資源目錄里展示的全都有，所見即所得。下載后全都有,請放心下載。原稿可自行編輯修改=【QQ：401339828 或11970985 有疑問可加】 外文資料翻譯 Electromechanical integration technology and its application An electromechanical integration technology development Mechatronics is the machinery, micro-, control, aircraft, information processing, and other cross-disciplinary integration, and its development and progress depends on the progress of technology and development, the main direction of development of a digital, intelligent, modular, and human nature , miniaturization, integration, with source and green. 1.1 Digital Microcontroller and the development of a number of mechanical and electrical products of the base, such as the continuous development of CNC machine tools and robots, and the rapid rise of the computer network for the digital design and manufacturing paved the way for, such as virtual design and computer integrated manufacturing. Digital request electromechanical integration software products with high reliability, easy operability, maintainability, self-diagnostic capabilities, and friendly man-machine interface. Digital will facilitate the realization of long-distance operation, diagnosis and repair. Intelligent 1.2 Mechanical and electrical products that require a certain degree of intelligence, it is similar to the logical thinking, reasoning judgement, autonomous decision-making capabilities. For example, in the CNC machine increase interactive features, set up Intelligent I / O interface and intelligent database technology, will use, operation and maintenance of bring great convenience. With fuzzy control, neural network, gray, wavelet theory, chaos and bifurcation, such as artificial intelligence and technological progress and development and the development of mechanical and electrical integration technology has opened up a vast world. Modular 1.3 As electromechanical integration products and manufacturers wide variety of research and development of a standard mechanical interface, dynamic interface, the environment interface modules electromechanical integration products is a complex and promising work. If the development is set to slow down. VVVF integrated motor drive unit with vision, image processing, identification and location of the motor functions, such as integrated control unit. Thus, in product development, design, we can use these standards modular unit quickly develop new products. 1.4 Network As the popularity of the network, network-based remote control and monitoring of various technical ascendant. The remote control device itself is the integration of mechanical and electrical products, fieldbus technology to household appliances and LAN network possible, use a home network to connect various home appliances into a computer as the center of computer integrated appliances system, so that people in the home can be full enjoyment of the benefits of various high-tech, therefore, electromechanical integration products should be no doubt North Korea networks. 1.5 humanity Electromechanical integration of the end-use product is targeted, how to give people electromechanical integration of intelligent products, emotion and humanity is becoming more and more important, electromechanical integration products in addition to improving performance, it also urged the color, shape and so on and environmental coordination, the use of these products, or for a person to enjoy, such as home robot is the highest state of human-machine integration. 1.6 miniaturization Micro-fine processing technology is a necessity in the development, but also the need to improve efficiency. MEMS (Micro Electronic Mechanical Systems, or MEMS) refers to quantities can be produced by the micro-collection agencies, micro-sensors, micro actuators and signal processing and control circuit until interface, communication and power is one of the micro-devices or systems . Since 1986 the United States at Stanford University developed the first medical microprobe, 1988 at the University of California, Berkeley developed the first micro-motor, both at home and abroad in MEMS technology, materials and micro-mechanism much progress has been made, the development of all sorts MEMS devices and systems, such as the various micro-sensors (pressure sensors, micro-accelerometer, micro-tactile sensor), various micro-component (micro-film, micro-beam, microprobes, micro-link, micro-gear, micro-bearings, micro-pump , microcoil and micro-robot, etc.). 1.7 Integration Integration includes a mutual penetration of various technologies, and integration of various products of different structural optimization and composite, and included in the production process at the same time processing, assembly, testing, management, and other processes. In order to achieve more variety, small batch production of automation and high efficiency, the system should have a more extensive flexible. First system can be divided into several levels, allowing the system to function dispersed, and security and coordination with other parts of the operation, and then through software and hardware at various levels will be organically linked to its optimal performance, the most powerful. 1.8 with source of Electromechanical integration refers to the product itself with energy, such as solar cells, fuel cells and large-capacity battery. As on many occasions not be able to use electricity, which campaigns for the mechanical and electrical integration products, has a unique power source comes with the benefits. Sources with the integration of mechanical and electrical product development direction of. Green 1.9 The development of technology in people's lives brought great changes in the material at the same time has also brought rich resources, deterioration of the ecological environment consequences. Therefore, people calling for the protection of the environment, regression, and achieving sustainable development in the concept of green products such calls have emerged. Green products is low-power, low-wood consumption, clean, comfortable, coordination and utilization of renewable products. In its design, manufacture, use and destruction of human beings should be in line with environmental protection and health requirements, electromechanical integration of green products is mainly refers to the use of time is not pollute the ecological environment, at the end of product life, and regeneration of decomposition products. 2 electromechanical integration in the application of technology in the iron and steel In the iron and steel enterprises, the integration of mechanical and electrical systems are at the core microprocessor, the computer, industrial computer, data communications, display devices, meters and the combination of technologies such as organic, assembled by the merger means for the realization of a large-scale integrated system create conditions for effective integration, enhanced system control precision, quality and reliability. Electromechanical integration technology in the iron and steel enterprises in the mainly used in the following areas: 2.1 Intelligent Control Technology (IC) As a large-scale iron and steel, high-speed continuous and the characteristics of the traditional control technologies encountered insurmountable difficulties, it is necessary to adopt very intelligent control technology. Control technologies include intelligent expert system, neural and fuzzy control, intelligent control techniques in steel product design, manufacturing, control, product quality and diagnostic equipment, and other aspects, such as blast furnace control system, electric furnace and continuous casting plant, steel rolling system , steelmaking - Casting integrated scheduling system - rolling, cold rolling, etc.. 2.2 Distributed Control System (DCS) Distributed control system uses a central command for the control of a number of Taiwan-site monitoring and intelligent computer control unit. Distributed control systems can be two, three or more levels. Using computers to concentrate on the production process monitoring, operation, management and decentralized control. With monitoring and control technologies, and the functions of distributed control system more and more. Not only can be achieved control of the production process, but also can be achieved online optimization, the production process real-time scheduling, production planning statistical management functions, as a measurement, control, integration of the integrated system. DCS control functions with diverse features and easy operation, the system can be extended, easy maintenance and high reliability characteristics. DCS is decentralized and centralized control monitoring, fault-minor, and the system has the chain protection features, the use of manual control system failure operational measures, the system is highly reliable. Distributed control system and centralized control system compared to their more functional, with a higher level of security. Is the large-scale integration of mechanical and electrical systems main trend. 2.3 Open Control System (OCS) Open Control System (Open Control System) is the development of computer technology led by the new structure concept. "Open" means a standard for the exchange of information in order consensus and support this standard design systems, different manufacturers products can be compatible and interoperable, and the sharing of resources. Industrial control systems through open communication network so that all control equipment, management, computer interconnections, to achieve control and management, administration, integrated decision-making, through fieldbus to the scene and control room instrumentation control equipment interconnected to achieve integrated measurement and control of. 2.4 Computer Integrated Manufacturing System (CIMS) CIMS is the iron and steel enterprises will be and the production and operation, production management and process control connecting to achieve from raw materials into the plant, production and processing of shipments to the entire production process and the overall integration process control. Currently iron and steel enterprises have basically achieved process automation, but this kind of "automated island" of single automation lack of information resources and the sharing of the unified management of the production process, can hardly meet the requirements of the iron and steel production. Future competition iron and steel enterprises is the focus of many varieties, small batch production, cheap and of good quality, timely delivery of goods. In order to improve productivity, saving energy, reducing staff and the existing inventory, accelerate cash flow, production, operation and management of the overall optimization, the key is to strengthen the management, access to the benefits of raising the competitiveness of businesses. The United States, Japan and some other large-scale iron and steel enterprises in the 1980s has been widely realization of CIMS. 2.5 Fieldbus Technology (FBT) Fieldbus Technology (Fied Bus Technology) is the connection settings in the field of instrumentation installed in the control room and control devices for digital, bi-directional, multi-station communication link. Fieldbus technology used to replace the existing signal transmission technology (such as 4 to 20 mA, DC DC transmission), it will enable more information in the field of Intelligent Instrumentation devices and higher-level control system in the joint between the communications media on the two-way transmission. Fieldbus connection can be through save 66% or more on-site signal connecting wires. Fieldbus lead to the introduction of the reform and the new generation of DCS around open fieldbus automation system of instruments, such as intelligent transmitter, intelligent, fieldbus detection instruments, fieldbus of PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) local control stations and field development. 2.6 AC drive technology Transmission technology in the iron and steel industry plays a crucial role. With power technology and the development of microelectronics technology, the development of AC variable speed very quickly. The AC drive to the advantages of electric drive technology in the near future from AC drive completely replace DC transmission, the development of digital technology, complex vector control technologies to achieve practical, AC variable speed system speed and performance has reached more than DC converter level. Now whether small or large-capacity electrical motor capacity synchronous motor can be used to achieve reversible induction motor or smoothing governor. AC drive system in the production of steel rolling emerged as a welcome users, applications continues to expand. 6 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）任務(wù)書 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化專業(yè) 學(xué)生： 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）題目： QLB—400×400柱式平板硫化機(jī)設(shè)計(jì) 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）內(nèi)容： 1.設(shè)計(jì)圖紙，折合A1圖不少于4張(含總圖)； 2.設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算說明書統(tǒng)一用A4紙，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)格式。正文不少于 20頁（含中英文摘要）； 3.查閱技術(shù)資料的文獻(xiàn)綜述3000字以上； 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）專題部分：主機(jī)設(shè)計(jì) 起止時(shí)間： 2015年3月6日至 2015年6月5日 指導(dǎo)教師： 簽字 2015年 3 月 6 日 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）指導(dǎo)教師評閱意見表 專業(yè) 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化 班級 姓名 題目 QLB—400×400柱式平板硫化機(jī)設(shè)計(jì) 指 導(dǎo) 教 師 評 語 簽字： 年 月 日 文獻(xiàn)綜述 柱式平板硫化機(jī)文獻(xiàn)綜述 姓名 摘要 本文分別介紹了國內(nèi)硫化橡膠模型制品、膠版、橡膠傳輸帶及傳送帶用的平板硫化機(jī)的現(xiàn)狀。用國內(nèi)外對比的方式，對平板硫化機(jī)在規(guī)格、材料、檔次水平、熱板溫差等方面進(jìn)行了總結(jié)。并認(rèn)為平板硫化機(jī)的發(fā)展趨勢是材料高強(qiáng)度、高剛度化，產(chǎn)品高檔化，熱板高壓、高溫化。液壓系統(tǒng)高壓化、傳送帶平板硫化機(jī)大型化。由于模型橡膠制品、傳送帶、橡膠板及合成材料等制品的不斷發(fā)展，不僅促進(jìn)了平板硫化機(jī)整體水平的提高，而且在結(jié)構(gòu)方面也有很打改進(jìn)，現(xiàn)就國內(nèi)外平板硫化機(jī)的現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展趨勢作一簡介。 正文 一、橡膠模型制品及合成材料平板硫化機(jī)的現(xiàn)狀 平板硫化機(jī)主油缸作用方式，國內(nèi)單作用柱塞油缸占多數(shù)，國外雙作用活塞油缸占多數(shù)。國內(nèi)外都以單臺(tái)主機(jī)為主，雙聯(lián)和多聯(lián)為輔。層數(shù)以單、雙層為主。 1.1規(guī)格多樣化 www.liuhuaji8.com 平板硫化機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)形式有框式、柱式、側(cè)板式、顎式和回轉(zhuǎn)式之分。其中回轉(zhuǎn)式國內(nèi)極少生產(chǎn)。目前，國內(nèi)各橡膠機(jī)械廠除了制造按國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)GB10480-89表1規(guī)定的規(guī)格外，還制造一些非標(biāo)平板硫化機(jī)以滿足用戶需求。 1.2 主要零部件材料 平板硫化機(jī)主要零部件以高強(qiáng)度、高剛度的材料為主，采用鋼件體呈上升趨勢，鑄鐵材料逐漸減少。國內(nèi)平板硫化機(jī)常用材料見表4。上橫梁、下托板（或底座）不管是鑄件還是焊接件，其材料分布和結(jié)構(gòu)形狀更加合理。青島化工學(xué)院1989年起對柱式平板硫化機(jī)的上橫梁、底座結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)，取得了不少成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)。 1.3 熱板加熱方式及溫差 平板硫化機(jī)熱板的加熱方式目前以電、蒸汽為主，也有采用油載體加熱熱板的。三種加熱方式各有優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。國內(nèi)電加熱溫度可高達(dá)200℃，但一般熱板溫差大；蒸汽加熱熱板溫差小，但溫度低，一般最高僅為170℃；油載體加熱可以解決上述溫差過大和溫度低的問題，但是加熱結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜。國內(nèi)電加熱熱板規(guī)格，一般在600X600mm以下，大于600X600mm規(guī)格的熱板絕大多數(shù)用蒸汽加熱，極少數(shù)采用油載體加熱。電加熱平板硫化機(jī)采用熱管技術(shù)后，可使熱板溫差降到極小。溫度控制精度也得到提高。國外油載體加熱形式的應(yīng)用多于國內(nèi)。如英國Francis Shaw公司1985年制造的204-100t平板硫化機(jī)組，采用油載體加熱熱板，熱板溫差均勻。湖北派克密封件廠使用的美國制造的油載體加熱熱板的平板硫化機(jī)組，采用電熱管加熱導(dǎo)熱油，系統(tǒng)用兩臺(tái)熱油泵交替供導(dǎo)熱油。日本二名工機(jī)（株）于1990年12月研制成公稱模力為1800t，熱板尺寸為1500X1500mm的電熱平板硫化機(jī)，熱板溫差也較均勻。采用導(dǎo)熱油加熱熱板，可節(jié)約能源。 1.2國內(nèi)部分硫化機(jī)企業(yè)的發(fā)展情況? 2009年11月6日，由益陽橡膠塑料機(jī)械集團(tuán)有限公司自主創(chuàng)新研發(fā)制造的，國內(nèi)最大規(guī)格的2．7×16．4m鋼絲蠅芯輸送帶平板硫化機(jī)組新產(chǎn)品通過湖南省經(jīng)委組織的專家鑒定。它的產(chǎn)成標(biāo)志著該公司在大型平板硫化機(jī)研發(fā)制造上又邁上一個(gè)新臺(tái)階。1220液壓硫化機(jī)在米其林公司泰國工廠使用三年多，至今為零缺陷反饋，1700液壓硫化機(jī)在米其林公司阿爾基亞載重子午胎工廠也運(yùn)行二年半，至今無缺陷反饋。這在我國輪胎廠形成示范作用。 福建華橡自控技術(shù)股份有限公司廈門研發(fā)中心設(shè)計(jì)研發(fā)了新型平帶平板硫化機(jī)系列機(jī)組，其為鋼絲繩（織物）芯層輸送帶平板硫化生產(chǎn)線成套設(shè)備，適用于硫化三大類輸送帶的全功能系列機(jī)組，是膠帶生產(chǎn)廠家的理想設(shè)備，也是華橡年度自主創(chuàng)新和turn-key工程項(xiàng)目之一。 1.3國外部分硫化機(jī)企業(yè)的產(chǎn)品特點(diǎn) 大竹機(jī)械工業(yè)株式會(huì)社抽真空平板硫化機(jī)的特點(diǎn)是將硫化模型用特殊設(shè)計(jì)的外罩進(jìn)行氣密密封，用真空泵對氣密外罩抽真空，排除膠料中的氣體，然后和模對制品進(jìn)行硫化，共生產(chǎn)11種規(guī)格抽真空平板硫化機(jī)。三友商事株式會(huì)社經(jīng)銷的是各平板硫化機(jī)公司生產(chǎn)的全自動(dòng)抽真空平板硫化機(jī)，主要機(jī)種有0.5MN，1MN，2MN三種。 美國Wabash?Neral?Products公司生產(chǎn)的450-3232-27MX型傳遞式液壓平板硫 化機(jī)，公稱合模力為4.5MN，機(jī)器重17t?？焖俸夏Ａλ俣葹?63.3mm/s，慢速可調(diào)速度為0.05mm/s-57.1mm/s，傳遞力為12MN，所需功率為40kw。澳大利亞STACYAND?SON公司制造的800/150t傳遞式平板硫化機(jī)，熱尺寸為1200*1200mm，熱板間距為1200mm。? 法國ReP公司擁有橡膠、液態(tài)硅橡膠、熱塑性彈性體和雙料注射成型技術(shù)，最近該公司展示了其H58型臥式平板硫化機(jī)，該機(jī)帶有先進(jìn)的控制系統(tǒng)和經(jīng)過改進(jìn)的合模系統(tǒng)，這種合模力為255t的平板硫化機(jī)配的模具厚度可達(dá)450mm，熱板尺寸550mm*550mm，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)注膠量1000/2000cc，并配有其他輔助配件。 二、硫化機(jī)的發(fā)展趨勢 2.1機(jī)械式硫化機(jī)正逐漸向垂直升降平移式和垂直升降式高等級輪胎硫化機(jī)系列發(fā)展。 傳統(tǒng)機(jī)械式硫化機(jī)模具連同橫梁的運(yùn)動(dòng)為升降翻滾型。模具重心的周期化變化會(huì)使活絡(luò)模的運(yùn)動(dòng)間隙難以得到有效控制，對提高活絡(luò)模的精度及壽命不利。桂林橡膠機(jī)械廠通過創(chuàng)新開發(fā)出1525垂直升降平移式硫化機(jī)，并列入國家級重大新產(chǎn)品項(xiàng)目。 2.2液壓硫化機(jī)的比重將越來越大，正逐漸系列化，產(chǎn)業(yè)化毫無疑問世界硫化機(jī)的發(fā)展方向?yàn)橐簤毫蚧瘷C(jī)。我國由于國情所定，在我國輪胎廠使用最廣泛的還是機(jī)械式硫化機(jī)，估計(jì)比例在95%以上。隨著高速公路的快速發(fā)展，液壓硫化機(jī)面臨最好的發(fā)展機(jī)遇。國內(nèi)有十幾家輪胎廠少批量使用液壓硫化機(jī)，有五至六家橡機(jī)廠開發(fā)出或正在研制液壓硫化機(jī)。 2.3硫化機(jī)向高精度化發(fā)展 子午線輪胎尤其是高等子午線輪胎的發(fā)展對硫化機(jī)的精度提出越來越高的要求。機(jī)械式硫化機(jī)的“去翻轉(zhuǎn)化”及液壓硫化機(jī)產(chǎn)業(yè)化的主要目的就是提高上下模具的對中度尤其是重要精度。三明雙輪化工機(jī)械有限公司在硫化機(jī)調(diào)模系統(tǒng)中采用特殊的結(jié)構(gòu)，確保上下模具對中重復(fù)精度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：25次均方根小于0.025mm，攻下了美國尚未攻下的難關(guān)；桂林橡膠機(jī)械廠開發(fā)出一種三項(xiàng)精度可調(diào)的裝胎機(jī)構(gòu)。我國硫化機(jī)的精度完全能滿足世界著名輪胎公司對輪胎硫化的要求，與世界著名的硫化機(jī)廠家比較，我國硫化機(jī)在精度上毫不遜色，多項(xiàng)精度指標(biāo)處于世界領(lǐng)先水平。 2.4硫化機(jī)的控制系統(tǒng)向智能化，網(wǎng)絡(luò)化發(fā)展控制系統(tǒng)是輪胎硫化機(jī)的重要組成部分。我國硫化機(jī)廠家不斷追蹤國內(nèi)外控制領(lǐng)域的新技術(shù)，不懈努力提高硫化機(jī)的可靠性，穩(wěn)定性及自動(dòng)化程度。外溫控制采用PID閉環(huán)調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)。觸摸屏工控電腦取代機(jī)械式三針記錄儀，提高了控制精度，減少了維護(hù)費(fèi)用。同時(shí)增加了歷史參數(shù)查詢，產(chǎn)量統(tǒng)計(jì)，閃光報(bào)警，工藝儲(chǔ)存，PLC-I/O監(jiān)控，網(wǎng)絡(luò)聯(lián)接等功能。對硫化機(jī)進(jìn)行群控，每臺(tái)上位機(jī)可以實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)控多達(dá)32臺(tái)硫化機(jī)。對輪胎等效硫化進(jìn)行研究，預(yù)計(jì)不久將有智能硫化機(jī)問世。 2.5硫化機(jī)的配套件向國際品牌化發(fā)展 我國硫化機(jī)廠家比以往任何時(shí)候更注意配套件選擇。配套件從大至液壓站小至閥門、開關(guān)都傾向用進(jìn)口件。高精度的主機(jī)和國際品牌的配套件，使得我國產(chǎn)硫化機(jī)具有較高的價(jià)格性能比。在與世界著名廠家招標(biāo)競爭中，我國硫化機(jī)往往更具有競爭力，大多不戰(zhàn)而勝。我國加入WTO后，進(jìn)口配套件關(guān)稅降低，國外著名配套件品牌在我國都有代理商，配套件選用國際品牌的比例會(huì)更高。 2.6硫化機(jī)的研制與輪胎制造技術(shù)與工藝的良好結(jié)合不同的輪胎制造技術(shù)與工藝對硫化設(shè)備提出不同的要求。我國硫化機(jī)廠家根據(jù)不同的輪胎制造技術(shù)相繼開發(fā)成功“皮耐力型”，“米其林型”，“固特異型”“普利司通型”硫化機(jī)。桂林橡膠機(jī)械廠針對氮?dú)饬蚧に嚕_發(fā)出專用的充氮硫化的中心機(jī)構(gòu)，并獲國家專利。北京橡膠工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)研究院與輪胎廠合作開發(fā)出高溫硫化機(jī)，大大降低硫化時(shí)間，改善輪胎硫化質(zhì)量。最近桂林橡膠機(jī)械廠開發(fā)出一種“等壓變溫”硫化新工藝。 2.7硫化機(jī)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與國際接軌，更注重產(chǎn)品的安全性我國有硫化機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)，制造的國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，需要進(jìn)一步修正，與國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)接軌，尤其是在產(chǎn)品安全性方面。桂林橡膠機(jī)械廠主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)品硫化機(jī)都通過德國TUV公司的CE認(rèn)證，蒸汽室通過阿斯米壓力容器認(rèn)證。三明化工機(jī)械有限公司的2160硫化機(jī)通過TUV公司的CE認(rèn)證。桂林橡膠機(jī)械廠和三明化工機(jī)械有限公司對硫化機(jī)都進(jìn)行有限元分析。這些措施，主要目的是提高產(chǎn)品的可靠性，安全性。? 2.8硫化機(jī)廠家更重視產(chǎn)品創(chuàng)新，更重視知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)不可否認(rèn)，我國硫化機(jī)曾走過“測繪仿制”道路，但是隨著我國加入國際知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)公約，我國硫化機(jī)廠家更注重產(chǎn)品創(chuàng)新，同時(shí)運(yùn)用專利保護(hù)自己。在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上查詢，近兩年國內(nèi)關(guān)于硫化機(jī)的專利達(dá)十多項(xiàng)，其中桂林橡膠機(jī)械廠已獲專利六項(xiàng)。幾乎硫化機(jī)的每一個(gè)部位都有專利保護(hù)。垂直升降機(jī)械式硫化機(jī)系列就是具有自主知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的產(chǎn)品。 2.9我國硫化機(jī)將更大踏步走向國際市場 我國硫化機(jī)廠家始終認(rèn)為我國硫化機(jī)市場只是世界硫化機(jī)市場的一部分。我國硫化機(jī)有著批量出口法國米其林公司，美國固特異公司，日本普利司通等良好記錄，這在國際市場上為我國硫化機(jī)樹起無形廣告。同時(shí)我國硫化機(jī)注重世界市場的開拓，作世界硫化機(jī)行業(yè)的小巨人。2000年桂林橡膠機(jī)械廠將一臺(tái)重達(dá)三十噸的實(shí)物擺到ITEC國際橡膠展，2005年又參加ITEC展，這充分體現(xiàn)我們開拓市場的信心和決心。 3.大型平板硫化機(jī)的現(xiàn)狀 由于大寬度，巨型輸送帶的發(fā)展，促進(jìn)了大型平板硫化機(jī)的開發(fā)。國內(nèi)益陽橡膠機(jī)械廠1983年自行設(shè)計(jì)，制造了具有中國特色的55MN/2300*8000*1?框式平板硫化機(jī)。呼和浩特市橡塑機(jī)械廠制造了55MN/3250*8750*1?框式平板硫化機(jī)。益陽橡膠機(jī)械和鐵嶺化工機(jī)械廠先后制造了30.6MN的1200*8500*2和23.4MN的1200*8500*2雙層框式平板硫化機(jī)。 我國大型平板硫化機(jī)，雖然近年來有很大發(fā)展，但與國外工業(yè)國家比，仍然存在產(chǎn)品規(guī)格少，質(zhì)量水平低，自動(dòng)化程度低，特別是大型平板硫化機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)與制造方面山還有很大差距。另外，如液壓件，電器件等配套產(chǎn)品可靠性差，液壓系統(tǒng)容易漏油等。 二.液壓技術(shù)的發(fā)展趨勢 液壓技術(shù)發(fā)展趨勢液壓技術(shù)是實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化傳動(dòng)與控制的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)之一，世界各國對液壓工業(yè)的發(fā)展都給予很大重視。世界液壓元件的總銷售額為350億美元。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，世界各主要國家液壓工業(yè)銷售額占機(jī)械工業(yè)產(chǎn)值的2%~3.5%，而我國只占1%左右，這充分說明我國液壓技術(shù)使用率較低，努力擴(kuò)大其應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域，將有廣闊的發(fā)展前景。液壓氣動(dòng)技術(shù)具有獨(dú)特的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，如:液壓技術(shù)具有功率重量比大，體積小，頻響高，壓力、流量可控性好，可柔性傳送動(dòng)力，易實(shí)現(xiàn)直線運(yùn)動(dòng)等優(yōu)點(diǎn)；氣動(dòng)傳動(dòng)具有節(jié)能、無污染、低成本、安全可靠、結(jié)構(gòu)簡單等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，并易與微電子、電氣技術(shù)相結(jié)合，形成自動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)。因此，液壓氣動(dòng)技術(shù)廣泛用于國民經(jīng)濟(jì)各部門。但是近年來，液壓氣動(dòng)技術(shù)面臨與機(jī)械傳動(dòng)和電氣傳動(dòng)的競爭，如：數(shù)控機(jī)床、中小型塑機(jī)已采用電控伺服系統(tǒng)取代或部分取代液壓傳動(dòng)。其主要原因是液壓技術(shù)存在滲漏、維護(hù)性差等缺點(diǎn)。為此，必須努力發(fā)揮液壓氣動(dòng)技術(shù)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，克服缺點(diǎn)，注意和電子技術(shù)相結(jié)合，不斷擴(kuò)大應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域，同時(shí)降低能耗，提高效率，適應(yīng)環(huán)保需求，提高可靠性，這些都是液壓氣動(dòng)技術(shù)繼續(xù)努力的永恒目標(biāo)，也是液壓氣動(dòng)產(chǎn)品參與市場競爭是否取勝的關(guān)鍵。 總結(jié) 液壓產(chǎn)品技術(shù)發(fā)展趨勢由于液壓技術(shù)廣泛應(yīng)用了高科技成果，如：自控技術(shù)、計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)、微電子技術(shù)、可靠性及新工藝新材料等，使傳統(tǒng)技術(shù)有了新的發(fā)展，也使產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量、水平有一定的提高。盡管如此，走向21世紀(jì)的液壓技術(shù)不可能有驚人的技術(shù)突破，應(yīng)當(dāng)主要靠現(xiàn)有技術(shù)的改進(jìn)和擴(kuò)展，不斷擴(kuò)大其應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域以滿足未來的要求。其主要的發(fā)展趨勢將集中在以下幾個(gè)方面。?減少損耗，充分利用能量液壓技術(shù)在將機(jī)械能轉(zhuǎn)換成壓力能及反轉(zhuǎn)換過程中，總存在能量損耗。為減少能量的損失，必須解決下面幾個(gè)問題：減少元件和系統(tǒng)的內(nèi)部壓力損失，以減少功率損失；減少或消除系統(tǒng)的節(jié)流損失，盡量減少非安全需要的溢流量；采用靜壓技術(shù)和新型密封材料，減少摩擦損失；改善液壓系統(tǒng)性能，采用負(fù)荷傳感系統(tǒng)、二次調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)和采用蓄能器回路。 泄漏控制泄漏控制包括：防止液體泄漏到外部造成環(huán)境污染和外部環(huán)境對系統(tǒng)的侵害兩個(gè)方面。今后，將發(fā)展無泄漏元件和系統(tǒng)，如發(fā)展集成化和復(fù)合化的元件和系統(tǒng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)無管連接，研制新型密封和無泄漏管接頭，電機(jī)油泵組合裝置等。無泄漏將是世界液壓界今后努力的重要方向之一。污染控制過去，液壓界主要致力于控制固體顆粒的污染，而對水、空氣等的污染控制往往不夠重視。今后應(yīng)重視解決：嚴(yán)格控制產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)過程中的污染，發(fā)展封閉式系統(tǒng)，防止外部污染物侵入系統(tǒng)；應(yīng)改進(jìn)元件和系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)，使之具有更大的耐污染能力。同時(shí)開發(fā)耐污染能力強(qiáng)的高效濾材和過濾器。研究對污染的在線測量；開發(fā)油水分離凈化裝置和排濕元件，以及開發(fā)能清除油中的氣體、水分、化學(xué)物質(zhì)和微生物的過濾元江及檢測裝置。?主動(dòng)維護(hù)開展液壓系統(tǒng)的故障預(yù)測，實(shí)現(xiàn)主動(dòng)維護(hù)技術(shù)。必須使液壓系統(tǒng)故障診斷現(xiàn)代化，加強(qiáng)專家系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)研究，建立完整的、具有學(xué)習(xí)功能的專家知識(shí)庫，并利用計(jì)算機(jī)和知識(shí)庫中的知識(shí)，推算出引起故障的原因，提出維修方案和預(yù)防措施。要進(jìn)一步開發(fā)液壓系統(tǒng)故障診斷專家系統(tǒng)通用工具軟件，開發(fā)液壓系統(tǒng)自補(bǔ)償系統(tǒng)，包括自調(diào)整、自校正，在故障發(fā)生之前進(jìn)行補(bǔ)償，這是液壓行業(yè)努力的方向。機(jī)電一體化機(jī)電一體化可實(shí)現(xiàn)液壓系統(tǒng)柔性化、智能化，充分發(fā)揮液壓傳動(dòng)出力大、慣性小、響應(yīng)快等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，其主要發(fā)展動(dòng)向如下：液壓系統(tǒng)將有過去的電液開發(fā)系統(tǒng)和開環(huán)比例控制系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)向閉環(huán)比例伺服系統(tǒng)，同時(shí)對壓力、流量、位置、溫度、速度等傳感器實(shí)現(xiàn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化；提高液壓元件性能，在性能、可靠性、智能化等方面更適應(yīng)機(jī)電一體化需求，發(fā)展與計(jì)算機(jī)直接接口的高頻，低功耗的電磁電控元件；液壓系統(tǒng)的流量、壓力、溫度、油污染度等數(shù)值將實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)測量和診斷；電子直接控制元件將得到廣泛采用，如電控液壓泵，可實(shí)現(xiàn)液壓泵的各種調(diào)節(jié)方式，實(shí)現(xiàn)軟啟動(dòng)、合理分配功率、自動(dòng)保護(hù)等；借助現(xiàn)場總線，實(shí)現(xiàn)高水平信息系統(tǒng)，簡化液壓系統(tǒng)的調(diào)節(jié)、爭端和維護(hù)。? 液壓CAD技術(shù)充分利用現(xiàn)有的液壓CAD設(shè)計(jì)軟件，進(jìn)行二次開發(fā)，建立知識(shí)庫信息系統(tǒng)，它將構(gòu)成設(shè)計(jì)-制造-銷售-使用-設(shè)計(jì)的閉環(huán)系統(tǒng)。將計(jì)算機(jī)防真及適時(shí)控制結(jié)合起來，在試制樣機(jī)前，便可用軟件修改其特性參數(shù)，以達(dá)到最佳設(shè)計(jì)效果。下一個(gè)目標(biāo)是，利用CAD技術(shù)支持液壓產(chǎn)品到零不見設(shè)計(jì)的全過程，并把CAD/CAM/CAPP/CAT，以及現(xiàn)代管理系統(tǒng)集成在一起建立集成計(jì)算機(jī)制造系統(tǒng)（CIMS），使液壓設(shè)計(jì)與制造技術(shù)有一個(gè)突破性的發(fā)展。新材料、新工藝的應(yīng)用新型材料的使用，如陶瓷、聚合物或涂敷料，可使液壓的發(fā)展引起新的飛躍。為了保護(hù)環(huán)境，研究采用生物降解迅速的壓力流體，如采用菜油基和合成脂基或者水及海水等介質(zhì)替代礦物液壓油。鑄造工藝的發(fā)展，將促進(jìn)液壓元件性能的提高，如鑄造流道在閥體和集成塊中的廣泛使用，可優(yōu)化元件內(nèi)部流動(dòng)，減少壓力損失和降低噪聲，實(shí)現(xiàn)元件小型化。 參考文獻(xiàn) [1] 董林福 王琳琳，《橡膠工業(yè)》 2008 [2] 成大先，《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊》第三版（第一卷）化工工業(yè)出版社 [3] 樂衛(wèi)勤，《橡膠技術(shù)與裝備》 1999年 第1期 [4] 龐興華. 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ). 北京: 機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社, 2009 [5] 楊沿平，機(jī)械精度設(shè)計(jì)與檢測技術(shù)基礎(chǔ). 北京: 機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 2004 [6] 黃夢，《現(xiàn)代橡塑》 2005年 第5期 [7] 謝立，《世界橡膠工業(yè)》 2001年05期 [8] 唐金松， 簡明機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊 上海: 上?？茖W(xué)技術(shù)出版社, 2009 [9] 呂百齡，21世紀(jì)我國橡膠工業(yè)發(fā)展趨勢，橡膠技術(shù)與裝備 2004年 第5期 [10] 王三民，機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算手冊 北京: 化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社 2009 [11] 蔣志剛,平板硫化極硫化參數(shù)系統(tǒng)[刊].橡膠技術(shù)與裝備,1999,25 [12] 濮良貴、紀(jì)名剛. 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì). 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2006 8