名詞”構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)根據(jù)of后的名詞的數(shù)決定。41例如：Two-thirds of the people present are against

21、the plan.現(xiàn)場(chǎng)2/3的人都反對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃。Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.地球表面的3/4是海洋。42(4)the number of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，the amount of+不可數(shù)名詞，the quantity of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如：The number of students in our school is increasing.我們學(xué)校學(xué)生數(shù)目在增加。The quantity of books in the library is amazing.圖書館的圖書數(shù)量多得驚人。43(5)在倒裝句中，謂語(yǔ)通常采取就近一致原則。例如：Between the two windows hangs a picture and two swords.這兩扇窗戶之間掛著一幅畫和兩把劍。44(6)There be結(jié)構(gòu)中be的形式取決于靠近be的名詞，若是單數(shù)名詞則be為is / was, 若是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，則be為are/were。例如：There is a book and two pens on the desk.There are two pens and a book on the desk.