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1、第五講第五講狀語從句狀語從句第一課時知識過關(guān)課李仕才1在時間狀語或條件狀語從句中，通常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時，用現(xiàn)在完成時代替將來完成時。2辨析：when，while，as引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。while必須與延續(xù)性動詞連用，強調(diào)主句動作延續(xù)到從句所指的整個時間時，只能用while；表示“隨著”只能用as；表示有規(guī)律的“每當(dāng)”時或主句動作與從句動作有先后時，只能用when。3辨析：because，since，as引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。because語氣最強，表示直接的原因，是說話人認(rèn)為對方不知道的原因，它引導(dǎo)的從句通常位于主句之后；在回答why時，或者在強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中，只能用because。since

2、和as是對大家已知的事實提供理由或背景，它們引導(dǎo)的從句多位于主句前，有時也位于主句后。4as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時，從句中的狀語、表語或動詞必須置于句首；though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時，這些成分可置于句首也可用正常語序；但although等其他詞引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句不能將這些成分前置。5表示“雖然”的連詞though/although不能與表示“但是”的連詞but連用；表示“原因”的because等連詞不可與表示結(jié)果的連詞so等同時使用。讀語篇，悟語法。反復(fù)朗讀下列短文，領(lǐng)悟畫線黑體部分。思考：有多少種狀語從句？下面的狀語從句各屬于哪一種？有哪些特殊的用法？My mother was cooking

3、 in the kitchen while1 I was doing my school assignments.As soon as2 I finished my homework, I went to get some water to drink. Then the doorbell rang. However, my sister unlocked the door before3 I could open it.We were surprised the moment4 we saw her because5 her clothes and face were terribly di

4、rty.She looked much poorer than6 we expected. Since7 we didnt know what had happened to her, we stood there and waited for my sisters story. We wouldnt leave unless8 my sister told us all about it. After9 my sister got changed, she told us that shefell into a ditch when10 she walked on a path on her

5、 way to my uncles home in the countryside. She couldnt get out of the ditch.Although11 she cried for help, no one could hear her. She tried to climb out of it, but, however12 hard she tried, she failed to escape from it. As13 time went by, she got worried. After several vain attempts she had to stan

6、d where14 she was and waited until15 a boy student passed by and gave her a hand. The boy reached her a long rope and told her to climb with the rope. She did as16 the boy told, so that17 she came out. My sister also warned us to be careful when18 walking on a path even though/if 19 we are in a grea

7、t hurry. Thats true. We should mind our step so that20 we can ensure our safety.1用于對比兩件事，意思是“而”用while，不能用when/as代替。2as soon as引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，表示“一就”。3before表示“還沒來得及就”。4名詞詞組如the moment/the second/the day/the first time/next time.等可以用來引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。5引導(dǎo)表示原因的從句時用because，其引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句一般放在主句之后，而如果只是名詞性短語表示原因，則用because o

8、f引導(dǎo)。6在表示比較時，用than來引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句，than也可以作介詞。7對大家已知的事實提供理由或背景時，常用since引導(dǎo)，意思是“既然”。其引導(dǎo)的從句多在主句之前。8引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，unlessif.not，是“除非，如果不”之意。9after/before引導(dǎo)表示時間先后的狀語從句，根據(jù)實際表達需要選用其一。10when引導(dǎo)表示“當(dāng)時”的時間狀語從句。11引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時，可以用although或though，主句可以與副詞still連用，但不能再與連詞but連用了，一個復(fù)合句只需一個連詞。當(dāng)是as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時，從句中的狀語、表語或動詞置于句首。12however引導(dǎo)讓步

9、狀語從句時，其后常接形容詞或副詞，用于修飾該形容詞或副詞，wherever，whenever也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，在從句中作狀語，相當(dāng)于no matter how/where/when；另外whatever，whoever，whichever也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。13表示“隨著”時，只能用as引導(dǎo)。14引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句時，用where/wherever，表示“在的地方”。15固定用法“直到才”可以用兩種表達形式：“延續(xù)性動詞until句子”(用肯定形式)；“not短暫性動詞until句子”(用否定形式)。16引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句時，可以用as，意思是“按照，像那樣”。17so that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果

10、狀語從句，從句表示的通常是某件事的結(jié)果。18when引導(dǎo)表示“當(dāng)時”的時間狀語從句時，如果主句的主語和從句的主語是一致的，可以省略when從句的主語和be動詞，用分詞來表示。19表示“即使，盡管”的even though/if引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。20so that除了引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句外，還可以引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，常與情態(tài)動詞can/could等連用。.單句填空(用適當(dāng)?shù)膹膶龠B詞填空)1_ hard you try, it is very difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.2Did Jenny retur

11、n early last night?Exactly. It was not yet nine oclock _ she arrived home.3_ the doctor has warned him of the side effects of the medicine, he still takes it every day.4If you miss this chance, it may be years _ you get another one.5Quiet boy _ he may be, he talks a lot about his favorite singers af

12、ter class.HoweverwhenThough/Althoughbeforeas/though6The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair _ he wanted to sit next to his wife.7She says that shell have to close the shop _ business improves.8If you happen to get lost in the wild, youd better stay _ you are and wait for help.9I went on with

13、 my work _ I finished washing all the clothes.10You will never gain success _ you are fully devoted to your work.becauseunlesswhereuntilunless.單句改錯(下列每句中有一處錯誤，每處涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改，請指出并改正。)1He cant come because of he is ill._2She studied hard so that could catch up with others._3Only we keep optimistic

14、can we succeed._4When he hesitating, a man came up to him._5Although she was in poor health, but she continued to carry out her duties. _去掉because后的of在that后加she在only后加when在he后加was去掉but6I will stick to my plan if you agree with me or not._7I lived in this house since I came to this city._8I had hardl

15、y got home than it began to rain._9We left in so a hurry that we forgot to lock the door._10He came in quietly in order to he wouldnt wake his wife._ifwhether在lived前加havethanwhensosuchtothat.語篇填空(在下面空格處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞，使結(jié)構(gòu)完整，語意通順。)My classmate Michael studied very hard 1._ he went to senior school. Every

16、day he worked 2._ every one left the classroom. He said he wouldnt stop trying 3._ he got satisfying scores in his studies.Hard 4._ he tried, he made little progress, but he didnt lose heart at all 5._ he believed as long as he persisted he would succeed one day.6._ time went by, he made improvement

17、s in his studies and he was admitted to a university in Guangzhou at last. We had a gettogether party 7._we started our new life in university.8._ everyone had got offers from universities, we had a very good time. When we stood 9._ we used to play and study, we couldnt help thinking of our happy ol

18、d days. We believed we would never forget each other，10._ we would go or whatever we would do. Before we departed，11._ we seemed a little sadder 12._ before, we still fought back the tears.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】我的同學(xué)Michael上了高中之后努力學(xué)習(xí)，一開始效果并不好，但經(jīng)過堅持不懈的努力，他終于考上了廣州的一所大學(xué)。1after根據(jù)語境“Michael上了高中后就開始努力學(xué)習(xí)”。2until“直到才”是固定用法，

19、“延續(xù)性動詞until句子”用肯定形式，而“not短暫性動詞until句子”則用否定形式。3unless根據(jù)句意“除非他取得滿意的成績，否則他是不會放棄的”可知。4as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時，從句中的狀語、表語或動詞置于句首，意思是“盡管”。5because根據(jù)前面可知“盡管他沒有取得很大的進步，但是他毫不氣餒，因為他堅信只要堅持，總會成功”。6As根據(jù)句意“隨著時間的流逝”，只能用as。7before引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，意思是“在之前”。8Since從下文“we had a very good time”可以推斷出，此從句是原因狀語從句，從句在主句之前，常用since，意思是“既然”。9where

20、動詞stood是不及物動詞，其后跟的是表示地點的狀語從句，意為“站在曾經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)和玩耍的地方”。10wherever從下文“or whatever we would do”可知，前面是一樣的結(jié)構(gòu)，從句缺狀語。11although/though從下文的“we still fought back the tears”可知前面是讓步狀語從句。12than從前面的“a little sadder”可知是比較狀語，用than。第二課時高考研究課狀語從句在語法填空中的考查點規(guī)律方法1正確理解語境；2根據(jù)語境暗含的邏輯關(guān)系，選用正確的連接詞。1Pahlsson screamed _ loudly that he

21、r daughter came running from the house.“She thought I had hurt myself，”says Pahlsson.(2017浙江卷)2Over time, _ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.(2016全國卷)真題驗證1soPahlsson大聲尖叫，以至于她的女兒跑了過來。根據(jù)后面的loudly that her daughter came running from the hous

22、e可知，此處為so. that.表示“如此以至于”，so在此處修飾副詞loudly。as/when語境意義：隨著人口的增長。根據(jù)語境可知，此處應(yīng)該填時間狀語的連詞。3The mother held the baby in her front paws much the way a human does. _ it cried, she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats.(2016四川卷)4Oh., _ you dont mind，Ill stop and take a deep breath.(遼寧卷)Whe

23、n/If語境意義：這位媽媽在很大程度上和人類一樣用前肢抱著嬰兒，如果嬰兒哭了/當(dāng)嬰兒哭的時候，它會前后搖晃，并輕輕拍打來安慰嬰兒。根據(jù)語境可知所填之處引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句或時間狀語從句。if語境意義：如果你不介意，我想停下來喘口氣。根據(jù)語境可知所填之處引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。狀語從句在短文改錯中的考查點1根據(jù)語境體現(xiàn)的上下文邏輯關(guān)系，判斷連詞是否正確；2兩個并列成分之間是否只有一個連詞。規(guī)律方法1My only mistake was that I dropped some on the floor after I was packing them up.(2015陜西卷)_2Though not ve

24、ry big, but the restaurant is popular in our area.(2016全國卷)_真題驗證2afterwhen/while連詞誤用，after意為：在之后；when/while意為：在時候。去掉but連詞多余，句子中含有though/although時，后面的句子不再使用but。第三課時寫作增分課狀語從句在寫作中的增分點一、用好時間狀語從句1他正沿著馬路騎車上學(xué)，這時，一輛小汽車插進來，把他撞倒了。(ride along the road, cut in, knock him down) _2隨著時間流逝，我漸漸對自己失去了信心。(lose confide

25、nce in, gradually, as time goes by) _He was riding along the road when a car cut in and knocked him down.I lost confidence in myself gradually as time went by.3我一聽到這個消息，就急不可待地想告訴我父母。(the moment, cant wait to) _4他不久就會辭職。他在我來這里之前很久就在這里教學(xué)。(quit, before long, long before) _5我們應(yīng)當(dāng)趁還來得及早點采取措施。(take measure

26、s, too late) _I couldnt wait to tell my parents the news the moment I heard it.He will quit before long. He began to teach here long before I came here.We should take measures before its too late.6直到老師跟我談心之后，我才意識到我犯了多么大的一個錯誤。(not until, realize) _二、利用原因狀語從句中的高級句式來寫作1李華一定是來了，因為他的書在課桌上。(must have, for

27、) _2既然你不得不整天呆在教室里，你倒不如利用這個機會全身心地投入到學(xué)習(xí)上。(now that, might as well, put your heart into) _ _Not until my teacher had a talk with me heart to heart did I realize what a mistake I had made.Li Hua must have come, for his books are on his desk.Now that you have to stay in the classroom all day, you might a

28、s well put your heart into your studies.3你應(yīng)當(dāng)好好學(xué)習(xí)，因為它可以為你的未來打下堅實的基礎(chǔ)。(in that, lay a solid foundation) _4他考試不及格是因為他粗心。(fail the exam, because, careless) _You should study hard in that it can lay a solid foundation for your future.He failed the exam because he was careless.三、地點狀語從句對寫作也很增彩1哪里陽光、雨水充足，哪里的

29、田野就綠油油的。(wherever, the fields are green) _2不管你在哪里，不管你做什么，一定要照看好自己。(wherever, whatever, take care of) _3當(dāng)你讀書的時候，你最好在你不理解的地方做個標(biāo)記。(make a mark) _Wherever theres plenty of sun and rain, the fields are green.Wherever you are and whatever you do, please take good care of yourself.When you are reading, you

30、d better make a mark where you dont understand.四、用好方式狀語從句1你可以按照上次我告訴你的那樣下載這個軟件。(download the software, as) _2他看起來好像前一天夜里沒睡覺一樣。(as if, sleep a wink) _3他英語說得非常流利，好像他就是一個母語是英語的人一樣。(fluently, as if, native speaker) _You can download the software as I told you last time.He looked as if he hadnt slept a w

31、ink the night before.He speaks English very fluently as if he were a native speaker.五、正確利用目的狀語從句來寫作1在考試中我非常緊張，害怕考試再一次不及格。(be nervous, for fear that, fail) _2我每天五點鐘就起床，以便能在期末考試中能拿到班級第一名。(so that, get the first place) _I was very nervous in the exam for fear that I should fail a second time.I get up a

32、t 5 am every day so that I can get the first place in our class in the final exams.3請帶上雨傘或者雨衣，以防下雨。(umbrella, raincoat, in case) _4多和父母交流，以便你們能更好地相互了解。(communicate with) _ _Please take an umbrella or a raincoat with you in case it rains.Communicate more frequently with your parents so that you can u

33、nderstand each other better.六、利用條件狀語從句中的高級句式來寫作1我明天會準(zhǔn)時到那里，除非下雨。(unless) _2只要你堅持按你制定的計劃來提高英語，你的英語就會越來越好。(as long as, stick to, improve) _ _3一旦他下定決心，沒有人能改變。(once, make up ones mind, change it) _I will get there on time unless it rains tomorrow.As long as you stick to the plan youve made to improve you

34、r English, your English will get better and better.Once hes made up his mind, nobody can change it.七、正確利用讓步狀語從句來寫作1盡管我們的政府已采取了一些措施，但是污染卻越來越嚴(yán)重。(although, government, take some measures, pollution) _ _2即使你落到別人后面也不要泄氣。(get discouraged, even if) _Although the government has taken some measures, the poll

35、ution is still getting worse and worse.Dont get discouraged even if you have fallen behind others.3所有的學(xué)生，不管他們的學(xué)業(yè)成績是好是壞，都在為到來的考試做準(zhǔn)備。(whether.or, academic performance, prepare oneself for) _ _4盡管上網(wǎng)有好處，但不要在上面花費太多時間。(while, the Internet, of great help, spend too much) _All the students, whether their academic performances are good or bad, are all preparing themselves for the coming exams.While the Internet is of great help, dont spend too much time on it.