張力盤的復(fù)合沖壓模具設(shè)計【11張圖紙】,11張圖紙,張力,復(fù)合,沖壓,模具設(shè)計,11,圖紙 英文資料及中文翻譯 Virtually?all?end?mills,drills,and?similar?tools?you?will?encounter?are?right-handed?and?consequently?use?M03.?However,there?are?situations?when?left-handed?cutting?tools?are?used?and?you?will?need?to?use?M04. Coolant?can?also?be?controlled?with?one?of?several?M-codes.?Coolants?are?often?used?in?machining?operations?to?extend?the?tool?life,flush?chips?away,and?improve?the?surface?roughness. M08?is?the?general?code?for?turning?on?the?coolant?system.?However,M07?may?be?used?to?differentiate?between?flood?and?mist?coolant?system?on?machine?tools?equipped?with?both?systems. M09?is?used?to?turn?off?the?coolant.?It?is?a?good?practice?to?turn?the?coolant?off?during?tool?changes?to?avoid?spraying?coolant?into?any?critical?areas.?It?is?also?a?good?idea?to?turn?the?coolant?off?when?a?pause?is?needed?in?the?middle?of?the?program?to?inspect?the?tool?or?workpiece. There?are?many?circumstances?in?which?you?will?need?to?stop?the?program?during?execution?in?order?to?perform?some?task.?For?example,you?may?need?to?stop?the?program?to?clean?chips?out?of?the?cutting?zone. Two?codes?will?automatically?cause?program?execution?to?stop:M00?and?M01.?The?first,M00,is?unconditional?program?stop.?When?the?control?reads?the?M00?code,it?will?stop?all?axis?motion?until?the?operator?presses?the?cycle?start?button?again.?The?M01?is?effective?only?when?the?optional?stop?button?on?the?control?panel?is?depressed. The?axial?movement?of?CNC?machine?tools?are?guided?by?a?computer,which?reads?a?program?and?instructs?several?motors?to?move?in?the?appropriate?manner.?The?motors?in?turn?cause?the?machine?table?to?move?and?produce?the?machined?part.?Of?course,the?computer?does?not?know?what?shape?you?want?to?cut?until?you?write?a?program?to?describe?the?part. The?idea?of?controlling?a?machine?tool?electronically?is?rather?simple.?A?programmer?writes?a?set?of?instructions?describing?how?he?or?she?would?like?the?machine?to?move?and?then?feeds?the?program?into?the?machine's?computer.?The?computer?reads?the?instructions?and?sends?electrical?signals?to?a?motor,which?then?turns?a?screw?to?move?the?machine?table.?A?sensor?mounted?on?the?table?or?on?the?motor?sends?positioning?information?back?to?the?computer.?Once?the?computer?determines?that?the?correct?location?has?been?reached,the?next?move?will?be?executed. Modern?CNC?machine?tools?can?be?programmed?to?perform?machining?operations?with?a?language?commonly?referred?to?as?G&M?codes.?G-codes?and?M-codes?are?simple?instructions?that?the?programmer?will?write?to?make?the?machine?behave?in?certain?way. There?are?dozens?of?G-codes?and?M-codes?used?to?perform?everything?from?complex?machining?operations?to?ordinary?tools?changes.?However,just?a?few?codes?will?get?most?of?the?work?done.?The?others?are?just?enhancements?to?make?programming?more?powerful?and?provide?advanced?machine?functions. The?codes?that?are?used?to?control?and?modify?axis?movements?for?machining?and?positioning?operations?are?called?preparatory?codes.?They?are?specified?with?the?letter?"G"?and?are?usually?referred?to?simply?as?G-codes.?There?are?G-codes?for?many?different?machine?operations,including?positioning,straight?line?cutting,circular?are?cutting,drilling?operations,and?many?more. G00?is?the?code?used?to?perform?rapid?traverse.?Rapid?traverse?is?used?for?quickly?positioning?the?tool?in?preparation?for?making?a?cut?or?moving?the?tool?to?a?safe?location?for?tool?and?part?change.?G00?can?be?used?any?place?where?the?tool?is?not?directly?in?contact?with?the?workpiece.?Rapid?traverse?is?never?used?to?perform?a?cut—the?velocity?is?far?too?fast?and?is?not?constant.? G01?is?the?code?used?for?linear?interpolation.?Interpolation?is?a?term?used?to?describe?the?process?of?passing?through?all?points.?In?case?of?linear?interpolation,the?tool?will?travel?through?all?points?that?make?up?a?straight?line?in?the?Cartesian?coordinate?system.?The?G01?code?moves?the?tool?from?one?point?to?another?at?a?specified?velocity. Circular?arcs?are?another?common?feature?in?machining.?To?cut?an?arc,the?code?G02?and?G03?are?used?for?circular?interpolation.?The?two?codes?are?identical?in?function,except?that?G02?will?cut?in?a?clockwise(CW)?direction?and?G03?in?a?counterclockwise(CCW)?direction. In?addition?to?G-codes,there?are?a?number?of?codes?used?to?control?various?machine?functions?ranging?from?tool?change?to?coolant?control.?These?codes?are?called?miscellaneous?codes?or?simply?M-codes. M-codes?are?called?in?a?similar?manner?to?G-codes.?Many?M-codes?are?stand?alone?instructions?to?carry?out?some?function?such?as?turning?the?spindle?off.?A?few?M-codes?will?also?work?in?conjunction?with?other?address?to?perform?some?function.?For?example,the?code?to?turn?on?the?spindle?does?not?make?much?sense?unless?a?spindle?speed?has?been?entered?with?an?S?address. Tool?changes?are?accomplished?by?calling?the?M06?code.?After?the?tool?change,it?is?a?good?idea?to?turn?the?spindle?on?before?attempting?to?perform?any?metal?cutting.?This?is?accomplished?with?the?code?M03?and?M04.?M03?turns?on?the?spindle??in?clockwise(CW).?The?spindle?rpm?must?be?specified?in?the?same?line?or?in?a?previous?line.?M04?is?similar?to?M03,except?it?turns?on?the?spindle?in?counterclockwise. (中文翻譯見下頁) 事實上，所有的立銑刀，鉆頭，以及類似的工具，你會遇到是右撇子，因此使用M03。不過，也有情況下，當(dāng)左手切削工具的使用和您將需要使用M04。 冷卻劑也可與多個M代碼之一來控制。冷卻劑通常用在機(jī)加工操作，延長工具壽命，沖洗芯片遠(yuǎn)離，并改善表面粗糙度。 M08是用于接通冷卻劑系統(tǒng)上的一般的代碼。然而，M07可以使用洪水和霧冷卻劑系統(tǒng)上配備有兩個系統(tǒng)的機(jī)床之間進(jìn)行區(qū)分。 ? M09是用來關(guān)閉冷卻劑。這是一個很好的做法在換刀把冷卻液關(guān)閉以避免冷卻液噴到任何關(guān)鍵領(lǐng)域。它也把所述冷卻劑時關(guān)閉暫停中需要的程序，以檢查工具或工件的中間是一個好主意。 有許多情況下，您將需要執(zhí)行期間停止程序，以執(zhí)行一些任務(wù)。例如，您可能需要停止計劃，清理出的芯片切割區(qū)。 兩個代碼將自動導(dǎo)致程序停止執(zhí)行：M00 M01和。首先，M00，是無條件的程序停止。當(dāng)控制讀取M00代碼，它將直到操作者再次按下循環(huán)啟動按鈕停止所有軸的運(yùn)動。該M01是有效的，只有當(dāng)控制面板上的可選停止按鈕被按下。 數(shù)控機(jī)床的軸向運(yùn)動由一臺電腦，讀取程序，并指示多臺電機(jī)以適當(dāng)?shù)姆绞綄⒈灰龑?dǎo)。反過來電機(jī)使機(jī)床工作臺移動和產(chǎn)生的加工零件。當(dāng)然，電腦不知道要砍，直到你寫一個程序來形容部分是什么形狀。 控制機(jī)床的想法電子是相當(dāng)簡單的。程序員編寫一組描述他或她是怎么想的機(jī)器移動指令，并隨后把程序裝入機(jī)器的計算機(jī)。計算機(jī)讀取指令和將電信號發(fā)送到電動機(jī)，然后把一個螺絲移動機(jī)器表。安裝在工作臺上或電機(jī)上的一個傳感器發(fā)送定位信息返回給計算機(jī)。一旦計算機(jī)確定正確的位置已經(jīng)達(dá)到，接下來的舉動將被執(zhí)行。 現(xiàn)代數(shù)控機(jī)床可以被編程為與一般被稱為G＆M代碼的語言進(jìn)行加工操作。 G代碼和M-代碼，程序員會寫，使機(jī)器的行為在一定的方式簡單的指令。 有幾十個G代碼和M代碼用于執(zhí)行一切從復(fù)雜的加工工序，以普通工具的變化。然而，短短的代碼將得到最所做的工作。其他的都只是增強(qiáng)使編程更加強(qiáng)大，并提供先進(jìn)的機(jī)器功能。 是用來控制和修改軸運(yùn)動為加工和定位操作的代碼被稱為預(yù)備碼。它們被指定的字母“G”和通常簡稱為G代碼。有G代碼為許多不同的機(jī)器操作，包括定位，直線切割，圓形為切割，鉆孔作業(yè)，等等。 G00是用于執(zhí)行快速移動的代碼?？焖僖苿佑糜跍?zhǔn)備快速定位工具制作一個切口或移動刀具到安全位置的工具和零件的變化。 G00可以使用該工具不直接與工件接觸的任何地方?？焖僖苿記Q不會用來執(zhí)行剪切速度過于快，是不是恒定的。 G01是用于線性內(nèi)插的代碼。內(nèi)插是用于描述通過所有的點的過程的術(shù)語。如果直線插補(bǔ)，該工具將通過所有的點組成的直角直線坐標(biāo)系旅行。的G01代碼移動從一點到另一點在指定速度的工具。 圓弧是加工的另一個共同特征。為了減少電弧，代碼G02 G03和用于圓弧插補(bǔ)。兩個代碼是在功能上是相同的，所不同的是G02將在順時針（CW）方向和G03在逆時針方向（CCW）方向切斷。 除了G代碼，還有一些用于控制各種機(jī)器功能，從換刀到冷卻液控制代碼。這些代碼被稱為雜碼或者干脆M代碼。 M代碼被稱為以類似的方式，以G代碼。許多M代碼是獨立的指令來進(jìn)行一些功能，如車削主軸關(guān)閉。幾M碼也將配合其他地址來執(zhí)行某些功能。例如，打開主軸上的代碼沒有太大意義，除非主軸轉(zhuǎn)速已進(jìn)入以S地址。 換刀通過調(diào)用M06代碼來實現(xiàn)。換刀后，它把主軸上嘗試執(zhí)行任何金屬切削之前是個好主意。這是通過在代碼M03和M04。 M03輪流在順時針主軸（CW）上。主軸轉(zhuǎn)速必須在相同的行上或在上一行中指定。 M04類似于M03，除了原來在逆時針的主軸上。