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1、GRAMMAR 一一: V-ing 形式由形式由 “doing” 構(gòu)成構(gòu)成, 其否其否定形式是定形式是 “not doing”, V-ing 可以帶賓可以帶賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)構(gòu)成語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)構(gòu)成 V-ing 短語(yǔ)短語(yǔ), 沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化, 但有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。但有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。V-ing 形式形式語(yǔ)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般式一般式完成式完成式(not) doing(not) being done(not)having done(not)having been done V-ing 形式在句中作定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)是本單元的學(xué)形式在句中作定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)是本單元的學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)

2、。習(xí)重點(diǎn)。1. 作定語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ) V-ing 形式可以單獨(dú)充當(dāng)名詞的前置修飾語(yǔ)形式可以單獨(dú)充當(dāng)名詞的前置修飾語(yǔ), 這這時(shí)有兩種情況。時(shí)有兩種情況。1) -ing形式表示形式表示 “供作供作.之用之用”的意思的意思, 這類作這類作定語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)的-ing形式過(guò)去叫動(dòng)名詞。形式過(guò)去叫動(dòng)名詞。 A swimming pool = a pool for swimmingA sleeping car = a car for sleeping2) -ing形式表示形式表示 “.的的” 意思意思, 過(guò)去過(guò)去叫現(xiàn)在分詞叫現(xiàn)在分詞 A sleeping child working people the rising s

3、un -ing形式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)一般放在它所修形式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)一般放在它所修飾的名詞之后飾的名詞之后, 相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。如相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。如:They are visitors coming from several countries. The boy standing there is a classmate of mine.2. 作狀語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ) 可以表示時(shí)間可以表示時(shí)間, 原因原因, 結(jié)果結(jié)果,條件條件, 行為方式行為方式或伴隨動(dòng)作等。或伴隨動(dòng)作等。 Using your head, youll find a good way. 條件條件 1) Four people entered

4、 the room looking around in a curious way. = Four people enter the room and looked around in a curious way. ( 伴隨動(dòng)作伴隨動(dòng)作) 2) Being poor, he couldnt afford a TV set. (原因原因)3) Working hard, youll surely succeed.條件條件4) The boy sat in front of the farm-house, cutting the branch.伴隨伴隨5) He came running back

5、 to tell me the news. 方式方式6) (When) Hearing the news, he got frightened.= When he heard the news, he got frightened. (時(shí)間時(shí)間, 可以在分詞前保留可以在分詞前保留when ) 7) The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door. 結(jié)果結(jié)果Attention Please -ing形式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)形式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí), 它的邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與主它的邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與主句的主語(yǔ)是一致的。句的主語(yǔ)是一致的。Time permi

6、tting, I will pay a visit to the whole city. (分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是time , 而句子的主語(yǔ)是而句子的主語(yǔ)是I , 兩者不構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系兩者不構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系, 所以只能用獨(dú)立主所以只能用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)格結(jié)構(gòu), 也就是給現(xiàn)在分詞補(bǔ)充一個(gè)主語(yǔ)。也就是給現(xiàn)在分詞補(bǔ)充一個(gè)主語(yǔ)。)the British ladythe Columbianthe Japanesethe Canadian You see her step back appearing surprised.His nose touches Mr. Cooks moving hand. Yo

7、u see her step back appearing surprised.= You see her step back and she appears surprised.They also express their feelings using unspoken language.=They also express their feelings by the way of using unspoken language. His nose touched Mr. Cooks moving hand.=His nose touched Mr. Cooks hand which is

8、 moving.= They are visitors who come from several countries.They are visitors coming from several countries.= This is an experience which is exciting.This is an exciting experience. 1. When he approached Ms Smith, he touched her shoulder and kissed her. _ _ Ms Smith, he touched her shoulder and kiss

9、ed her. Rewrite the following sentences.When approaching2. The person who is translating the songs can speak seven languages. The person _ _ _can speak seven languages.translating the songs3. The boy standing there is reading a book about body language. The boy _ _ _ there is reading a book about bo

10、dy language.who is standing4. Because he comes from Jordan, he moves close to ask you a question. _ _ Jordan, he moves close to ask you a question.Coming from5. She sat at the desk and did her homework. She sat at the desk _ _ _.doing herhomeworkUsing structureshold in arms, cry, appear sad The woma

11、n holds her son in arms, crying and appearing very sad. The woman cries loudly, holding her son in arms.box, hit on the face , move, steps The two boxing men try to hit the other on the face, moving their steps carefully.ski, laugh, exciting Mickey and Mimi are skiing down the hill, laughing all the

12、 way. What an exciting scene it is!dance, sing, raise arms up, amazing musicMickey and Mimi are dancing to amazing music, singing and raising their arms.Koala Bear, carry, climb, search for food Carrying her little baby on the back, the mother Koala Bear climbs up the trees, searching for food. 1. H

13、aving not seen the film, I cant tell you what I think of it. 2. The men worked for extra hours got an extra pay. 3. Seen from the top of the hill, we find the city more beautiful. 4. Generally speak, facial expressions are helpful communications, too.Not havingworkingSeeingspeaking單句改錯(cuò)單句改錯(cuò)5. “ Cant

14、you read?” the man said, angrily pointed to the notice on the wall.6. Knocking at the door before entering, please.7. European football is played in 80 countries, made it the most popular sport in the world.pointingKnockmaking 1. The stranger said something in a _ voice and the little girl was very

15、much _ A. frightening, frightened B. frightened, frightening C. frightening, frightening D. frightened, frightenedChoose the best answer. 2. _the piano, someone suddenly knocked at the door. A. Playing B. When I was playing C. Repairing D. Examining 3. Mother caught the boy _ in the corner. A. smoke

16、 B. to smoke C. being smoked D. smoking 4. _ the programme, they have to stay there for another 2 weeks. A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed5. “We cant go out in this weather”, said Bob, _ out of the window. A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having loo

17、ked 6. Though _ money, his parents managed to send him to university. A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in 7. The bell _ the end of the period rang, _ our heated discussion. A. indicating; interrupting B. indicated; interrupting C. indicating; interrupted D. indicated; interrupted 8. _ su

18、ch heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered 9. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting 10. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden ca

19、rriage _ the girl and took her away, _ into the woods. A. seizing; disappeared B. seized; disappeared C. seizing; disappearing D. seized; disappearing 11. _in the queue of half an hour. Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited 12. The picture _ on the wall is painted by my nephew. A. Having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung 13. Generally speaking, _ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken