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1、word 初中英語介詞用法總括 序號 功能 含義 理解核心 典型例句 1 表示時間 在某段時間 朝代、古今、世紀、年代、年、季、月、星期、早、下午、晚上、過去、將來等不具體的、模糊的大于1天的時間段。 〔注意和at在這方面的區(qū)別：at指的是短于1天的時間點〕 In Tang dynasty;in the 19th century;in 1980;in this year;in spring;in a week; in a month;in the morning 2 表示位置 在某個地方 國家、地區(qū)、省、市、區(qū)、太空、天空等… (自然意義上的地方)

2、In china;in huabei;in Beijing;in the sky 在某個場所 車、教室、超市等 (注意和at在這方面的區(qū)別，at一般用在：家、角、店、站、口等可能有和露天接觸的地方) In the train; in the classroom; 甲處于乙中… 除實物里面外，注意“光、燈、影、樹蔭、雨、森林〞，有全身置入某種環(huán)境之中的含義在內。 We are in the classroom; They are sitting in the shade of a tree； They are studying in the birghtlight. 3 表

3、示將來 在…以后 用在一般將來時中，是從“現(xiàn)在時間點往后..〞 They will e back in 10 days 4 語言 單位 材料 / 關于“材料“，注意和with在這個用法上的區(qū)別。 (with偏向“工具〞，in偏向“材料〞) I wrote a novel in Russian； The length is measured in meter, and centimetre； This board was cast in gold. 5 狀態(tài) 方面 服飾 / 狀態(tài)：既可以指人的狀態(tài)，也可指物的狀態(tài)； 方面：既可指具體，也可指抽象方面； 服

4、飾：尤以顏色和狀態(tài)?？? He wasn’t in good health,so talk in low voice. Our country in rich in natural resources; A good teacher must be an example in study He is in red shoes today 初中階段應掌握的 In的常見短語 介詞短語 in all 總計;in general 一般來說；in time 與時；in advance 事前;in the meantime 與此同時;in place 適當?shù)兀?in the hope o

5、f懷著……希望;in connection with 和……有關;in contact with 和……聯(lián)系;in addition to 除……以外;in case of 倘假如，萬一;in conflict with 和……沖突;in force 有效的，大批;in depth 徹底地;in regard to 關于;in the neighborhood of 大約、鄰近;in retrospect 回顧，一想起;in behalf of 代表……利益;in the long run 從長遠說來;in one's opinion 在……看來;in word 口頭上;in a word 總

6、之;in vain 無益地, 白白地;in case 如果，萬一，以防;in detail 詳細地;in haste 急急忙忙地;in conclusion 總之；in spite of 盡管;in other words換句話說;in return 作為回報;in the name of 以……名義；be confident in 對……有信心;be interested in 對……感興趣;in doubt 懷疑;in love 戀愛中;in debt 負債;in hesitation 猶豫不決;in wonder 在驚奇中;in public (secret) 公開他(秘密地);in a

7、 good mood (情緒)好;in danger, in debt(負債),in a hurry；in stock(有庫存)；in peace(平安) (at peace和平), 動詞短語 believe in信任; break inbreak in 闖入,插嘴,打斷;bring in引起；產生；帶來;e in進來；流行；call in下令收回; take in吸收、卷起；訂閱，上當，受騙； turn in上繳，歸還；fill in填充；get in收獲；succeed in成功；check in到達登記，cut in插嘴,插入；count in包括； draw in時間接近； dr

8、op in順路拜訪；give in投降、屈服； go in for 參加；愛好，追求；hand in 交上，上繳；pour in源源而來。 序號 功能 含義 理解核心 典型例句 1 表示時間 在某天或一天內的某個時間段 在星期幾、具體的某一天or某日的早、中、晚 〔時間前有定語修飾〕 On S…);on May 12thth;on Wed.morning;on a cold night;on children’day(核心提示：所有的節(jié)日都是用on) 2 表示位置 〔具體〕在……上面 與物體外表相接觸〔注意與above\over的區(qū)別〕 Ther

9、e are a lot of books on the shelf; On the face; on the head;on the floor\football field\playgroud\road\roof\ On the farm \on the market(?？? 〔抽象〕在……上面 收音機、電視、、網絡、手機、問題、紙X 〔所有有形的，無形的“新聞媒體上〞都是用on〕 On TV; on radio; surf on the internet;on the phone； You are wrong on all these issues 在……〔邊〕上 左、右

10、、兩邊 On the left; on the right; on both sides; there is a hotel on the lake 3 表示狀態(tài) 處于…狀態(tài) 人或者物的目前狀態(tài); On duty; on show; on fire; on strike; on sale;on business;on schedule; on time;on the country；on scale 4 表示關系 關于…文章or論著 〔高中階段掌握〕 On指專門論述〔注意和about相區(qū)別〕 I want a book on South Africa. He wr

11、ote an article on the importance of birth control 靠…… 相當于depend on的含義 The people in the south live on rice; You can't afford the expensive ring on an ine of 1000 yuan a month; on foot 5 特定時間 一…就… 〔高中階段掌握〕 相當于as soon as+主語的含義 On entering the room, he found his friends dancing； 初中階段應掌握 In的

12、常見短語 介詞短語 On the spot當場；立即；on the run在逃跑中；On the air在廣播中；on fire著火；on time準時；on duty值日；on strike罷工； on sale上市；on the country相反地；on schedule按時間表，準時; on business公事； on display在展出；on the one hand一方面；on the other hand另一方面； on one’s way to在…路上；on one’s own=by oneself;on top of;and so on等等；on purpose故

13、意，專門 特別注意：乘坐交通工具都用by,但on foot 步行；on horse騎馬；on donkey騎驢 動詞短語 Bring on引起，導致； call on 號召，拜訪；decide on 決定;depend on依靠，取決于；get on上車；相處；進展;go on繼續(xù); get on with進展，相處； look on旁觀，觀望；look on…as把……看/當作;look down on看不起，輕視；pass on傳遞，傳交；hand on傳遞下去；put on 表演，上演；戴/穿上；假裝；take on 呈現(xiàn)，具有；流行；承當，雇用；turn on打開〔燈，氣，水

14、，電器等〕；work on 繼續(xù)工作, 鉆研〔學問或技術〕;carry on繼續(xù)開展，堅持;hold on 繼續(xù)；()不掛斷；抓牢，堅持;try on試穿。 序號 功能 含義 理解核心 典型例句 1 表示時間 在…時刻\歲時 In是時間段，at是時間點，相對更準確 At noon;at night;at midnight;at dawn;at lunch;at breakfast;at supper;at dinner;at the moment;at the same time;at once;at the beginning of;at the end o

15、f;at the age of; at daybreak；at sunrise;at sunset; at 7 o’clock……at〔on〕 the weekend常考 2 表示地點 在……位置或場所 家、腳、角、店、站、口、底、中心、核心 at the foot of;at the corner of ;at the crossroads;at the gate of;at he bottom of;at the top of;at the center of; at a distance;at the edge of ;at home;at the barbar’s;at th

16、e airport;at the station;at 405 Victory Road … 3 表示度 速度 以…速度 The car ran at 120miles an hour; At full speed 溫度 在…度 Water usually boils at 100°;at 10 degrees centigrade 價格 按…價格 The pen was sold at a good price; at low cost 4 表示方向 朝…，向… 表示動作的方向 Aim at向..瞄準；shout at向..大喊；throw at向..扔；sm

17、ile at向..微笑；rush at向..沖去;fire at向..開火 5 表示原因 由于〔高中階段掌握 一般用在系表結構中，對形容詞的原因進展說明 I was surprised at the news; He was discouraged at his failure 6 表示能力 擅長于… 固定考點：be good at;be bad at;an expert at He is good at drawing(at后接名詞或動名詞) 初中階段應掌握 In的常見短語 介詞短語 at first 首先，開始時；at last;at most;at le

18、ast 至少；at all events 無論如何；at home 在家，無拘束；at a loss 不知怎辦；at any rate 不管怎樣；at length 詳細地；be at high tide 處于高潮期；at our invitation 應我們的邀請；at our request 應我們的請求；at the news 聽到這消息；at the risk of 冒……危險；at a great expense 以巨大費用；at intervals of 每隔；at the sight of 一見到at the point of 接近，靠近；at the thought of 一想

19、到；at the speed of 以……速度；at the cost (price) of 以……為代價；at leisure 閑著、失業(yè)；at stake 在危險中、在成敗關頭；at bottom 實際上、本質上；at short notice 一得到通知;at seeing us 看到我們；at the present stage 在現(xiàn)階段；at the weekend 周末；at all times 永遠； 動詞短語 call at訪問〔某地〕；e at襲擊，攻擊;get at意指，本意是；理解；到達;knock at 敲打〔門窗〕，敲擊;look at看;work at從事, 致

20、力于, 鉆研;laugh at嘲笑；glare at怒目而視； glance at匆匆一瞥；point at指向 序號 含義 理解核心 典型例句 1 關于、有關 This is a book about how to study english 2 大約…, 近于… 表示時間或數(shù)量 I will be with you in about 3minutes; There are about 30students in the classroom. 3 到處，在…周圍，附近 相當于here and there He walked about th

21、e street. 4 What about…?(習慣用語) About為介詞，所以后接動詞ing形式 What about taking a break? 動詞短語 go about著手,四處走走;set about著手，開始;worry about為…擔心; e about 發(fā)生;care about關心、在意; bring about引起，帶來,導致;knock about漫游；look about四處看看，四處環(huán)顧；set about doing著手做，開始；turn about向后轉；think about考慮〔是否去做〕；argue about爭論; know abou

22、t了解;hear about聽說;ask about詢問;chat about閑聊;quarrel about爭吵;speak／talk about談論;plain about報怨 序號 含義 理解核心 典型例句 1 高于，在…之上 表示位置、地位、年齡、價格、量(重、數(shù)、度)、音調等 The mountain is 2000meters above the sea level〔位置〕; I know you're above me socially, but I must say you are rude man(職位) The old lady is above

23、 eighty〔年齡〕; There are above forty girl students in the class〔數(shù)量〕; Our private car weighs 1.8tons(重量)； Any money earned over that level is taxed(度量) 2 非…能力所與，超出 能力、行為、品質等 The maths problem is above me; Honest above everything else; He is above doing such things(他不至于做出那樣的事情來) 介詞短語 Above al

24、l首先，最重要的是，最要緊的是； He was above all a good and tireless writer; above all, we must be health 序號 含義 理解核心 典型例句 1 橫過、穿過 表示動作的方向 He swam across the river; The policeman helped the old man walk across the street. 2 在對面，在那一邊 表示位置上的對應關系，在隔著的對面 He lives across the street; Japan lies a

25、cross the pacific ocean 常見短語 e across偶遇；get across橫穿馬路；能理解，被聽懂；run across偶遇，橫跨； 序號 含義 理解核心 典型例句 1 撞到、緊靠 表示動作的方向，有靠、撞擊的意思 I have hit my head against a wall; She stood with her back against the tree; The rain beat against the windows 2 反、逆、違背 反對〔贊成的反義〕 逆方向; 違背〔意愿等〕 Are you fo

26、r or against the plan? There were 20 votes for her and 12 against her; He is swimming against this current. She did it against her own will 3 以防 〔大學階段掌握此用法〕 They saved money against old age. 4 表示陪襯 (高中階段掌握此用法) The red flag is fluttering against the blue sky; His red clothes stook out cle

27、arly against the snow. 常見短語 Go against違反、違背、反對；stand against反對，不支持；turn against〔轉而〕反對，背叛；run against違反，偶然遇到；fight against與……斗爭； over against正對著，在……對面 〔fe: he lived over against the school〕 序號 含義 理解核心 典型例句 1 〔時間、順序、位置〕在…之后 表時間時，后面跟的是個時間點 After breakfast he ordered a taxi. Shut the

28、door after you; After you,please. A few kilometres after the village, turn right to Montelabate 2 探求、追求、追尋、找 與be動詞或其它動詞合用時，有此含義 A police is running after a thief; He is after a job at our place; I think he is only after money. What are you after? I am looking for my wallet. 3 按照、仿照、依照、效仿

29、 相當于according to的含義 Make sentence after the example That was a play after Shakespeare. They named the building after the scientist. 4 由于，盡管 高級用法，高中階段掌握 After failing in the last two English tests,he made up his mind to spend more time on English study. After all his efforts,John has failed.

30、 常見短語 介詞短語 Day after day日復一日；year after year年復一年；One after nother一個接一個地，相繼；after a little/moment/while過了一會；after all畢竟，終究；after one’s heart合……的心；after service售后服務，after the fashion勉強(fe:He can speak and write English after a fashion他多少會說一些英語但不太好)； 動詞短語 Look after照顧，照看；take after相像，長得像，效仿〔John

31、 takes after his dad〕；ask after問候, be after尋求,do(sth.)after學著做，go after設法得到, inquire after問候, run after追求, seek after追逐 序號 含義 理解核心 典型例句 1 順著，沿著 表具體：沿著具體物體的邊緣 We walked along the street. 2 順著，沿著 表抽象：沿著抽象事物的方向開展 〔該用法為along的副詞用法〕 My life is going along nicely 常見短語 1.Al

32、ong with與…一起(fe:The baby's mother escaped from the fire along with two other children)； 2.all along一直〔fe:I've been fooling myself all along〕 3.bring along把…帶來，領來;使開展〔Did you bring along some books?〕 4.e along 出現(xiàn)；沿著……過來；加油；進展 5.get on / along 〔with..〕進展；相處 序號 含義 理解核心 典型例句 1 在…之中；在..中間

33、 表具體：三者或者三者以上之中 I found him among the crowd Please divide the cake among you four 表抽象 Most important among the country’s problems is the lack of health facilities. 2 ……之一 相當于one of的功能 Einstein is among the greatest scientists 備注 -among 與between的區(qū)別：三者與兩者之間的區(qū)別。但在如下情況，between 可用于三者：(1) 當兩個以上

34、的人或物用 and 連接時：between A, B and C 在 A、B、C 之間；(2) 涉與事物之間的區(qū)別或各國之間的關系時：the difference between the three of them 他們三者之間的區(qū)別the relations between various countries 各國之間的關系；(3) 表示“由于…合作的結果〞時：Between them they landed the fish. 他們協(xié)力把魚拖上了岸。(4) 在 divide, share 等表示“分享〞之類的動詞之后，假如接一個表示三者或三者以上的復數(shù)名詞時，用 among between

35、 均可：He divided his money among [between] his five sons. 他把錢分給了5個兒子。 序號 含義 理解核心 典型例句 1 作為，當作 注意和as for的區(qū)別 (as for為至于，關于) Don’t treat me as a child; I speak now as a friend,not as a teacher. As for me, I don’t mind going there by train; 2 當…時候，在…同時 as當“連詞〞時的用法 The play started as I

36、got there; As I was a child,I liked singing very much 3 正如，就像 As you can see,we are still working. 因為，由于 We have a very wonderful TV, but we hardly watch it as we have so much housework to do. 備注 1. As….as 像….一樣 〔fe: the little girl over there looks as beautiful as my daughter〕; 2. as lo

37、ng as只要(fe:As long as you can keep away from them, you're safe) 3. as a matter of fact adv. 事實上〔fe:I'm leaving for Beijing tomorrow, as a matter of fact.〕 4. as a whole adv. 總體上(fe:We must consider these matters as a whole) 5. as far as adv. 遠到， 直到， 至于( 6. As if 好象……似的 仿佛……一樣 7. as well as adv.

38、 也，又 8. as well 也 〔fe:Water is colourless, air as well〕 9. not so much...as... 與其說...不如說是...(fe:He is not so much a writer as a reporter) 10. such as 像， 例如；譬如；諸如〔fe:Many basic foodstuffs, such as bread and milk, are tax-free〕 11. look on….as 把….看作…. 序號 含義 理解核心 典型例句 1 在…以前； 在…前面； 在…之前

39、表示時間 We have to finish the work before 10 o’clock. He made a speech before a lot of audience He arrived before me. 表示位置 表示順序 2 以前，以往 〔此時Before做副詞〕 She had never been to Italy before 3 在…以前 〔此時before做連詞〕 I want to think it over before I decide about it 常用短語 1. before long 不久； 〔fe:I

40、hope to see you again before long〕 2. long before很久以前 (fe:We've seen that film long before) 序號 含義 理解核心 典型例句 1 比…晚；遲于… 表示時間 Your ideas are behind the times; He arrived ten minutes behind time. 2 在…后面 表示位置 He hide himself behind the tree. There is someone behind you. 3 落后于，低于，不如 表

41、抽象：表示力量、能力等 I am far behind you in English John’s behind the rest of the class in reading. 4 支持；作為…的后盾 此時相當于support的作用 He had his mother behind him. 常用短語 1.behind schedule 不準時 2.behind the times 過時的 3.behind the curtain 在幕后 4.far behind 在后面很遠，把…遠遠的甩在身后 5.left behind 遺留，留下〔被動語句中更常用〕 序號

42、 含義 理解核心 典型例句 1 在…以下 具體：表示位置 〔below含某個水平線或水平面以下的意思，而under是某個物體以下〕 Don’t write your answer below this line; Fish were swimming below the surface of the water. 2 低于，在..以下 表示年齡 He can’t be below fifty. 3 表示能力、級別、價值、程度、數(shù)量等 He is below me in the class; His ine is below the average ine in

43、 the area； During the night,temperatures dropped below zero. 序號 含義 理解核心 典型例句 1 在…旁邊；在..附近 表具體位置：表示地點 He sat beside her all night; I want to buy a beautiful beside the river. 2 和…相比 引申用法(大學階段掌握) Beside his ,my trouble is nothing; My work condition looks poor beside hers 短語 Be besid

44、e oneself (with sth) 因…而忘形，失去控制 I was beside myself with joy. 序號 含義 理解核心 典型例句 1 除..以外〔還有〕 注意和except的區(qū)別 〔except 用來引出陳述中唯一不適用的事物、情形、人或想法，是從整體中除去；而besides只是特別強調而已〕 Besides English ,we have to study math,Chinese and so on. Besides cancer, smoking can lead other diseases She is a nice

45、girl except a bit ugly. There wasn't anything in the box except a few dirty clothes 2 另外，再說 〔此時當副詞〕 I don't like that new dictionary, besides, it's too expensive 序號 含義 理解核心 典型例句 1 在…之間〔兩者〕 (常和and常用) 具體：表示時間、位置、數(shù)量 The lunch hour is between 11 and 13pm; Shanxi province is between hen

46、an and gansu The temperature is between 25 degree and 30 all week 2 抽象：表示比擬、分配、關系、性質等 What’s the differencde between women and man? They shared the chocolate between the two of them; The relations between teachers and students are excellent My job is between a secretary and a personal assista

47、nt. 序號 含義 理解核心 典型例句 1 在…的那邊； 在…以外； 表示具體位置：在某物體的X圍之外 The airport is 20miles beyond the town; What lies beyond the mountains? 2 超出，高于 表示抽象的X圍、限度等 This book is beyond me; He is living beyond his ine; The beauty of West Lake ia beyond words; The watch is damaged beyond repair 3 過了，比

48、..晚，遲于 表示時間 He came home beyond the usual time; 序號 含義 理解核心 典型例句 1 除了..；除了..之外 She has no choice but to cry. 2 常用短語 Not only…but also 不但…而且 He not only studies hard but also works well； Not only did he make a promise, but also he kept it〔倒裝〕 序號 含義 理解核心 典型例句 1 在..旁邊，身邊

49、 表示位置，相當于beside的意思 只是by可以用于引申含義 He stood by the window and look out over the fields; I haven’t got any money by me. 2 到…時候〔為止，以前〕 表示時間(跟時間點) He is sure to e by 3 0’clock. The homework need to be ready by next Friday. 3 按…； 以… 表示標準，度量，數(shù)量 In America many workers were paid by the week; Don

50、’t judge a man by his clothes/looks; The cotton crop has increased by 25% this year 4 乘、靠、用、以、通過、被 表示方法、方式、手段等 〔海、陸、空、車、偶、被〕 by land (air, sea, water, bus) 陸路(航空，水陸，水路，乘公共汽車)； by chance 偶然 by accident 偶然，無意中 The law of relativity was formulated by Einstein. I will contact you by letter/ph

51、one 5 相差 表示程度 〔高級用法，大學階段掌握〕 He missed the train by five minutes; He is taller than his father by 2 centimeters 動詞短語 1. call by 順道訪問； 2. e by 從…旁走過； 3. go up by 上升到了… 4. go by(從……旁)走過/經過；依照，遵循；順便走訪； 5. pass by 經過 6. stand by 支持〔某人〕；袖手旁觀； 7. 介詞短語 By and by 不久以后； By mistake由于過失導致； Day by day一天天地 By oneself 獨自地； By the way順便問一句 Little by little逐漸地，一點點地； One by one一個一個地； Side by side 肩并肩； Hand by hand手拉手 Learn by heart記住 13 / 13