高二英語(yǔ)Unit 13 the water planet 課件3人教版
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1、UNIT 13 GRAMMAR -MODAL VERB命題熱點(diǎn):命題熱點(diǎn): 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法基本用法; 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示態(tài)度表示態(tài)度的用法的用法; ; 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè)表示推測(cè)的用法的用法; 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中的在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中的運(yùn)用。運(yùn)用。常見(jiàn)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有:常見(jiàn)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有:can 能 may 可以 will,would (表意愿)need 需要 dare 敢 must 必須 have to 不得不shall,should 應(yīng)該(表義務(wù)) ought to 應(yīng)該1.CAN,COULD 的用法的用法1)表能力,有)表能力,有“能能”、“會(huì)會(huì)”、“能夠能夠”的意的意
2、思思Can you drive a car? 你會(huì)開(kāi)車嗎?你會(huì)開(kāi)車嗎? -Yes, I can. -No, I cant. 注:注:過(guò)去式過(guò)去式could語(yǔ)氣語(yǔ)氣比比cancan更加委婉更加委婉 Could I use your car?2)征求許可,意為征求許可,意為“可以可以” Can I use your bike?我可以我可以?(=?(=maymay但沒(méi)但沒(méi)有有 may 正式)正式) 3)表示可能性,常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句表示可能性,常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句 Can it be true?那會(huì)是真的嗎? Today is Sunday. He cant be at school. 他不可能在
3、學(xué)校里。 can 只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)兩種時(shí)只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)兩種時(shí)態(tài)態(tài)(could),其他時(shí)態(tài)要用其他時(shí)態(tài)要用be able to的形式的形式例如: can 和和 be able to 的比較的比較I havent been able to get in touch with her.我一直沒(méi)能和她聯(lián)系上。通常通常can 和和 be able to 可以互換可以互換2.MAY,MIGHT的用法的用法 2.1 表示許可或征求對(duì)方的許可,有表示許可或征求對(duì)方的許可,有“可以可以”的的意思。意思。例如: You may go now.你可以走了。May I use your comp
4、uter?我用一下你的電腦可以嗎? 注:過(guò)去式過(guò)去式might表示的語(yǔ)氣更加委婉、客氣表示的語(yǔ)氣更加委婉、客氣例如:例如:Might I use your pen for a while?我能用你的鋼筆嗎我能用你的鋼筆嗎 注:回答以回答以may開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)句有如下表達(dá)法:開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)句有如下表達(dá)法:例如:例如: - May I smoke here? 我可以在這兒抽煙嗎?肯定 -Yes, you may 否定;-No, you cant -Yes, please -No, you mustnt. -No, youd better not.2.3表示猜測(cè),通常只用于陳述句表示猜測(cè),通常只用于陳述句例
5、如: You may be right.你可能是對(duì)的。 2.5 在口語(yǔ)中在口語(yǔ)中can可以代替可以代替may表示許可,但表示許可,但can較隨較隨便,便,may更正式更正式例如: Can I use your bike, John?約翰,我可以用一下你的自行車嗎? May I have a look at your license please, sir?先生,我可以看一下你的執(zhí)照嗎 3.MUST 的用法的用法 3.1表義務(wù),表義務(wù),“必須必須”例如:You must talk to them about their study.你必須同他們談?wù)勱P(guān)于他們學(xué)習(xí)的事。 3.2 在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中表不許、
6、禁止在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中表不許、禁止 例如: You mustnt smoke here. 你不能在這抽煙 。 附:關(guān)于附:關(guān)于must的回答的回答。例如:Must I clean the dining room at once?Must I clean the dining room at once? 肯定: -Yes, you must. (是的,你必須否定: -No, you neednt. (不,你不必 -No, you dont have to.3.3 表堅(jiān)定的建議表堅(jiān)定的建議例如: You must come and see us as soon as you get to Shangha
7、i. 一到上海你就得馬上來(lái)見(jiàn)我們。 3.4 表推測(cè),暗含有很大的可能性例如: He must be ill. He looks so pale. 他肯定是病了。他的臉色那么蒼白。注意注意may 暗含的可能性暗含的可能性較小,must 暗含的可能性暗含的可能性較大。 4.HAVE TO的用法的用法 HAVE TO 意為“不得不”,它雖屬于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞, 但它有人稱、數(shù)的變化,其 疑問(wèn)句,否定句的構(gòu)成也和其他的動(dòng)詞有所不同。 Have to 的疑問(wèn)句和否定句,多用助動(dòng)詞的疑問(wèn)句和否定句,多用助動(dòng)詞do構(gòu)成構(gòu)成。例如:例如: Did he have to do it?他得做那件事嗎 He didnt h
8、ave to do it.他不需要做那件事。 4.1 HAVE TO & & MUST (1)must 強(qiáng)調(diào)強(qiáng)調(diào)“ “內(nèi)在的內(nèi)在的職責(zé)職責(zé)” ”、 、“ “義務(wù)義務(wù)” ”,強(qiáng)調(diào)強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)話說(shuō)話人的主人的主觀觀看法看法。 have to 強(qiáng)調(diào)“外界壓力”、“不得已而為之”。 (2)have tohave to可用于多種時(shí)態(tài),而可用于多種時(shí)態(tài),而must一般用于現(xiàn)在時(shí),其過(guò)去時(shí)與將來(lái)時(shí)分別由had to與shall / will have to代替。 (3)have to的否定式表示“不需要”, mustnt表不允許。例如: You dont have to go there.你不需要不需要去那兒。
9、You mustnt go there?你不準(zhǔn)不準(zhǔn)去那兒。5.NEED 的用法的用法 need 既可用作情既可用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞態(tài)動(dòng)詞,又可用作,又可用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 作情作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),沒(méi)有數(shù)和人稱的,沒(méi)有數(shù)和人稱的變變化,后接化,后接動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞原形;作原形;作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí),有數(shù)的,有數(shù)的變變化和人稱的化和人稱的變變化,后接化,后接帶帶toto的不定的不定式,意式,意為為“ “需要做需要做” ”。 。 其否定式為其否定式為“neednt ”,表,表“不必不必”例如:例如:You neednt worry.你不必?fù)?dān)心。你不必?fù)?dān)心。 其其疑問(wèn)句式為疑問(wèn)句式為: Need + +sb.+
10、 do?sb.+ do?,表表“需要需要嗎嗎”例如:例如:Need you go? 你得去嗎?你得去嗎? -No, I neednt. 不必。不必。 -Yes, I must. 是的,我必須去。是的,我必須去。 6.WILL和和WOULD的用法的用法 will,(1 1)表示表示“意愿意愿”,I will help you. (2) (2) 用于第二人稱表征求意見(jiàn),用于第二人稱表征求意見(jiàn), Will you have some more wine? (3 3)用于第三人稱表推測(cè)。用于第三人稱表推測(cè)。 -Somebody is coming upstairs. - That will be Ma
11、ry. (4) (4) 表示將來(lái)或現(xiàn)在的習(xí)慣表示將來(lái)或現(xiàn)在的習(xí)慣。 He will come this afternoon. The old man will sit by the window for hours.例3:Hes strange - he _ sit for hours without saying anythingA. shall B. will C. can D. must 分析:will用來(lái)談習(xí)慣和特性,本句意思為“他很怪,能一坐幾個(gè)小時(shí)一句話也不說(shuō)”。答案為B。2. Would (1)表示過(guò)去的意愿。表示過(guò)去的意愿。I would like to see Mr. Smi
12、th2)表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣。表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣。When I was a child, we would get up early and go climbing 3)征求意見(jiàn),語(yǔ)氣比)征求意見(jiàn),語(yǔ)氣比will 委婉委婉.Would you mind my smoking here?7.SHALL和和SHOULD的用法的用法1 shall,(1)(1) 用于一用于一三人稱,征求意見(jiàn)或提議。三人稱,征求意見(jiàn)或提議。Shall we go out for lunch?(2)(2) 用于第二人稱,表一種強(qiáng)烈的感情,如用于第二人稱,表一種強(qiáng)烈的感情,如“命令,禁命令,禁止,威脅,允諾止,威脅,允諾”等等. .
13、 If you dare do that, If you dare do that, you shall be punished.you shall be punished.(3)(3) 表示規(guī)章,指示,預(yù)言等。表示規(guī)章,指示,預(yù)言等。 All shall All shall die. die. 例6:You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _ be so rude to a lady. (2001上海)A. might B. need C. should D. would分析:在某些名詞性從句中,should 表示驚異、意外等情緒,常譯為
14、“竟然”。答案分別為C。如:It seems unfair that this should happen to me. 真不公平,這件事竟然發(fā)生在我身上。例1:“The interest _be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides.A. may B. should C. must D. shall例2: The room is so dirty. _ we clean it? Of course. (2003北京春)A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do分析:上述
15、兩題均考查 shall的非常用含義,當(dāng)shall用于一、三人稱疑問(wèn)句中時(shí),表示征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn);用于二、三人稱陳述句中,表示說(shuō)話人給對(duì)方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅等。上述三題答案分別為D、B。 SHOULDShould (1) 表示義務(wù),責(zé)任,意為表示義務(wù),責(zé)任,意為“應(yīng)當(dāng)應(yīng)當(dāng)” 。 You should pay for your taxes.(2) 表示推測(cè),可能性。意為表示推測(cè),可能性。意為“可能,應(yīng)可能,應(yīng)該該”。 Its mid-night,he should be home.(3) 用于提建議,請(qǐng)求用于提建議,請(qǐng)求,I should say it would be better to de
16、lay the meeting. (4) 表示驚訝和難以置信。表示驚訝和難以置信。 Why should he do such a thing? 例6:You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _ be so rude to a lady. (2001上海) A. might B. need C. should D. would 分析:在某些名詞性從句中,should 表示驚異、意外等情緒,常譯為“竟然”。答案分別為C。如:It seems unfair that this should happen to me. 真不公平,這件事竟然發(fā)生在
17、我身上。 Should “Should “應(yīng)該應(yīng)該”,主要表示主主要表示主觀觀看法,看法, Ought to“Ought to“理理應(yīng)應(yīng)”,則則更多反映客更多反映客觀觀情情況況,在,在談?wù)劦椒?,到法律,?guī)規(guī)定定. .義務(wù)時(shí)義務(wù)時(shí)用。用。如:如: SHOULD & OUGHT TOYou should finish your work first, and then watch TV.You ought to clean the classroom , for it is your turn today.你應(yīng)該把教室打掃了,因?yàn)榻裉焓悄阒等?。你?yīng)該把教室打掃了,因?yàn)榻裉焓悄阒等铡?9.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
18、表示情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示“推測(cè)推測(cè)”的用法的用法2.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)。表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)。 1) must+have +v-ed .表示過(guò)去表示過(guò)去“一定發(fā)生了一定發(fā)生了.” 2) could have v-ed 表示過(guò)去表示過(guò)去 “很可能發(fā)生很可能發(fā)生” 3)may / might have v-ed 表示過(guò)去某事表示過(guò)去某事“也許也許”發(fā)發(fā)生生 4) ought to / should have v-ed意為意為“本來(lái)應(yīng)該做本來(lái)應(yīng)該做” 5) neednt have v-ed 意為意為“本沒(méi)必要做本沒(méi)必要做”1.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形表
19、示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的推測(cè)表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的推測(cè) 1. MUST HAVE V-ED 例如: 1)Since the ditch is full of water, it must have rained last night. 2)You couldnt have met my grandmother. She died before you were born. must have v-ed 表示推測(cè)過(guò)去某事“一定”發(fā)生了。其否定形式為:cant / couldnt have v-ed, 表示過(guò)去不可能發(fā)生某事。2 COULD HAVE V-ED could have v-ed 表示推測(cè)過(guò)去某動(dòng)作“很可能”
20、發(fā)生了。 例如: Mary could have off with her friends. 3.MAY / MIGHT HAVE V-ED may / might have v-ed 表示推測(cè)過(guò)去某事“也許”發(fā)生了.may 比 might 表示的可能性稍大些。例如: I cant find my keys. I may / might have left them at the school yesterday. 4 SHOULD HAVE V-ED如: You should have told me the truth. You shouldnt have left her alone.
21、You ought not to have left her alone. ought to / should have v-ed 表示“本應(yīng)該”, 含有“責(zé)備”、“不滿”。Shouldnt have done. / Ought not to have done 意為“本來(lái)不應(yīng)該.”5. NEEDNT HAVE V-EDneednt have v-ed 意為“本沒(méi)必要”。表示過(guò)去做了某事,但沒(méi)有做的必要,例如: You neednt have waken me up; I dont have to go to work today. You needn;t wash these clothes
22、 for me, I can manage it.1.A LEFTLUGGAGE OFFICE IS A PLACE WHERE BAGS _BE LEFT FOR A SHORT TIME, ESPECIALLY AT A RAILWAY STATION. A.SHOULD B.CAN C.MUST D.WILL2.How _ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article? A.can B.must C.need D.may3.The room i
23、s so dirty._ we clean it?-Of course. A.Will B.Shall C.Would D.Do4.My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared. Who _ have taken it?A.should B.must C.could D.would5.Is John coming by train? -He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car. A.must B.can C.need D.may6.- I heard they went skiing in
24、the mountains last winter. -It_ true because there was little snow there.A.may not be B.wont be C.couldt be D.mustnt be26.I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _ for her.A.had to write it out B.must have written it outC.should have written it out D.ought to write it out27.Michael _be a policem
25、an, for he is much too short.A.neednt B.cant C.should D.may20.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out.A.had to B.would C.was able to D.could16.Sorry, Im late. I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.A.might B.should C.can D.will14.Are you coming
26、 to Jeffs party?-Im not sure. I _ go to the concert instead.A.must B.would C.should D.might15.My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he _ your lecture.A.couldnt have attended B.neednt have attendedC.mustnt have attended D.shouldnt have attended11.You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentlemen _ be so rude to a lady.A.might B.need C.should D.would12.Write to me when you get home.-_.A.I must B.I should C.I will D.I can
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