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1、Module3Unit 2 Language（1）1、 ban vt. 禁止，取締禁止，取締Bicycles are banned from the newlybuilt motorway. 自行車禁止上新建的機(jī)動(dòng)車道。forbid, ban二者都含有“禁止” 的意思。forbid 是常用詞，指 “命令某人不做”。ban語(yǔ)氣較重，指權(quán)威機(jī)關(guān)“正式禁止”，含“嚴(yán)厲譴責(zé)”之意，只能用事物作其賓語(yǔ)。The doctor forbids him to smoke. 醫(yī)生禁止他吸煙。Ban atomic and nuclear weapons! 禁止原子武器和核武器。2、 access n. 通路，接近

2、/使用進(jìn)入某地的方法/權(quán)利/可能性，接近某人的方法/權(quán)利/可能性He is a man of easy access.他是一個(gè)很好接近的人。Citizens may have free access to the library.市民可以免費(fèi)使用這個(gè)圖書館。We have access to the Internet in the classroom.我們?cè)诮淌依锟梢陨匣ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)。The only access to the man is through his secretary.唯一能接近此人的方法是通過其秘書。2、 access v. 接近，使用I cant access the file

3、on your company because Ive forgotten the code.我無法使用貴公司的文件， 因?yàn)槲野汛a忘了。accessible adj. 可接近的；可使用的；隨和的be accessible to sb. 能為某人接近或使用的have / gain / obtain access to sb. / sth. 得以接近/會(huì)見某人/某物；得以進(jìn)入/使用某物available adj. 能夠被獲得的/使用的/到達(dá)的/(人)有空閑的 Medicine should not be kept where it is accessible to children.藥品不應(yīng)放在

4、兒童容易拿到的地方。 Im afraid these shoes are not _ in your size. A. applicable B. available C. accessible D. adaptableBavailable 可得到的。3、raise vt.(1) 舉起She raised her finger to her lips as a sign for silence.她舉起一根手指放在唇邊，示意安靜。(2) 提高(音量、價(jià)格、程度等)The landlord raised my rent.房東提高了我的租金。(3)種植(農(nóng)作物等)、飼養(yǎng)(家禽等)、撫養(yǎng)(子女)The

5、 farmer raises chickens and corn.農(nóng)夫養(yǎng)雞和種植玉米。3、raise vt.(4)籌集(資金)We hope to raise a lot of money for the people suffering in the earthquake.我們想為這次地震受災(zāi)者籌一大筆錢。(5)喚起、引起His funny stories raised a few laughs.他有趣的故事引來一陣笑聲。(6) 提出(問題等)I wonder if I could raise this problem with you now.不知我現(xiàn)在能否向您提及這問題。raise sb

6、. to ones feet 把某人扶起來raise ones voice 提高聲音raise a family 養(yǎng)家糊口Steam can be seen _ from wet clothes. A. rose B. raise C. to raise D. to riseDseerise 看到升起來。rise意為“升起來”，不及物動(dòng)詞，raise 是及物動(dòng)詞必須接賓語(yǔ)。4、indicate vt. 表明，指示，表示，顯示，示意What do they indicate? 他們表示什么意思？The symptoms indicate immediate surgery. 癥狀表明急需外科手術(shù)

7、。When quoting old sayings, please indicate the specific reference(s) 引用名言時(shí)必須加列參考書目。 There is a great deal of evidence _ that music activities engage different parts of the brain. A. indicate B. indicating C. to indicate D. to be indicatingB句意“有大量證據(jù)表明音樂活動(dòng)調(diào)動(dòng)大腦不同的部位?！笨疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)。B項(xiàng)作定語(yǔ)表主動(dòng)，相當(dāng)于which indica

8、tes。5、contribute vt. & vi. 捐獻(xiàn)，捐贈(zèng)；貢獻(xiàn)出；投稿(to)contribute sth. to sth. 將某物捐獻(xiàn)/貢獻(xiàn)給；向供稿contribute to sth.也是的原因，促成/助長(zhǎng)The writer personally contributed 5,000 dollars to the earthquake fund. 那位作家個(gè)人給地震基金會(huì)捐贈(zèng)了5000美元。His carelessness contributed to the accident. 他的粗心大意是造成事故的原因。He contributes regularly to English

9、Weekly. 他定期給英語(yǔ)周報(bào)投稿。Im sure regular exercise will contribute to curing your disease. 我相信有規(guī)律地鍛煉將有助于治療你的病。Honesty and hard work contribute to success and happiness. 誠(chéng)實(shí)加苦干有助于成功和幸福。contribute vt. 捐助， 投稿contributing adj. 貢獻(xiàn)的contribution n. 貢獻(xiàn)， 捐款(贈(zèng)) make contributions to 為作貢獻(xiàn) 中國(guó)對(duì)世界的經(jīng)濟(jì)作出了很大的貢獻(xiàn)。_China has m

10、ade great contributions to the economy development of the world. 當(dāng)然，來自不同國(guó)家的人們對(duì)美式英語(yǔ)的發(fā)展作出了杰出的貢獻(xiàn)。_Of course, people from many different countries made their contributions to the development of American English. All union members should _the Welfare Fund.所有工會(huì)會(huì)員都應(yīng)向福利基金會(huì)捐款。contribute to6、combine vt. 使聯(lián)合，結(jié)

11、合Some movies combine education with recreation. 有些電影寓教于樂。combination n. 聯(lián)合；結(jié)合be combined with 與結(jié)合connectwith 和有聯(lián)系connect to 連接；接通combine theory with practice 理論與實(shí)踐相結(jié)合We think it necessary that theory practice. 我們認(rèn)為理論與實(shí)際相結(jié)合是必要的。(should) be combined withStudy can _ pleasure. 可以做到學(xué)習(xí)和娛樂兩不誤。be combined w

12、ithHe _ that company no longer. 他不再和那家公司有聯(lián)系了。was connected with7、辨析辨析beat, defeat, win, gain(1) beat著重“連續(xù)地?fù)舸颉?，如毆打、體罰、海浪拍岸、心跳。另外可指“擊敗”，此時(shí)其賓語(yǔ)必須是人或一個(gè)集體，是游戲比賽的專門用詞。(2) defeat 意為“打敗，擊敗”，與beat同義，其賓語(yǔ)也必須是人或一個(gè)集體。尤指在戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上打敗敵人。suffer a defeat 戰(zhàn)?。?遭受挫敗conquer指“征服、戰(zhàn)勝”，特別指“獲得對(duì)人、物或感情的控制”。conquer nature 征服自然overcome

13、戰(zhàn)勝、壓倒、克服(尤指“感情”而言)overcome difficulties 克服困難(3) win 表示在較強(qiáng)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中取勝，其賓語(yǔ)常是game, war, prize, fame, battle等。其反義詞為lose。(4)gain表示獲得需要的東西，它常跟的賓語(yǔ)有ones living, experience, strength, time, knowledge, attention, respect, admiration等。His father beat the naughty boy. 他的父親打了這個(gè)調(diào)皮的男孩。The hopes were defeated. 希望落空了。The

14、ir team has won the game. 他們隊(duì)贏了這場(chǎng)比賽。Hes alive his heart is still _. 他還活著心臟還在跳。beatingOur men were heavily _ in the battle. 我軍在此次戰(zhàn)役中受到重創(chuàng)。defeatedHe soon _ a reputation for himself. 他很快就成名了。wonWe shall _ experience through much practice. 我們要通過大量的實(shí)踐來獲得經(jīng)驗(yàn)。gainIt was the last question on the paper that _

15、me. 卷子上的最后一個(gè)問題使我受到挫折。defeated1、be made up of 由組成；由構(gòu)成Animal bodies are made up of cells. 動(dòng)物的身體是由細(xì)胞組成的。Society is made up of people of widely differing abilities. 社會(huì)是由能力迥異的人組成的。be made of 由制成(制成品能看出原材料是什么)be made from由制成(制成品不能看出原材料是什么)be made in 在生產(chǎn)(制造)的be made into 把制成(材料制成產(chǎn)品) The government has sent

16、 a medical team _(由10名醫(yī)生和6名護(hù)士組成) to the village.made up of 10 doctors and 6 nursesOur association (協(xié)會(huì)) (由組成) people from every field of life.is made up of2、 take control of 掌管掌管 Its no easy task to take control of a class of children. 管住一個(gè)班的小孩子可不是件容易的事。The British government at that time took contro

17、l of the island. 當(dāng)時(shí)的英國(guó)政府控制該島。As Mary was in poor health, I was asked to _ the business. A. in control ofB. under the control ofC. take control ofD. have a control of Ctake control of 掌管。3、辨析辨析at one time, at a time(1)at one time 一次，同時(shí)；一度，曾經(jīng)At one time they met frequently. 他們一度經(jīng)常見面。(2)at a time 每次，一次

18、Order! One at a time, please. 守秩序！請(qǐng)一個(gè)一個(gè)來。Take two pills at a time. 一次服兩顆(藥)。 at times 有時(shí)，間或at the time of在時(shí)候at all times 始終，經(jīng)常at any time 在任何時(shí)候at the same time 同時(shí)，而at no time 在任何時(shí)候都不in no time 立刻，馬上for the time being 暫時(shí)for some time 一段時(shí)間by the time到的時(shí)候from time to time 有時(shí)in time 及時(shí)；遲早on time 準(zhǔn)時(shí)Exper

19、ts have been warning _ of the health risks caused by passive smoking. A. at a time B. at one time C. for some time D. for the time beingC句意：專家們提醒注意被動(dòng)吸煙給健康帶來的危害已有一段時(shí)間了。考查介詞搭配。A每次、逐一、依次；B一度，曾經(jīng)；C一段時(shí)間；D暫時(shí)，眼下。4、 consist of 由由組成，不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)組成，不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(be made up of) The committee _ nine members set out for t

20、he disaster area immediately. A. consisted of B. consisting of C. made of D. made up forBconsisting of 由組成。在句中作定語(yǔ)。Today, the spread of borrowed words is mostly due to easily accessed Internet and television programmes from across the world.今天，世界各地大多都可以方便地上網(wǎng)和收看電視節(jié)目，使得外來詞廣為傳播。(1)easily accessed 是定語(yǔ)，修飾

21、后面的television and radio programmes。The easily accessed computer system is unsafe from hackers.這個(gè)易進(jìn)入的電腦系統(tǒng)，很不安全，會(huì)遭到黑客的攻擊。(2)due to 由于，因?yàn)镈ue to his illness, Mike didnt come to school today.由于生病，邁克今天沒來上學(xué)。1. A用不定式表示目的，引起人們對(duì)食品安全的關(guān)注。1More TV programs, according to government officials, will be produced _ p

22、eoples concern over food safety.(2011重慶) A. to raise B. raising C. to have raised D. having raised2. AOne reasonis that 固定句型。2. One reason for her preference for city life is _ she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.(2010上海) A. that B. how C. what D. why3. Chopefully 充滿希望地； no

23、rmally 正常地； thankfully 謝天謝地；非常感謝地； conveniently 方便地。3. _， I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.(2011安徽) A. Hopefully B. Normally C. Thankfully D. Conveniently4. A句意“如果你偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)瑕疵而又還想要這輛自行車，你可以讓店員降低價(jià)格?！?care about 關(guān)心，在乎； look for 尋找； focus upon 集中(注意力)，都與題意不符，只有come acro

24、ss意為“偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)，偶遇”符合句意，故正確答案為A。4. If you _ faults but you still want the bicycle, ask the shop assistant to reduce the price.(2011安徽) A. come across B. care about C. look for D. focus upon 如何寫好it句型動(dòng)詞不定式(短語(yǔ))、動(dòng)名詞(短語(yǔ))或從句在句子中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，轉(zhuǎn)換用it作形式主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)可以使句子的表達(dá)更地道，增加了語(yǔ)言的美感。此外，it還可以用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。掌握下面的有關(guān)it的一些常用句型有助于寫作水平的提高。

25、【句型1】It be(其他動(dòng)詞) adj. / n. 不定式(v.ing分詞，從句)It is difficult for us to work out the problem. 對(duì)我們來說，解出這道題是很難的。 例：To write the article will take him a long time.It will take a long time to write the article.【句型2】It takes sb. some time to do sth.【句型3】It is said (suggested / reported etc.) that從句It is sugg

26、ested that we should put off the meeting. (有人) 建議會(huì)議延期召開。 【句型4】It seems that從句 / as if從句【句型5】主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) it 賓補(bǔ) 不定式/ ving分詞/ 從句I found it important to learn spoken English.我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)非常重要?！揪湫?】It be 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 that從句 翻譯下列句子1. 我很榮幸在這里談?wù)勅蛩Y源短缺的問題。 _1. Its my great honor to be here to say something about the global

27、water shortage. 2. 是我們?cè)摓樗鳇c(diǎn)什么事情的時(shí)候了。 _2. Its high time that we did something about it. 3. 對(duì)我來說，學(xué)好英語(yǔ)最重要。 _3. Its very important for me to learn English well.4. 在中國(guó)，中學(xué)生得每天晚上花4小時(shí)完成作業(yè)。_4. In China, it takes 4 hours for middle schools students to finish their homework.5. 會(huì)議將在大廳里舉行。_5. It is in the hall that the meeting will be held.