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1、【1】 figure n. 數(shù)字；數(shù)目；圖；圖形，(人的)體型；人物，(繪畫、雕刻的)人物像 vt.(美口語)認(rèn)為，判斷，(在心里)想象，描繪She has an attractive figure.她有迷人的身材。He has become a figure known to everyone.他已成了一位知名人物。Where did you get those figures?你從哪兒得到那些數(shù)字的？I figure that youd like some coffee.我想你要喝咖啡了。figure in 把計(jì)算在內(nèi)figure out 算出；想出；理解我們判定，明智的做法是等待。_這就

2、是我的看法。_我們一直沒能看透她。_我弄不懂怎樣做這件事。_We figured the sensible thing to do was to wait.Thats what I figured.Weve never been able to figure her out.I cant figure out how to do this.【2】 ashamed adj. 慚愧的；害臊的feel/be ashamed of (doing) sth. 對(做)某事感到羞恥be ashamed to do sth. 因羞恥或慚愧而勉強(qiáng)做某事Im ashamed to be seen with yo

3、u when you behave so badly!你表現(xiàn)這么惡劣，讓別人看到我跟你在一起我都覺得丟人！shame n. 羞愧或遺憾之事in shame 羞愧地to ones shame 令某人遺憾的是她對自己在聚會上的行為深感羞愧。_她羞愧地低下了頭。_使我感到慚愧的是，我拒絕聽她對事情的解釋。_She was deeply ashamed of her behaviour at the party.She hung her head in shame.To my shame, I refused to listen to her side of the story.【3】辨析 damag

4、e, destroy, ruin(1)damage 指人的名聲、物品的價值等受到損失，破壞常常是局部的，或可以修好的。Taylor felt his reputation had been damaged by the newspaper article.泰勒覺得他的名譽(yù)已經(jīng)因?yàn)閳蠹埳系倪@篇報道而受到了損害。(2)destroy 強(qiáng)調(diào)以具有摧毀或殺傷性的力量把某物徹底毀掉，一般不可修復(fù)。Why, you may wonder, should spiders be our friends? Because they destroy so many insects.你也許會覺得詫異，蜘蛛怎么會是我

5、們的朋友？就因?yàn)樗鼈兿麥缒敲炊嗟睦ハx。(3)ruin 亦指徹底毀掉，是一次性的行為，即人或物毀壞到不復(fù)存在，面目全非的地步。The crops are nearly ruined by the continuous rain.連續(xù)不斷的雨水幾乎毀掉了這些農(nóng)作物。用damage/destroy/ruin的正確形式填空Dont you realize _ _ these chemicals are doing to our environment?He failed in the test again, which completely _ his parents hope.That the hu

6、rricane _ the whole village made many people homeless.the damagedestroyedruined【4】 concentrate v. 集中，專注concentrate on 集中于Concentrate more on your work or youll be dismissed!集中精神工作，否則你將被解雇。We need to _ the most rundown areas.我們需要把資源集中用于最衰敗的地區(qū)。In this lecture I _ the early years of Charless reign.這一節(jié)課

7、我將著重講查理王朝的早期統(tǒng)治時期。concentrate resources onshall concentrate onhave / show respect for sb. 尊重某人give / send ones respects to sb. 向某人問候in all/some/many respects 在各個/某些/許多方面with respect to 至于，關(guān)于，就而言in no respect 完全的，毫不in respect of 關(guān)于，就而言【5】 consider v. 考慮，認(rèn)為(1)consider “考慮”(2)consider “認(rèn)為”n.doing疑問詞不定式s

8、b./sth.(as/to be)n./adj.sb. to have done sth.thatclauseBilly is considered to have arranged everything well for the whole journey.比利被認(rèn)為已經(jīng)為整個旅行安排好了一切。I wonder if you have considered how to get there.我想知道你是否考慮過如何到那里去。consideration n. 考慮considerate adj. 考慮周到的，體諒的considerable adj. 相當(dāng)?shù)?，可觀的；重要的considering

9、 prep. 鑒于，考慮到，顧及The project wasted a considerable amount of time and money.那項(xiàng)工程耗費(fèi)了相當(dāng)多的時間和資金。Considering his age, the little boy reads very well.就他的年齡來說，這小孩讀書算是挺好的。considering/takinginto consideration, 現(xiàn)在分詞短語，“考慮到”，其邏輯主語不一定在句子中。 She considered _.她考慮了自己的各種選擇。Were considering _.我們正考慮買一輛新車。The company i

10、s being actively considered _.這家公司正在被積極考慮為可能的合作伙伴。She _ to form a definite conclusion.她認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在下確切的結(jié)論還為時過早。her optionsbuying a new caras a potential partnerconsiders that it is too early【6】 effect n. 效果；作用be of no effect 無效，沒有作用，不中用put/bring/carryinto effect 實(shí)行，實(shí)施，使生效，實(shí)現(xiàn)have an effect on/upon 對有影響Punish

11、ment had very little effect on him.懲罰對他沒有什么效果。effective adj. 有效的；生效的；事實(shí)上的，給人印象深刻的affect vt. 影響side effect 副作用take effect 生效influence n. 影響I admire the effective use of colour in her paintings.我很欣賞她繪畫作品中的色彩效果。A teacher has great _ over his students.A. effort B. affectC. influence D. cause Chave influ

12、ence over sb. 對有影響力?！?】 risk v. 冒險于；在方面冒險， n. 風(fēng)險The brave soldier risked his life in trying to save the old man.那位勇敢的戰(zhàn)士冒著生命危險試圖救那位老人。I dont think they will risk holding the conference.我認(rèn)為他們不會冒著風(fēng)險去開這個會。Patients should be made aware of the risks involved with this treatment.應(yīng)該告訴病人這種治療所涉及的風(fēng)險。take/run t

13、he risk of冒風(fēng)險at the risk of 冒著危險at risk 處于危險中risk doing sth. 冒險做某事risk ones life 冒生命危險 My cousin would like to risk _ the weightloss pills rather than _ in a gym. Really? She must be mad.(2010安徽兩地聯(lián)考)A. to take; work out B. to take; working outC. taking; working out D. taking; work outDrisk doing sth

14、.與rather than do sth.均為固定搭配。【8】 count vt. 數(shù)，點(diǎn)數(shù)She began to count up how many guests they had to invite.她開始計(jì)算他們得邀請多少位客人。countas把看作(considerto be)count on 指望，依靠count sb. in 把某人計(jì)算在內(nèi)count down 倒計(jì)時count sth. up 計(jì)算，清點(diǎn)總數(shù)counter n. 柜臺，計(jì)算器我就靠你幫我啦。_她把自己看作一個幸運(yùn)者。_她已經(jīng)在對這一重大日子倒計(jì)時了。_Im counting on you to help me.S

15、he counts herself as a lucky person.Shes already counting down to the big day.【9】 stay n&v. 停留，逗留，呆linkv. ( continue) 表示“維持某狀態(tài)”，其后可跟形容詞或名詞作表語。另外，remain / keep也有“保持不變，仍然是”的意思，后加形容詞作表語。You must get enough sleep to stay healthy.要想保持健康就必須有足夠的睡眠。They stayed friends for years.他們的友誼維持了多年?！咀⒁狻咀⒁狻?stay, keep

16、, remain 作為連系動詞使用時，無被動語態(tài)也無進(jìn)行時。stay away (from) 不在，外出，走開stay up 整夜，挺立Why dont you put the meat in the fridge? It will _ fresh for several days.A. be stayed B. stayC. be staying D. have stayedB【10】 contain v. 包含，包括，能容納(不用于進(jìn)行時態(tài))I found an envelope containing a hundred onedollar bills on my way home.回家的

17、路上我發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個裝有100張一美元鈔票的信封。container n. 容器，集裝箱；貨柜Food will last longer if kept it in an airtight container.如果貯藏在密封的容器里，食物能保持比較久的時間。contain, include(1)contain 指某物容納在比其大的東西之內(nèi)，側(cè)重所含的量與成分。The hall can contain 200 people.這個大廳可容納兩百人。(2)include意為“包括，包含在內(nèi)”，指包括或容納某物成為其整體的一部分，側(cè)重整體與部分的對比。include作狀語常以including和inclu

18、ded的形式出現(xiàn)在句子中。Everybody must leave, me included/including me.所有的人，包括我在內(nèi)都得離開。用contain或include的適當(dāng)形式填空Everyone in the company donated some money to the Hope Project, the manager _.The money you paid _ postage and packing.Eat more fruit, for it _ a lot of vitamins.My mother went to the supermarket and bo

19、ught some fruit, _ some apples.includedincludedcontainsincluding【1】 hear fromhear from sb. receive a letter / telephone/call from sb. 接到某人的來信 / 電話hear of(間接)聽說，獲知(通常用于否定句及疑問句，不可用于進(jìn)行時)hear about聽說的事(不可用于進(jìn)行時)hear sb. do(被動形式是be heard to do)聽見某人做(表事實(shí))hear sb. doing(被動形式是be heard doing)聽見某人正在做(表進(jìn)行)hear

20、sb. out / through 聽某人把話說完I hear (that) 我聽說make oneself heard 高聲說話使別人聽見，(把意見等)說給別人聽【2】 work out 鍛煉； 計(jì)算，算出；解決；設(shè)計(jì)If you want to keep fit，you have to work out regularly.如果你想保持身體健康，就必須定期鍛煉。Can you work out the maths problem?Can you work the maths problem out?你能解出這道數(shù)學(xué)題嗎？(如果代詞作賓語必須放在work與out之間)work on 從事，繼

21、續(xù)work at 從事，致力于work as 充當(dāng)，作為而工作work it 把事情辦成turn out 結(jié)果是，原來是make out 列出，說明，勉強(qiáng)辨認(rèn)/聽出bring out 把帶出來，出版The building around the corner caught fire last night. The police are now _ the matter.A. going through B. working outC. looking into D. watching overC【3】 along with和，加之，連同along with 引導(dǎo)成分跟在主語后面時，謂語動詞根據(jù)

22、向前一致的原則確定單復(fù)數(shù)。The coach along with five players is coming here.教練和5個隊(duì)員一起往這兒來了。together with和，加之，連同(用法同上)Wang Jing together with her classmates is going to visit the Great Wall next week.王靜和她的同學(xué)們下周要去游覽長城。李平和他父母已經(jīng)在上?？戳耸啦拈]幕式。(along with)_Li Ping along with his parents has watched the closing ceremony

23、of the 2010 World Expo in Shanghai.【1】 I think you look great as you are我覺得你目前這個樣子就很棒as作連詞的用法小結(jié)：作“當(dāng)?shù)臅r候”解，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，表示從句動作與主句動作同時發(fā)生、同時進(jìn)行。As he looked at her, she made a face.當(dāng)他看她時，她做了個鬼臉。作“由于，因?yàn)椤苯?，引?dǎo)原因狀語從句，表示比較明顯的原因。由as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句通常放在主句之前。As he didnt know much English, he took out his dictionary and loo

24、ked up the word.由于他不懂得多少英語，于是他拿出詞典來查了這個詞。作“如一樣”解，引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句或比較狀語從句。He does not speak as the other people do.他不像其他人那樣說話。He is not so diligent as you.他不如你勤奮。(soas只用于否定句，肯定句中必須用asas)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，作“雖然，盡管”解。這時要將表語或狀語提到主語之前，使句子部分倒裝。如果表語是名詞，放在句首時不能加冠詞。Young as he is, he knows a lot.盡管他年輕，卻懂得很多。隨著年齡的增長，她的信心增強(qiáng)了。_他

25、們是按照我的要求做的。_她是新來的，可能需要一些幫助。_盡管他們很快樂，但總?cè)鄙冱c(diǎn)什么。_Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially _ father was away in France.A. as B. thatC. during D. ifAs she grew older she gained in confidence.They did as I asked.She may need some help as shes new.Happy as they were, there was something m

26、issing.A句意：媽媽因?yàn)樾埯惤z病了而著急，尤其是當(dāng)她爸爸還在法國時。during是介詞，不接從句，故選A?！?】 Walking and riding your bike count, and so do school sports.行走和騎自行車就算，在學(xué)校里進(jìn)行的體育活動也算。“So助動詞/系動詞/情態(tài)動詞主語”表示上述肯定情況也適用于該主語。I was at the Center School last year. So was my friend Bob.去年我在中心學(xué)校，我朋友鮑勃也是。I have seen the film twice. So has my elder s

27、ister.這部電影我已看過兩遍，我姐姐也是。(1) “Neither/Nor助動詞/系動詞/情態(tài)動詞主語”表示上述否定情況也適用于該句主語。He cant speak Japanese. Neither/Nor can I.他不會說日語，我也不會。(2) “It is the same with名詞/代詞賓格”或“So it is with名詞/代詞賓格”，表示上述綜合的情況(肯定和否定的混合或沒有統(tǒng)一的助動詞)也適用于該主語。Tom is a good student and he does well in his studies. It is the same with/So it is

28、 with John.湯姆是個好學(xué)生，他學(xué)習(xí)很好。約翰也是如此。(3) “So主語助動詞/系動詞/情態(tài)動詞”表示對上述情況的贊同或證實(shí)，前后主語一致。 Tom does speak Japanese well.湯姆日語的確說得很好。 So he does and so do you.他確實(shí)如此，你也是一樣。(4) “主語動詞so”表示做了前文所述的事情。He asked me to stay at home and I did so.他讓我待在家里，我照做了。 David has made great progress recently. _， and _.A. So he has; so y

29、ou haveB. So he has; so have youC. So has he; so have youD. So has he; so you have_ that Marie was able to set up new branches elsewhere.A. So successful her business wasB. So successful was her businessC. So her business was successfulD. So was her successful businessIf Joes wife wont go to the par

30、ty, _.A. he will either B. neither will heC. he neither will D. either he willB使用so he has表達(dá)對上句話的贊同，意思是“他的確取得了很大進(jìn)步”，而so have you意思是“你也一樣”，是指上述情況同樣適用于你。B句意：瑪麗的生意如此成功，以至于她在別的地方建立了新的分店。這是sothat句型的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，so后有形容詞或副詞且位于句首時，句子應(yīng)該用倒裝形式。如：So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.B“neither/nor助動詞/系動詞/情態(tài)動詞主語”表示上述否定情況也適用于該句主語。句意：如果喬的妻子不去參加晚會，他也不會去。