資源目錄里展示的全都有，所見即所得。下載后全都有,請(qǐng)放心下載。原稿可自行編輯修改=【QQ：401339828 或11970985 有疑問可加】 附錄 英 文 Machine design process The machine is the organization with other components combinations, transforms，the transmission or using the energ，the strength or the movement example for the beneficial use has the engine．the turbine wheel，the vehicles． the hoist，the printer，the washer and the movie camera Many is suitable tbr the machine design principle and the strength law also is suitable to is not the genuine machine finished product．the driven wheel hub and the file cabinet to the measuring appl iance and the nuclear pressure vessel．”Machine designt this terminology compared to”machine design”more generalized，it including machine design．But regarding certain instruments．1ike uses to determine hot， the mobile line and the volume thermal energy as well as the fluid aspect question needs alone to consider．But when machine design must consider the movement and the structure aspect question as well as preserved and the seal stipulation．In the mechanical engineering domain and all that project domain application machine design，all need such as mechanism and so on the svdtch, cam，valve，vessel and mixer． The design beginning tO being true or the imagination need．The existing instrument possibly needs in the durability，the efficiency，the weight，the speed or the cost performs to improve．]he possible need new instrument tO complete before made the function by the person．1ike t was abundant Assembly or maintenance．After the goal completely or partially determines，the design next step is the idea carl complete needs the ffmction the organization and its the arrangement for this，the free hand drawing schematic diagram value is enormous，it not only takes a person idea the recording and the auxiliary．method which if the other people discusses，moreover especially is suitable for with own idea exchange，also needs to concern as the creative mentality stimulant to the part widespread knowledge，because a new machine frequently by knew very well each kind of components rearrange or the replace become，perhaps changed the size and the material．Regardless of after idea process or，a designer call carry on fast either the sketchy computation or the analysis determines the general size and the feasibility．After about need or may use the spatial mete idea determination，may start according to the proportion picture schematic diagram． When several components approximate shapes and several sizes come out， the analysis was allowed truly to start．The analysis goal lies in enable it to have satisfying or the superior performance，as well as will seek the best proportion and the size under the smallest weight security and the durability and the competitive cost designer for each essential load bearing section，as well as several components intensities balance then choice material and processing method．These important goals only have through only then may obtain based on the mechanism analysis，like about reacting force and friction most superior use principie of statics；About inertia，acceleration and energy principle of dynamics：About stress and deflection material elasticity and intensity principle； About material physical behavior principle；About lubrication and water power actuation hydromechanics principle．The analysis may identical engineer which arranges by the idea machinery do，or makes the analysis in the big company by the independent analysis department or the research group the result，possible need new arrangement and new size．No matter is officially does or unofficial does，supposes Japan is relapse and the cooperation process．the analysis staff may play the role to all stages but not merely is he stage. Some design criteria In this part，some people suggested carries on the analysis using the creative manner，this kind of analysis may cause the significant improvement as well as to the spare product idea and the consummation，the product function more．more economical，is perhaps more durable． The creation stage does not need is at first and the independent stage．Alttlough the analysis staff possibly certainlv is not responsible for the entire design，but he not meyely is can from the numeral proposc wants question correct answer which he soIVes，not merely is Droduces the stress value，the size or the work limit. He may propose a more widespread opinion，in order to improvement standard or plan. Because before the analysis or in the analysis process，he can familiar install and its the working condition．he is in an idea to prepare chooses the plan the rantage Poinl．Best he can propose the suggestion transfigure eliminates the moment of force or the stress concentration，but was not the permission constructs has the blg sectlon and the excessively many dynamic loads organization should better be he discards his careful desi{；n but is not afterwards saw the machinery discarded. In order to stimulate the creative thought，below suggested designs the personnel and the analysis staff uses the criterion. The first 6 criteria especially are suitable for the analysis staff,although he possibly involves to possesses this l o items. 1．Creatively the use needs the physical performance and the control does not need． 2．Knows the practical load and its the importance. 3．D00s not consider the function load in advance. 4．Invents the more advantageous loading environment. 5．Provides the minimurn weight the most advantageous stress distribution and the rigidity． 6．uses the fundamental equation computation proportion and causes the size optimization． 7．The selection material obtains the perlbrmance combination． 8．In between spare parts and integrated components carefid choice． 9．Revisions functional design adapts the production process and reduces the cost． 10．In the consideration assembly causes the part pintpointing and mutually does not disturb． Designs the personnel to have in such domain，like the statics，the inematics，dynamics and the materials mechanics have the good accomplishment，in addition．but also must familiar make the material and the manufacture craft．Designs the personnel to have to be able to combine all collrelations the fact，carries on teaches Wei．the manufacture schematic diagram and the charting comes the manufacture request totransmit the workshop． Any product design one of first step of work is the choice uses in to make each part the material．Today design personnel may obtain innumerably．When choice，the product function，the outward appearance，the material cost and the production cost very are all important．Before any computation must carefully appraise the material the performance．It is the necessary careful computation to guarantee the design the validity The computation ever does not appear on the chart，but is saved by ten each kind of reason．Once any part expires，had make clear when is designing at first this had the flaw the components has made any； Moreover，。from was allowed to obtain all experience document to the past project computation in．When needs to be similar when design，the past record could have the enormous help． When in the chart has not assigned the accurate size，the majority organization all has is suitable for the size general common difference． Regarding the finishing size．the general common difference possibly is士O．5 the millimeter．Therefore，is assigned is 15.0 millimeters sizes scopes may be l4.5 millimeters to 15.5 millimeters between．Other general common differences．may be suitable for like the angle，the drill hole and jetting，the casting，the forging， the welded joint and weld situation and so on angle．When gives components assigns the common difference，may refer to before chart or general project practice．The typical common difference is assigned for martial—looking to become the scope which the JSO standard defines．Assigns the common difference regarding，for instance H7／s6，regarding the components size which studies is having a group tO be possible to use with the graph correspondence value．Under this section will produce about installs aperture in axis or the cylindrical coordinate concrete example． The preliminary design produces satisfiedly assigns the demand the solution．The preliminary design may represent the composition overall system all subsystems and the spare part sum total．Ion and Smith for by a series of form the preliminary design description a relapse process which is composed with the appraisal stage，various stages gather the solution which forms in the same place．In the repeatedly each stage，the idea is more detailed，may a more comprehensive appraisal． After has had the idea and the idea．next steP is carries on the appraisal and the choice best idea l appraisal method to them is the use tabulates the matrix． The matrix is composed．the idea by a series of criteria to have to draw support from them to hit the minute．If is appropriate，the criterion importance may the weightin9，the most suitable idea be able to have the maximum total score．This method provided organization’s appraisal technology．individual which moreover caused in the team to be very difficult to carry out they unreasonable idea． Has had the preliminary solution，next step expresses them，in order to they can with all involve the system design process the person exchanges in fact，this step may use the plan schematic diagram or the three．dimensional model tbrm， also but the physical model also but the computer produces model．After completes to the general diagram oneself and carries on calculates determined when solution regarding product design standard compatibility，the detailing stage foundation has established． 中文 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)過程 機(jī)器是機(jī)構(gòu)與其他零件的組合，為了有益的用途而轉(zhuǎn)換、傳遞或利用能量、力、或者運(yùn)動(dòng)實(shí)例有發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、渦輪、車輛、卷?yè)P(yáng)機(jī)、印刷機(jī)、洗衣機(jī)和電影攝影機(jī)。許多適用于機(jī)器設(shè)計(jì)的原理和力法也適用于不是真正機(jī)器的制成品，從輪轂蓋和檔案櫥柜到儀表和核壓力容器?！皺C(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)”這一術(shù)語比“機(jī)器設(shè)計(jì)”更為廣義，它包括機(jī)器設(shè)計(jì)。而對(duì)于某些儀器，如果以確定熱、流動(dòng)線路和體積的熱力以及流體方面的問題要單獨(dú)考慮。但是，在機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)是要考慮運(yùn)動(dòng)和結(jié)構(gòu)方面的問題以及保存和封裝的規(guī)定。在機(jī)械工程領(lǐng)域以及其他工程領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)，都需要諸如開關(guān)、凸輪、閥門、容器和攪拌器等機(jī)械裝置。 設(shè)計(jì)始于真正的或想象的需要。現(xiàn)有的儀器可能需要在耐用性、效率、重量、速度或成本上加以改進(jìn)?？赡苄枰碌膬x器來完成以前由人做的功能，如生產(chǎn)、裝配或保養(yǎng)。目標(biāo)全部或部分地確定后，設(shè)計(jì)的下一步就是構(gòu)思能夠完成所需功能的機(jī)構(gòu)及其布置，為此，徒手畫草圖價(jià)值極大，它不但作為一個(gè)人想法的記錄和與其他人討論的輔助手段，而且尤其適用于與自己的想法交流，作為創(chuàng)造性思路的興奮劑還需要有關(guān)部件的廣泛知識(shí)，因?yàn)橐慌_(tái)機(jī)器常常由熟知的各類零件重新安排或替換而成，也許改變了尺寸和材料。無論在構(gòu)思過程還中還是之后，一個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)者都會(huì)進(jìn)行快速或粗略的計(jì)算或分析以確定一般尺寸和可行性。當(dāng)這些關(guān)于所需或可用空間量的想法確定后，可以開始按比例畫草圖。 當(dāng)幾個(gè)零件的大致形狀和幾個(gè)尺寸出來后，分析就可以真正的開始了。分析的目的在于使其具有令人滿意的或者優(yōu)越的性能，以及在最小重量下的安全性和耐用比和有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的成本設(shè)計(jì)師將為每一個(gè)關(guān)鍵的承載截面尋找最佳的比例和尺寸，以及幾個(gè)零件強(qiáng)度的平衡然后選擇材料和處理方法。這些重要的目標(biāo)只有通過機(jī)械原理的分析才可以得到，如關(guān)于反作用力和摩擦的最優(yōu)利用的靜力學(xué)原理；關(guān)于慣性、加速度和能量的動(dòng)力學(xué)原理；關(guān)于應(yīng)力和撓度的材料的彈性和強(qiáng)度原理；關(guān)于材料的物理行為原理；關(guān)于潤(rùn)滑和水力驅(qū)動(dòng)的流體力學(xué)原理。分析可以由構(gòu)思機(jī)械安排的同一個(gè)工程師來做，或者在大公司里由獨(dú)立的分析部門或研究組來做分析的結(jié)果，可能需要新的安排和新的尺寸。不管是正式做的或非正式做的，設(shè)計(jì)師一個(gè)反復(fù)和合作的過程，分析人員可以對(duì)所有階段起作用而不僅僅是他自己的階段。 一些設(shè)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則 在這一部分，有人建議運(yùn)用創(chuàng)造性的態(tài)度進(jìn)行的分析，這種分析可以引起重大改進(jìn)以及對(duì)備用產(chǎn)品的構(gòu)思和完善，也許產(chǎn)品功能更多、更經(jīng)濟(jì)、更耐用。創(chuàng)造階段無需是最初和獨(dú)立的的階段。雖然分析人員可能并不負(fù)責(zé)整個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)，但是他不僅僅是能從數(shù)字上提出要他解決的問題的正確答案不僅僅是給出應(yīng)力值、尺寸或者工作限制。他可以提出更廣泛的見解，以便改進(jìn)規(guī)范或方案。由于分析前或分析過程中，他會(huì)熟悉裝置及其工作條件他就處于一個(gè)構(gòu)思備選方案的有利位置，最好他能提出建議改變形狀來消除力矩或應(yīng)力集中，而不是允許構(gòu)建具有大截面和過多的動(dòng)態(tài)載荷的機(jī)構(gòu)最好是他報(bào)廢他的細(xì)致的設(shè)計(jì)而不是后來看到的機(jī)械報(bào)廢。 為了激發(fā)創(chuàng)造性思維，建議設(shè)計(jì)人員和分析人員使用以下準(zhǔn)則。前六項(xiàng)準(zhǔn)則尤其適用于分析人員，雖然他可能涉及到所有這十項(xiàng)。 1創(chuàng)造性的利用所需的物理性能并控制不需要的。 2認(rèn)識(shí)實(shí)用載荷及其重要性。 3預(yù)先考慮沒有作用的載荷。 4發(fā)明更有利的加載條件。 5提供最小重量的最有利的應(yīng)力分布和剛性。 6用基本方程計(jì)算比例并使尺寸最優(yōu)化。 7選取材料以獲得性能組合。 8在備件和集成零件間仔細(xì)選擇。 9修改功能設(shè)計(jì)一適應(yīng)生產(chǎn)過程和降低成本。 10考慮裝配中使部件精確定位和互不干擾。 整個(gè)機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的過程，設(shè)計(jì)人員必須在這樣的領(lǐng)域，如靜立學(xué)、運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)、動(dòng)力學(xué)和材料力學(xué)具有良好的素養(yǎng)，此外，還必須熟悉制造材料和制造工藝。設(shè)計(jì)人員必須能夠組合所有相關(guān)的事實(shí)，進(jìn)行構(gòu)思、制作草圖和制圖來把制造要求傳遞到車間。 任何一個(gè)產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)的第一步工作是在選擇用于制造每個(gè)部件的材料，今天的設(shè)計(jì)人員可以得到無數(shù)的。在選擇時(shí)，產(chǎn)品的功能，外觀，材料成本和 生產(chǎn)成本非常都是非常重要。在任何計(jì)算之前都必須仔細(xì)評(píng)估材料的性能. 有必要的仔細(xì)計(jì)算，以保證設(shè)計(jì)的有效性，計(jì)算從不出現(xiàn)在圖上，而是由于各種原因被保存起來.一但任何一個(gè)部件失效，就要弄清楚在最初設(shè)計(jì)這個(gè)有缺陷的零件時(shí)做了什么； 此外 。從對(duì)過去的項(xiàng)目的計(jì)算中可以獲得一份經(jīng)驗(yàn)當(dāng)需要類似的設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)過去的記錄可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生極大的幫助。 初步設(shè)計(jì)產(chǎn)生滿足指定需求的解決方案。初步設(shè)計(jì)可以代表組成整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的所有子系統(tǒng)和零部件的總和。 產(chǎn)生了想法和構(gòu)思后，下一步就是對(duì)他們進(jìn)行評(píng)估并選擇最佳構(gòu)思。一種方法是使用列表矩陣。矩陣由一系列準(zhǔn)則組成。構(gòu)思必須借助它們打分。如果合適，準(zhǔn)則的重要性可以加權(quán)，最合適的構(gòu)思會(huì)具有最高總分。這一方法提供了組織的評(píng)估技術(shù)，而且使團(tuán)隊(duì)內(nèi)的的個(gè)人很難推行他們自己的不合理的想法。 產(chǎn)生了初步的解決方案，下一步就是表達(dá)它們，以便它們能與所有涉及總體設(shè)計(jì)過程的人交流，實(shí)際上，這一步可采用繪制草圖和三維模型的形式，既可以是物理模型也可以是計(jì)算機(jī)生成的模型。到總草圖已經(jīng)完成并進(jìn)行計(jì)算來確定解決方案對(duì)于產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范的兼容性時(shí)，細(xì)節(jié)設(shè)計(jì)階段的基礎(chǔ)就已建立起來了。 10